Travel to Lebanon is strongly discouraged at this time. Multiple governments, including the U.S. Department of State, have issued “Level 4: Do Not Travel” advisories for Lebanon. These warnings are due to a volatile and unpredictable security situation, including the risk of crime, terrorism, civil unrest, kidnapping, unexploded landmines, and potential armed conflict, particularly near the borders with Israel and Syria. The situation can deteriorate with little to no notice. This itinerary is provided for informational purposes only, to showcase the rich cultural and historical sites of Lebanon for future, safer travel. Please consult your government’s latest travel advisories before considering any travel to Lebanon.
Lebanon is a land of staggering contrasts and profound history, a country where ancient civilizations have left their indelible marks. Nestled on the eastern shore of the Mediterranean, this small nation boasts a remarkable concentration of historical treasures, from the majestic Roman temples of Baalbek to Byblos, one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities on Earth. Its landscape is a stunning tapestry that shifts from sun-kissed coastlines to the rugged, snow-capped peaks of the Lebanon Mountains, home to the legendary and resilient Cedars of God. The country’s geography offers the unique possibility of skiing in the mountains in the morning and relaxing by the sea in the afternoon.
The true heart of Lebanon, however, lies in its vibrant culture and the incredible resilience of its people. Beirut, the capital, is a city of intoxicating energy, with world-class cuisine, legendary nightlife, and a thriving arts scene that constantly rises from the ashes of its turbulent past. Lebanese hospitality is legendary; locals are known for their warmth, generosity, and eagerness to share their rich heritage with visitors. The nation’s cuisine is a global phenomenon, and experiencing it at its source—from savory mezze platters and fresh seafood to the exquisite wines of the Bekaa Valley—is a journey in itself.
A trip to Lebanon is an exploration of layers. It’s a journey through millennia of human history, a discovery of breathtaking natural beauty, and an immersion into a complex, dynamic, and welcoming society. It’s a place that challenges perceptions and rewards the curious traveler with experiences that are both deeply moving and incredibly vibrant. While current circumstances make travel inadvisable, the hope remains for a future where the world can once again safely discover the immense beauty and spirit of this extraordinary country.
Theme: A Vibrant Introduction to the “Paris of the Middle East”
Upon arriving at Beirut-Rafic Hariri International Airport (BEY), your journey into the heart of the Levant begins. After settling into your accommodation, the first day is an immersion into the captivating energy of Beirut. This is a city of incredible contrasts, where ancient Roman ruins sit alongside modern skyscrapers, and where the scars of a civil war are woven into the fabric of a relentlessly vibrant and forward-looking metropolis. Your initial exploration would focus on the city’s dynamic neighborhoods, each with its own unique character and story.
A great place to start is a walk along the Corniche, the city’s famous seaside promenade. Here, you’ll see Beirut in all its diversity: families strolling, fishermen casting their lines, and groups of friends enjoying the sea breeze. The walk offers iconic views of the Pigeon Rocks (Raouché), magnificent natural arches rising from the Mediterranean. As evening descends, delve into the trendy districts of Gemmayzeh or Mar Mikhael. These areas are known for their beautifully restored Ottoman-era buildings, which now house an eclectic mix of art galleries, chic boutiques, and some of the city’s most innovative bars and restaurants, offering a perfect first taste of Beirut’s legendary nightlife.
To get your bearings and understand the city’s complex history, a guided walking tour of Downtown Beirut is highly recommended. These tours can illuminate the layers of history, from the Roman Cardo Maximus ruins to the bullet-scarred buildings preserved as memorials, and the ambitious reconstruction projects that have reshaped the city center. You’ll see landmarks like the Mohammad Al-Amin Mosque with its stunning blue domes, the adjacent Saint George Maronite Cathedral, and the Place de l’Étoile (Nejmeh Square) with its iconic clock tower.
For a different perspective, consider a food tour through a neighborhood like Hamra or Achrafieh. This is one of the best ways to dive into Lebanon’s world-famous cuisine. A local guide can introduce you to hidden gems, from street food stalls selling delicious man’oushe (za’atar flatbread) and shawarma to artisanal sweet shops. It’s a sensory introduction to the flavors that define the nation. In the evening, an architectural tour focusing on the traditional Lebanese houses in Gemmayzeh can provide a deeper appreciation for the city’s built heritage.
Lebanon currently operates on a dual-currency system. While the official currency is the Lebanese Pound (LBP), the US Dollar (USD) is widely accepted and often preferred, especially for larger transactions. It’s crucial to understand the current “market rate” or “sayrafa rate” for exchange, which is vastly different from the old official rate. Carry small denominations of both USD and LBP. Credit card usage can be complicated due to the banking situation, so relying on cash is often the safest bet. Exchange money at reputable exchange offices rather than banks.
For getting around Beirut, ride-sharing apps like Uber and Bolt are widely used, reliable, and generally affordable. This is often easier than hailing a traditional taxi, where you would need to negotiate the fare beforehand. Traditional “service” (shared) taxis are a cheaper, more local option but can be confusing for first-time visitors. Traffic in Beirut can be extremely congested, especially during rush hours (morning and late afternoon), so plan your movements accordingly.
Beirut is a very cosmopolitan and fashion-conscious city. While you will see a wide range of styles, a smart-casual look will help you blend in comfortably. For daytime exploration, lightweight and breathable clothing is best. Linen trousers, stylish jeans, or skirts paired with a nice top are great options. While shorts are worn, they are less common among adults in the city center compared to in beach resorts. Comfortable yet stylish walking shoes are essential for navigating the city’s streets.
In the evenings, people in Beirut love to dress up, especially when going out to the restaurants and bars in areas like Gemmayzeh, Mar Mikhael, or Downtown. A chic dress or smart trousers and a blouse for women, and smart jeans or trousers with a collared shirt for men, would be appropriate. While the city is liberal, it’s always respectful to dress modestly when visiting religious sites like mosques or churches, which means covering your shoulders and knees.
Your first day in Beirut is a perfect opportunity to dive into the world of Lebanese mezze. Find a restaurant that specializes in traditional cuisine, like Le Chef in Gemmayzeh or Em Sherif in Achrafieh, and order a variety of small plates to share. Must-try dishes include hummus, moutabbal (eggplant dip), tabbouleh, fattoush salad, warak enab (stuffed grape leaves), and kebbeh (meatballs). This communal way of eating is central to Lebanese culture.
For a more casual meal, explore the street food scene. A shawarma or falafel sandwich from a popular spot like Barbar in Hamra is a quintessential Beirut experience. For breakfast or a light snack, try man’oushe, a delicious flatbread topped with za’atar (a thyme and sesame mix) or cheese, baked in a wood-fired oven. The city is filled with incredible dining options at every price point, reflecting the Lebanese passion for food.
From Beirut-Rafic Hariri International Airport (BEY), the most straightforward way to get to your hotel is by using a ride-sharing app like Uber or Bolt, or by taking a pre-booked airport taxi from a reputable company. This avoids the need to haggle with drivers. The airport is located about 9 kilometers (5.6 miles) south of the city center, and the journey typically takes 15-30 minutes, though it can be much longer with heavy traffic.
Once you are in the city, many neighborhoods like Gemmayzeh, Mar Mikhael, and Downtown are best explored on foot. This allows you to appreciate the architecture, discover small shops, and soak in the atmosphere. For longer distances between neighborhoods, such as from Hamra to Mar Mikhael, using ride-sharing services is the most efficient method. Public buses exist but can be challenging to navigate for visitors due to a lack of clear routes and schedules.
Item | 1 Pax | 2 Pax | 3 Pax | 4 Pax | 5 Pax |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Accommodation (Mid-Range) | $90 | $90 | $140 | $180 | $220 |
Food & Drinks | $50 | $100 | $150 | $200 | $250 |
Tours & Activities | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 |
Transportation (Airport + City) | $30 | $30 | $40 | $50 | $60 |
Total | $170 | $220 | $330 | $430 | $530 |
Theme: A Journey Through Natural Marvels, Sacred Heights, and Ancient Ports
Today’s itinerary is a classic and essential day trip from Beirut, combining three of Lebanon’s most iconic sights in a single, unforgettable journey north along the coast. The day begins with a descent into the earth at the magnificent Jeita Grotto. This mesmerizing system of interconnected limestone caves is a natural wonder of staggering beauty. A silent boat ride through the lower grotto reveals a subterranean world of ethereal rock formations and crystal-clear water, while a walk through the upper grotto showcases colossal stalactites and stalagmites in cathedral-like chambers.
From the depths of the grotto, you will ascend to spiritual heights. A dramatic cable car ride from the coastal city of Jounieh lifts you up the mountain to Harissa, home to the revered shrine of Our Lady of Lebanon. The colossal bronze statue of the Virgin Mary stands with arms outstretched, offering a sense of peace and breathtaking panoramic views over the Bay of Jounieh and the Mediterranean. The day culminates in the ancient Phoenician port of Byblos (Jbeil), one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world. Here, you can wander through millennia of history, from the Crusader Castle to the charming old souk and picturesque harbor, as the sun sets over the sea.
The best way to experience these three sites is by hiring a private driver for the day or joining a small-group tour from Beirut. This handles all transportation logistics, allowing you to relax and enjoy the sights without the stress of navigating. At Jeita Grotto, the entrance fee includes the cable car ride up to the entrance, a short train ride between the two grottos, and the boat tour in the lower grotto. Note that photography is strictly forbidden inside the caves to protect the delicate formations.
In Harissa, the main activity is taking the “téléphérique” (cable car) from Jounieh up the mountain, which is an experience in itself. Once at the top, you can climb the spiral staircase to the base of the Our Lady of Lebanon statue for the best views. In Byblos, a guided tour of the archaeological site, which includes the Crusader Castle, Roman amphitheater, and Phoenician royal tombs, is highly recommended. Afterwards, get lost in the beautifully restored old souk, perfect for souvenir shopping, and end the day with dinner at one of the charming seafood restaurants overlooking the ancient harbor.
Start your day early to beat the crowds and the traffic heading out of Beirut. The ideal order for this trip is Jeita Grotto first (as it opens in the morning), then Harissa, and finally Byblos for the late afternoon and sunset. This allows you to experience the ancient port in the beautiful golden hour light. Check the opening times for Jeita Grotto in advance, as they can vary by season and may be closed on Mondays. Remember that no cameras or phones are allowed inside the grotto; you will have to leave them in a locker at the entrance.
Hiring a private driver for the day is highly recommended over renting a car for this specific trip. The convenience of being dropped off at the entrance of each site and not having to worry about parking or navigating congested coastal roads is well worth the cost. A typical day tour costs around $100-150 for the car and driver, which can be cost-effective when split among a group. Agree on the price and the full itinerary with the driver before you set off.
Wear comfortable, lightweight clothing and your best walking shoes, as this day involves a lot of sightseeing on foot. For Jeita Grotto, the temperature inside the caves is cool and constant, which can be a refreshing break from the outside heat, but no special clothing is needed. When visiting the shrine at Harissa, it is important to dress modestly. Both men and women should ensure their shoulders and knees are covered. Carrying a light scarf or pashmina is a great idea for women to easily cover up if needed.
In Byblos, the archaeological site is exposed to the sun, so a hat, sunglasses, and sunscreen are essential. The old souk has cobbled streets, so comfortable shoes are again a must. Since you will likely end the day with dinner in Byblos, a smart-casual outfit that is comfortable for walking but also nice enough for a restaurant is the perfect choice for the day.
While there are basic cafes at Jeita and Harissa, the best dining experience of the day is undoubtedly in Byblos. The ancient port is lined with charming seafood restaurants offering stunning views of the harbor and the Mediterranean Sea. These restaurants serve incredibly fresh fish and a full array of Lebanese mezze. Dining here as the sun sets is a truly magical experience. Feniqia and Bab El-Mina are popular choices.
For a more casual and budget-friendly option, you can find numerous smaller restaurants and snack shops within the Byblos old souk serving Lebanese classics like shawarma and falafel. There are also several beautiful cafes perfect for a coffee or a refreshing glass of lemonade. Byblos offers a wide range of culinary options to suit every taste and budget, making it the perfect place to refuel after a long day of exploration.
The most convenient and popular way to do this day trip is by hiring a private car and driver for the day from Beirut. You can arrange this through your hotel or with a reputable local taxi company. This gives you complete flexibility over your schedule. Alternatively, many tour companies in Beirut offer organized small-group tours that follow this exact itinerary, which can be a good option for solo travelers.
While it is technically possible to use a combination of public transport and taxis, it is not recommended as it would be very time-consuming and complicated. For example, you would need to take a bus or service taxi towards Jounieh, then a separate taxi to Jeita, another to the téléphérique, and then another series of taxis to get to Byblos. The cost of all these individual trips might end up being close to the price of a private driver for the day, with much more hassle.
Item | 1 Pax | 2 Pax | 3 Pax | 4 Pax | 5 Pax |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Accommodation (Mid-Range, Beirut) | $90 | $90 | $140 | $180 | $220 |
Food & Drinks | $60 | $120 | $180 | $240 | $300 |
Tours & Activities (Entrances) | $30 | $60 | $90 | $120 | $150 |
Transportation (Private Driver) | $120 | $120 | $140 | $160 | $180 |
Total | $300 | $390 | $550 | $700 | $850 |
Theme: A Deep Dive into the Soul and Story of a Resilient City
After a day exploring the coast, today is about reconnecting with the capital and delving deeper into its rich cultural and historical layers. Your morning begins at the National Museum of Beirut, an essential visit for anyone interested in Lebanon’s ancient past. The museum houses an incredible collection of archaeological artifacts that span millennia, from prehistoric times through the Phoenician, Roman, and Ottoman periods. The beautifully curated exhibits, including the famous Phoenician gilded bronze figurines and intricate Roman mosaics, provide a profound context for the historical sites you have seen and will see throughout the country.
In the afternoon, shift your focus from ancient history to modern art and culture by exploring the elegant neighborhood of Achrafieh. Visit the Sursock Museum, a stunning 19th-century villa that now serves as a modern and contemporary art museum, showcasing the work of Lebanese and international artists. The contrast between the ancient artifacts and contemporary expressions tells the story of Lebanon’s enduring creativity. End your day with a hands-on experience by taking a Lebanese cooking class. This is a wonderful opportunity to learn the secrets behind the delicious cuisine you’ve been enjoying, providing a final, flavorful immersion into the heart of Lebanese culture.
At the National Museum, consider hiring a guide or getting an audio guide to make the most of your visit. The museum’s most poignant exhibit is in the basement, which was sealed off during the civil war to protect its contents and now displays beautifully preserved Roman tombs and mosaics. A visit to the nearby MIM Museum, a private mineral museum, is another world-class option, showcasing a breathtaking collection of over 2000 minerals from around the globe in a stunningly modern display.
The Sursock Museum often has guided tours of its special exhibitions. After your visit, take time to wander through the streets of Achrafieh, admiring the mix of historic villas and modern architecture. For the evening, booking a cooking class is a fantastic interactive activity. Companies like Tawlet or Kitchen Lab offer classes where you can learn to prepare classic mezze dishes like tabbouleh, hummus, and kebbeh under the guidance of local chefs or home cooks. The experience typically culminates in a delicious dinner where you get to enjoy the fruits of your labor.
When visiting museums, always check their opening hours in advance, as they can sometimes close for holidays or private events. Many museums in Beirut are closed on Mondays. The National Museum has a powerful short film about how the collection was saved during the civil war, which is well worth watching before you begin your tour. Photography without flash is usually permitted, but always check the local rules. The Sursock Museum, in particular, is as famous for its stunning architecture and interior design as it is for its art.
Cooking classes are very popular, so it’s essential to book your spot in advance, especially during peak tourist season. These classes offer more than just a recipe; they provide a wonderful insight into Lebanese home life, traditions, and the importance of food in the culture. It’s a social and engaging experience that makes for a perfect final evening in the capital before you venture further afield.
For a day of museum hopping and neighborhood strolling, a smart-casual outfit is ideal. Lightweight trousers, a stylish skirt, or smart jeans paired with a comfortable top will be perfect. The museums are air-conditioned, so you might want to bring a light cardigan or scarf with you. Comfortable yet chic shoes are a must, as you will be on your feet for much of the day, but Beirut’s stylish ambiance will make you want to look your best.
For the cooking class in the evening, wear something comfortable that you don’t mind getting a little messy. Casual trousers and a t-shirt are fine. It’s best to wear flat, closed-toe shoes for safety and comfort while standing and cooking in the kitchen. Since you’ll be enjoying dinner as part of the class, there’s no need to change into a separate evening outfit.
For lunch, the area around the National Museum has several good options. You can find casual cafes and restaurants serving Lebanese and international fare. Alternatively, head to the Badaro neighborhood, which is a short taxi ride away and is known for its wide array of excellent lunch spots and pubs. For a truly unique experience, have lunch at Tawlet, a social enterprise restaurant where a different female cook from a different region of Lebanon prepares a buffet of her local specialties each day.
Your dinner for the day will be the meal you prepare during your cooking class. This is the highlight of the evening, as you get to sit down and enjoy a multi-course, authentic Lebanese feast that you helped create. It’s a wonderful, communal experience, often shared with your fellow classmates and the instructor, providing a delicious and satisfying end to a culturally rich day.
Navigating between the different sites today is best done using ride-sharing apps like Uber or Bolt. The National Museum is located on a major intersection, making it an easy destination for any driver. From there, it’s a short taxi ride to the Sursock Museum in the Achrafieh district. This area is lovely to explore on foot once you arrive.
In the evening, you will take another taxi to the location of your pre-booked cooking class. These are often held in dedicated kitchens in neighborhoods like Mar Mikhael or Gemmayzeh. Using taxis or ride-sharing services allows you to avoid the stress of Beirut’s traffic and the significant challenge of finding parking in these busy areas, making for a much more relaxed and enjoyable day.
Item | 1 Pax | 2 Pax | 3 Pax | 4 Pax | 5 Pax |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Accommodation (Mid-Range, Beirut) | $90 | $90 | $140 | $180 | $220 |
Food & Drinks | $40 | $80 | $120 | $160 | $200 |
Tours & Activities (Museums + Class) | $70 | $140 | $210 | $280 | $350 |
Transportation (City Taxis) | $20 | $20 | $30 | $40 | $50 |
Total | $220 | $330 | $500 | $660 | $820 |
Theme: A Journey to the Bekaa Valley and the Grandeur of Roman and Umayyad Ruins
Prepare to be awestruck as you leave Beirut and travel east into the fertile Bekaa Valley, a region that has been a crossroads of civilizations for millennia. This full-day trip is dedicated to exploring two of Lebanon’s most significant UNESCO World Heritage sites, showcasing the immense power and architectural genius of ancient empires. The journey itself is scenic, crossing the Mount Lebanon range and descending into the expansive, agricultural heartland of the country.
Your main destination is Baalbek, home to some of the largest and most spectacularly well-preserved Roman temples ever built. Standing beneath the colossal columns of the Temple of Jupiter or wandering through the intricately decorated Temple of Bacchus is a humbling experience that transports you back to the height of the Roman Empire. Afterwards, you will visit the nearby site of Anjar. Here, you’ll find the unique and remarkably well-preserved ruins of an 8th-century Umayyad city. Its organized, fortified layout offers a fascinating glimpse into early Islamic urban planning. To complete the Bekaa Valley experience, the day often concludes with a visit to a local winery, such as the famous Château Ksara, for a taste of Lebanon’s celebrated wines.
The most effective way to visit Baalbek and Anjar is with a private driver or as part of a guided tour from Beirut. This is a long day trip, and having an expert handle the driving and navigation allows you to fully appreciate the scenery and the sites. At Baalbek, it is highly recommended to hire a local licensed guide at the entrance. The site is vast, and a guide can bring the history of the temples to life, pointing out details and telling stories that you would otherwise miss. Their knowledge is invaluable for understanding the sheer scale and significance of what you are seeing.
The site of Anjar is smaller and more straightforward to navigate on your own, with clear pathways through the grid-like ruins of palaces, mosques, and markets. The final stop at a winery like Château Ksara is a perfect way to unwind. Most wineries offer guided tours of their vineyards and historic cellars (Ksara’s are ancient Roman caves), followed by a wine tasting session where you can sample a range of their reds, whites, and rosés. This provides a delicious contrast to the day’s historical explorations.
The Bekaa Valley is a sensitive region due to its proximity to the Syrian border. It is crucial to check the latest security advisories before planning a trip here. Traveling with a reputable tour company or a trusted local driver is the most secure way to visit. Do not attempt to drive here on your own without a thorough understanding of the current situation. Stick to the main tourist sites of Baalbek, Anjar, and the major wineries, and avoid straying into unfamiliar areas.
This is a full and tiring day. Start early from Beirut to maximize your time at the sites and to account for potential traffic. The sun in the Bekaa Valley can be very strong and there is little shade at the archaeological sites. Bring ample water, a wide-brimmed hat, sunglasses, and high-SPF sunscreen. Entrance fees to the sites must be paid in cash (either USD or LBP at the market rate), so make sure you have enough with you.
Dress for a long day of walking in a hot and sunny climate. Lightweight, loose-fitting clothing that covers your shoulders and knees is the best choice, both for sun protection and out of respect for the more conservative nature of the Bekaa Valley compared to Beirut. Long trousers or a long skirt and a light, breathable shirt are ideal. Comfortable, sturdy, closed-toe walking shoes are essential, as you will be walking over large, uneven ancient stones.
A sun hat is non-negotiable for this trip. The vast open spaces of Baalbek offer very little shade, and you will be exposed to the sun for long periods. Sunglasses are also a must. There is no specific dress code for the wineries, but the smart-casual attire you wear for the historical sites will be perfectly appropriate.
Most day tours to Baalbek and Anjar will include a stop for a traditional Lebanese lunch at a local restaurant in the Bekaa Valley, often in the town of Zahlé. Zahlé is famous for its “berdawni” restaurants, which are lovely open-air establishments set along a river. Here, you can enjoy a fantastic spread of mezze and grilled meats in a beautiful, shaded setting. This is often a highlight of the day.
Alternatively, some wineries, like Massaya, have excellent restaurants on-site where you can enjoy a meal paired with their wines. This can be a wonderful option if included in your tour. It’s a good idea to pack some snacks and extra water in the car for the long drives between the sites, as there are few places to buy refreshments at the archaeological sites themselves.
Due to the distance from Beirut and the current security considerations, the only recommended way to visit Baalbek and Anjar is by booking a tour with a reputable company or hiring a trusted private driver for the day. This ensures your safety and provides a much more enriching experience. Tour companies are well-versed in the local logistics and will navigate any necessary checkpoints with ease.
The journey from Beirut to Baalbek takes approximately 2-3 hours each way, depending heavily on traffic conditions when leaving and re-entering the city. A private driver or tour will pick you up from your hotel in the morning and drop you off in the evening, handling all the stressful aspects of the journey and allowing you to simply enjoy these magnificent historical treasures.
Item | 1 Pax | 2 Pax | 3 Pax | 4 Pax | 5 Pax |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Accommodation (Overnight in Zahlé) | $80 | $80 | $120 | $160 | $200 |
Food & Drinks | $50 | $100 | $150 | $200 | $250 |
Tours & Activities (Entrances + Wine) | $30 | $60 | $90 | $120 | $150 |
Transportation (Private Driver) | $150 | $150 | $170 | $190 | $210 |
Total | $310 | $390 | $530 | $670 | $810 |
Theme: Sacred Forests, Ancient Monasteries, and Mountain Majesty
Today’s journey is an ascent into the spiritual and natural heart of Lebanon’s mountains. From the Bekaa Valley or a new start from Beirut, you will travel north to a region of breathtaking beauty and profound historical significance. Your destination is the magnificent Qadisha Valley and the legendary Cedars of God forest. The drive itself is spectacular, winding up the Mount Lebanon range and offering ever-more-dramatic views.
Your first stop is the Cedars of God (Horsh Arz el-Rab), a protected forest that contains the last remaining stands of the majestic cedars of Lebanon. These ancient, gnarled trees are a national symbol, mentioned in the Bible and used by civilizations for millennia. Walking among these giants is a deeply moving and serene experience. Afterwards, you will journey into the Qadisha Valley, a UNESCO World Heritage site known as the “Holy Valley.” This rugged, steep-sided gorge has been a refuge for Christian monastic communities for centuries. You will visit ancient monasteries that cling dramatically to the cliffs, such as the Monastery of Saint Anthony of Qozhaya, feeling the deep sense of peace and history that permeates this sacred landscape.
The best way to experience this region is with a private driver who knows the mountain roads well. At the Cedars of God, a well-marked path allows for a peaceful walk through the forest. You can hire a local guide at the entrance for a more in-depth explanation of the trees’ history and significance. Nearby, the town of Bsharri is the birthplace of the famous poet and artist Kahlil Gibran, and a visit to the Gibran Museum, housed in a former monastery, is a must for art and literature lovers.
In the Qadisha Valley, you can visit several monasteries. The Monastery of St. Anthony of Qozhaya is one of the most accessible and features a fascinating museum and an ancient printing press. For the more adventurous, hiking is the best way to truly experience the valley’s beauty. There are numerous trails, including the Qadisha Valley Trail, which connects several of the remote monasteries. A guided hike is recommended to safely navigate the paths and to gain access to some of the smaller, less-visited chapels and hermitages built directly into the rock face.
The weather in the mountains can be significantly different from the coast. Even in summer, it can be much cooler, especially in the evenings, so bring warm layers like a fleece or jacket. In winter, this region is covered in snow and some roads may be impassable, so this trip is best undertaken between spring and autumn. The mountain roads are winding and require careful driving; this is another reason why hiring an experienced local driver is highly advisable.
When visiting the monasteries in the Qadisha Valley, remember that they are active places of worship. Dress modestly, with shoulders and knees covered, as a sign of respect. The valley is a place of deep tranquility, so speak softly and be mindful of the peaceful atmosphere. Bring cash for entrance fees to the museum and for any small purchases in the mountain villages, as credit card facilities will be limited.
Layers are the key to dressing for a day in the Lebanese mountains. Start with a comfortable t-shirt and have a warm fleece or sweater and a windproof/waterproof jacket readily available. The temperature can change quickly with altitude and weather conditions. Long trousers are a practical choice for both hiking and for respectfully visiting monasteries. Sturdy, comfortable walking shoes or hiking boots with good grip are essential, especially if you plan to do any walking or hiking in the Qadisha Valley.
The sun can be strong at high altitudes, so even if it feels cool, be sure to wear sunscreen, a hat, and sunglasses. For those planning a serious hike, proper hiking gear is recommended. For a more casual visit, comfortable trainers will suffice for the walk in the Cedars forest and around the main monastery entrances.
The mountain town of Bsharri and the surrounding villages offer a wonderful opportunity to sample authentic northern Lebanese cuisine. You will find many family-run restaurants serving hearty, traditional mountain food. A popular choice for lunch is a restaurant with a terrace offering spectacular views of the Qadisha Valley. Here you can enjoy a delicious spread of mezze and grilled meats while soaking in the incredible scenery.
Local specialties to look for include “kebbeh Bsharri,” a local version of the famous meatball dish, often prepared with different spices or served raw. Many restaurants also serve fresh trout from the local rivers. For a simpler meal, you can find small bakeries in Bsharri selling man’oushe and other savory pastries. The food here is rustic, flavorful, and deeply connected to the local landscape.
This journey is almost impossible to do via public transport. The only practical options are to rent a car (if you are a very confident driver experienced with mountain roads) or to hire a private driver for the day. Starting from Beirut, the drive to the Cedars takes approximately 2.5-3 hours. If you stayed overnight in the Bekaa Valley, the drive is of a similar duration but on different roads. A private driver is the safest and most relaxing option, allowing you to focus on the stunning scenery.
Your driver will navigate the winding mountain roads and take you between the different sites: the Cedars forest, the Gibran Museum in Bsharri, and down to the viewpoints and accessible monasteries of the Qadisha Valley. Many people choose to stay overnight in Bsharri to fully experience the mountains and avoid a very long day of driving back to Beirut.
Item | 1 Pax | 2 Pax | 3 Pax | 4 Pax | 5 Pax |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Accommodation (Mid-Range, Bsharri) | $70 | $70 | $100 | $140 | $180 |
Food & Drinks | $40 | $80 | $120 | $160 | $200 |
Tours & Activities (Entrances) | $15 | $30 | $45 | $60 | $75 |
Transportation (Private Driver) | $150 | $150 | $170 | $190 | $210 |
Total | $275 | $330 | $435 | $550 | $665 |
Theme: From Crusader Castles and Bustling Souks to a Bohemian Beach Town
Today’s journey takes you from the high mountains down to the vibrant northern coast, exploring two cities with vastly different charms. Your day begins in Tripoli, Lebanon’s second-largest city. Tripoli is a treasure trove of Mamluk architecture, with a rich history that feels more raw and less polished than Beirut. The heart of the city is its labyrinthine medieval souk, a bustling and authentic marketplace filled with the sights, sounds, and smells of daily life. Here, you can wander through narrow alleyways, discover hidden courtyards, and visit historic khans (caravanserais), hammams (bathhouses), and mosques.
Overlooking the city is the massive Citadel of Raymond de Saint-Gilles, a Crusader-era fortress that offers panoramic views of the urban landscape. After immersing yourself in the historic intensity of Tripoli, you will travel south along the coast to the charming and relaxed seaside town of Batroun. Known for its beautiful pebble beaches, crystal-clear water, and laid-back bohemian vibe, Batroun is the perfect antidote to the hustle of the city. Spend the late afternoon strolling through its pretty old town, admiring the ancient Phoenician sea wall, and relaxing at a beachside café before settling in for the night in this coastal gem.
In Tripoli, the best way to explore is to get lost in the old souks. Hiring a local guide for a few hours can be invaluable, as they can help you navigate the maze and show you hidden gems like the Khan Al-Saboun (Soap Market) and the beautiful Taynal Mosque. A visit to the Citadel is a must for its historical significance and the views. Tripoli is also famous for its traditional sweets, so a tour of the local sweet shops to try specialties like “halawet el-jeben” is a delicious cultural experience.
In Batroun, the activities are more relaxed and centered around the sea. Walk along the ancient Phoenician Wall at sunset and visit the picturesque St. Stephen’s Cathedral in the old town. Batroun is also the heart of a burgeoning craft beer and winery scene. A visit to the Colonel Brewery for a beer tasting on their beachfront property is a popular activity. You can also explore the nearby wineries of the Batroun district. In the summer, spending the afternoon at one of the town’s trendy beach clubs is the perfect way to unwind.
Tripoli is a more conservative city than Beirut or Batroun. It is important to dress modestly when exploring the city, especially in the old souks and when visiting religious sites. This means covering shoulders and knees for both men and women. Being mindful and respectful of local customs will ensure a more positive and welcoming experience. The city can feel intense and chaotic, but its people are generally very friendly and welcoming to tourists who show respect for their culture.
Batroun is a very popular weekend destination for people from Beirut, so it can get very crowded on Saturdays and Sundays, especially in the summer. If you can, plan your visit for a weekday to enjoy a more relaxed atmosphere and have an easier time finding parking and a spot at the beach clubs. Don’t leave Batroun without trying its famous fresh lemonade, for which the town is renowned.
For Tripoli, modest dress is essential. Wear loose-fitting long trousers or a long skirt and a top that covers your shoulders. A headscarf is not required for women unless entering a mosque. Comfortable, closed-toe shoes are a must for navigating the uneven streets and crowded alleys of the souk. Given the city’s intensity, dressing conservatively will help you blend in more and feel more comfortable.
When you arrive in Batroun, you can change into more relaxed, beach-appropriate attire. Shorts, t-shirts, and sundresses are perfectly fine here. Pack your swimsuit to be ready for the beach. For the evening, a casual and stylish beach-town look is the norm. The vibe is much more aligned with a Mediterranean resort than with Tripoli’s historic urban center.
Tripoli is a fantastic city for food, especially for sweets and street food. In the souk, you can find delicious savory snacks and pastries. The city is famous for its sweets shops, like Hallab 1881, which is an institution. Here you can try a huge variety of baklava and other Lebanese pastries. For a savory meal, find a local restaurant serving “fatteh,” a traditional Tripolitan breakfast dish.
In Batroun, the dining scene is focused on fresh seafood and trendy international cuisine. The old port area has several excellent fish restaurants. For a more casual experience, the town is filled with great cafes, pizzerias, and burger joints. A visit to Hilmi’s House of Lemonade is a must-do for a refreshing drink. For dinner, consider a restaurant in the old souk or a beachfront spot like Pierre & Friends for a meal with a view.
From the Bsharri/Qadisha Valley area, you will need a private driver for the scenic journey down the mountains to the coast. The drive to Tripoli takes approximately 1.5-2 hours. After exploring Tripoli, it’s another 30-45 minute drive south along the coastal highway to reach Batroun. A private car is the only practical way to cover this route and have the flexibility to explore both cities in one day.
Once in Tripoli, it’s best to have your driver drop you at the Citadel and then arrange to be picked up later at a designated spot near the souk, as driving within the old city is impossible. In Batroun, the old town and port area are very walkable. However, many of the popular beach clubs are spread out along the coast, so you will need your car or a taxi to get to them.
Item | 1 Pax | 2 Pax | 3 Pax | 4 Pax | 5 Pax |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Accommodation (Mid-Range, Batroun) | $100 | $100 | $150 | $200 | $250 |
Food & Drinks | $50 | $100 | $150 | $200 | $250 |
Tours & Activities (Entrances) | $10 | $20 | $30 | $40 | $50 |
Transportation (Private Driver) | $120 | $120 | $140 | $160 | $180 |
Total | $280 | $340 | $470 | $600 | $730 |
Theme: Palaces, Princes, and the Enduring Forests of the Chouf
Today you will journey from the coast into the heart of the beautiful Chouf (or Shouf) Mountains, a region known for its stunning natural landscapes, picturesque villages, and unique Druze culture. This area offers a different perspective on Lebanon, away from the coastal cities, with a tranquil atmosphere and a deep connection to the country’s history. The drive itself is a scenic delight, climbing into the hills and passing through charming stone-built villages.
Your first major destination is the magnificent Beiteddine Palace. This 19th-century masterpiece is a stunning example of Lebanese architecture, with intricate courtyards, beautiful fountains, and elaborate mosaics. A former residence of emirs, it now serves as a museum and the President’s summer residence. Just a short drive away is the charming village of Deir el-Qamar, with its well-preserved historic town square. The day’s exploration culminates with a visit to the Al-Shouf Cedar Nature Reserve, the largest of Lebanon’s cedar forests. Here you can hike among ancient trees, breathe in the fresh mountain air, and enjoy panoramic views of the surrounding valleys.
The best way to explore the Chouf is with a private driver who can navigate the mountain roads. At Beiteddine Palace, you can take your time wandering through the various wings, including the public reception rooms, the private apartments (hammam), and the impressive museum of Byzantine mosaics housed in the former stables. In Deir el-Qamar, a simple walk through the main square to admire the Fakhreddine Mosque, the Fakhreddine II Palace, and the Moussa Castle (a quirky, modern-day castle) is the main activity.
In the Al-Shouf Cedar Nature Reserve, there are several well-marked hiking trails of varying difficulty. You can choose a short, easy loop to see some of the oldest trees, or embark on a longer, more challenging hike for more expansive views. Guided hikes can often be arranged through the reserve’s visitor center, and this is a great way to learn about the unique ecology of the forest and its importance to Lebanon.
The Chouf region is the heartland of Lebanon’s Druze community, a unique religious group. While visitors are very welcome, it’s important to be respectful of the local culture. Dress modestly when walking through villages and visiting public spaces. The people of the Chouf are known for their hospitality, and taking the time to interact with local shopkeepers or guesthouse owners can be a rewarding experience. It is best to visit Beiteddine Palace first, and then the cedar reserve, as the reserve may have earlier closing times.
The roads in the Chouf mountains are narrow and winding. Hiring a local driver who is familiar with the area is the safest and most relaxing way to explore. If you are hiking in the cedar reserve, make sure you have appropriate footwear, water, and sun protection. The altitude is higher here, so the weather can be cooler and change more quickly than on the coast.
For a day exploring the Chouf, layered clothing is the best approach. The weather can be cool in the mountains, even when it’s hot on the coast. A t-shirt, a fleece or sweater, and a light jacket are recommended. Long trousers or a long skirt are appropriate and respectful for visiting the villages and the palace. Sturdy and comfortable walking shoes are essential, especially for walking around the large grounds of the palace and for hiking in the cedar reserve.
A hat and sunglasses are still important for sun protection, as the sun can be strong at higher altitudes. If you are planning a serious hike, you should have proper hiking attire, including hiking boots. For a more casual day of sightseeing, comfortable trainers will be sufficient.
The Chouf mountains offer a wonderful culinary experience, with many restaurants serving delicious, traditional Lebanese food made with fresh, local ingredients. The village of Deir el-Qamar has several excellent restaurants, often with beautiful terraces and views. This is a great place to stop for lunch between visiting the palace and the cedar reserve. Many guesthouses in the region also have fantastic restaurants that are open to non-guests.
Look for restaurants that offer a set mezze menu, which allows you to sample a wide variety of local specialties. The cuisine in the mountains often features heartier dishes, with lots of grains, pulses, and delicious baked goods. It’s a great opportunity to taste a different side of Lebanese cuisine compared to the seafood-focused coast.
Starting from Batroun or Beirut, a private car and driver is the only practical way to explore the Chouf region in a day. The drive from the coast up into the mountains takes approximately 1.5 hours. A driver will be able to navigate the winding mountain roads safely and will know the best routes between Beiteddine Palace, Deir el-Qamar, and the entrances to the Al-Shouf Cedar Nature Reserve.
It is possible to stay overnight in the Chouf, which is highly recommended for a more immersive experience. This allows you to break up the driving and explore the region at a more relaxed pace. From Batroun, you would drive south past Beirut and then head inland into the mountains. From the Chouf, your journey would then continue to the south of Lebanon the next day, or back to Beirut.
Item | 1 Pax | 2 Pax | 3 Pax | 4 Pax | 5 Pax |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Accommodation (Mid-Range, Chouf) | $120 | $120 | $180 | $240 | $280 |
Food & Drinks | $50 | $100 | $150 | $200 | $250 |
Tours & Activities (Entrances) | $15 | $30 | $45 | $60 | $75 |
Transportation (Private Driver) | $130 | $130 | $150 | $170 | $190 |
Total | $315 | $380 | $525 | $670 | $795 |
Theme: Journey to the Ancient Kingdoms of the Sea Lords
On this day, you will travel to the south of Lebanon, a region rich in history but visited by fewer tourists, offering a more off-the-beaten-path experience. Your journey follows the ancient Phoenician coastline to two of its most powerful former city-states: Sidon (Saida) and Tyre (Sour). These cities were once mighty maritime empires, and their historical remains are a testament to their glorious past. Please note that this region is subject to heightened security warnings, and travel here should only be undertaken if official advisories deem it safe.
Your first stop is Sidon, where you can explore the magnificent Sea Castle, a fortress built by the Crusaders in the 13th century on a small island connected to the mainland by a causeway. Afterwards, dive into the atmospheric old souk, a maze of vaulted alleyways, and visit the beautiful Audi Soap Museum. Further south lies Tyre, a UNESCO World Heritage site with two vast archaeological sites. You will explore the Al-Mina site with its impressive Roman colonnaded road and the Al-Bass site, which contains a massive hippodrome, a monumental archway, and an extensive necropolis. The day is a deep dive into the history of the Phoenicians and the many civilizations that followed them.
In Sidon, the main activities are exploring the Sea Castle and wandering through the old souk. The Audi Soap Museum, housed in a beautiful old building, provides a fascinating look into the history of soap-making in the region. A visit to the Khan el-Franj, a well-preserved caravanserai, is also recommended. In Tyre, you will need several hours to explore the two distinct archaeological sites. Hiring a local guide at the entrance can greatly enhance your understanding of the ruins and their history.
After exploring the ruins, you can relax in the charming Christian quarter of Tyre, with its picturesque streets and lovely harbor. Tyre is also known for having one of the cleanest and most beautiful public beaches in Lebanon. A stroll along the corniche or some time relaxing on the sand is a perfect way to end the afternoon before heading back towards Beirut for your final night.
Crucial Safety Note: The south of Lebanon, particularly areas south of the Litani River near the border with Israel, is often under strict travel warnings. The security situation can be volatile and can change rapidly. Before even considering this day trip, you must check the most current travel advisories from your government. If you do go, travel with a reputable and experienced local driver who understands the security landscape. There are numerous Lebanese Army checkpoints in the south, so always have your passport with you.
This is a long day trip from Beirut or the Chouf. Sidon is about an hour’s drive south of Beirut, and Tyre is another 45 minutes further south. Start your day very early to fit everything in. As with other archaeological sites, wear a hat and sunscreen, and bring plenty of water, as there is little shade. Pay entrance fees in cash.
Both Sidon and Tyre are more conservative than Beirut. It is important to dress modestly for the entire day. Both men and women should wear long trousers or skirts and ensure their shoulders are covered. This shows respect for the local culture and will make you feel more comfortable, especially when walking through the souks. A headscarf is not necessary for women, but carrying one is a good idea in case you decide to visit a mosque.
Comfortable, sturdy walking shoes are absolutely essential. You will be doing a great deal of walking through the souks and over the vast, uneven terrain of the Tyre archaeological sites. A sun hat and sunglasses are also non-negotiable for protection against the strong Mediterranean sun.
Sidon is famous for its street food and traditional sweets. In the souk, you can find delicious local specialties. For a quick and authentic lunch, grab a falafel sandwich, which is said to be some of the best in Lebanon. After exploring the city, Tyre is an excellent place for a late seafood lunch. The old Christian quarter, centered around the fishing port, is filled with fantastic seafood restaurants where you can enjoy the fresh catch of the day while looking out over the water. Le Phenicien is a well-regarded option.
The atmosphere in Tyre’s port is wonderfully relaxed. It’s the perfect place to unwind after a long day of historical exploration. Enjoy a leisurely meal of fresh fish, shrimp, and Lebanese mezze before beginning the journey back to Beirut for your final night.
Given the security situation and the numerous checkpoints, the only recommended way for a tourist to visit the south is with a trusted private driver or as part of an organized tour. Do not attempt to drive yourself or take public transport. A local driver will know the roads, the current conditions, and how to navigate the checkpoints smoothly and safely.
The journey from Beirut follows the main coastal highway south. Your driver will take you first to Sidon, wait for you while you explore, and then continue with you to Tyre. At the end of the day, they will drive you back to your hotel in Beirut. This is a full-day excursion, likely lasting 8-10 hours in total.
Item | 1 Pax | 2 Pax | 3 Pax | 4 Pax | 5 Pax |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Accommodation (Mid-Range, Beirut) | $90 | $90 | $140 | $180 | $220 |
Food & Drinks | $50 | $100 | $150 | $200 | $250 |
Tours & Activities (Entrances) | $15 | $30 | $45 | $60 | $75 |
Transportation (Private Driver) | $150 | $150 | $170 | $190 | $210 |
Total | $305 | $370 | $505 | $630 | $755 |
Theme: A Final Farewell and Lasting Memories of a Captivating Land
On your final day in Lebanon, the schedule is relaxed, allowing you to savor the last moments of your journey before heading home. Depending on your flight’s departure time from Beirut-Rafic Hariri International Airport (BEY), you can use the morning for some last-minute souvenir shopping, a final stroll through a favorite neighborhood, or one last taste of delicious Lebanese cuisine. It’s a day for reflection, soaking in the vibrant atmosphere of Beirut one last time.
You could revisit the Downtown area to pick up some high-quality crafts or designer goods, or head to the Hamra district for some last-minute book or music shopping. Alternatively, simply find a charming café in Gemmayzeh, order a strong Lebanese coffee, and watch the city life unfold around you. After these final moments, you will make your way to the airport for your departure, carrying with you the rich memories of ancient ruins, majestic mountains, vibrant cities, and the incredible warmth of the Lebanese people.
Today is less about structured tours and more about personal preference. A great option for souvenir shopping is to visit a dedicated artisan shop like “L’Artisan du Liban,” which offers a wide range of high-quality, authentic Lebanese handicrafts, from ceramics and glassware to textiles and woodwork. This is a great way to find meaningful gifts while supporting local artisans. If you didn’t get enough of the culinary scene, a final visit to a local market to buy spices, olive oil, or za’atar is a great way to bring the flavors of Lebanon home with you.
For a final cultural fix, if you missed it earlier, a quick visit to the Sursock Museum or a walk through the beautiful campus of the American University of Beirut (AUB) can be a lovely way to spend the morning. Otherwise, the best activity might just be a simple, leisurely walk along the Corniche, taking in the view of the Mediterranean Sea one last time.
Plan to arrive at Beirut-Rafic Hariri International Airport (BEY) at least three hours before your flight’s scheduled departure time. The airport can be busy, and the check-in and security procedures can sometimes be slow. Traffic in Beirut can be unpredictable, so always allow extra time for the journey to the airport. It’s better to be early and relaxed than to be stressed and rushing.
Confirm your flight status before you leave your hotel. When packing, be mindful of any liquids (like olive oil or wine) you may have purchased; they will need to go in your checked luggage. Spend your remaining Lebanese Pounds on small items at the airport, or exchange them back if you have a significant amount left.
Dress for your journey home with comfort as the top priority. Choose loose-fitting clothing that is suitable for sitting on an airplane for an extended period. Layers are always a good strategy, as you will be moving from the warm Beirut climate to the controlled environment of the airport and airplane. A comfortable pair of trousers, a t-shirt, and a sweater or light jacket is a practical combination.
Wear comfortable shoes that are easy to remove for security checks. Make sure your travel documents, passport, and any necessary visas are in a secure and easily accessible part of your hand luggage to ensure a smooth check-in and immigration process.
Enjoy one last Lebanese breakfast. Find a local “furn” (bakery) for a final man’oushe straight from the oven, or visit a classic café for “foul medames” (fava bean stew) and coffee. This is your last chance to savor the simple, delicious flavors that are a staple of Lebanese daily life. Many hotels also offer excellent breakfast buffets featuring a mix of local and international options.
If you have time for lunch, you could revisit a favorite restaurant or try one last spot on your list. A quick and delicious shawarma or falafel sandwich is always a great option. The airport has several food and beverage outlets, but the choices and quality will be better and more affordable in the city.
For your final journey to the airport, the most reliable options are ride-sharing apps like Uber or Bolt, or a taxi from a reputable company that you can book through your hotel. This ensures a clear price and a safe journey. The drive from most central Beirut neighborhoods to the airport should take around 15-30 minutes, but you must allow for the possibility of heavy traffic and give yourself a generous time cushion.
If you have a rental car for the duration of your trip, you will drive to the airport and return the vehicle at the designated rental car area before proceeding to your departure terminal. Make sure you know the company’s fuel policy and top up the tank if necessary before you arrive.
Item | 1 Pax | 2 Pax | 3 Pax | 4 Pax | 5 Pax |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Accommodation | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 |
Food & Drinks | $30 | $60 | $90 | $120 | $150 |
Tours & Activities (Souvenirs) | $40 | $80 | $120 | $160 | $200 |
Transportation (Taxi to Airport) | $20 | $20 | $25 | $30 | $35 |
Total | $90 | $160 | $235 | $310 | $385 |
Item | 1 Pax | 2 Pax | 3 Pax | 4 Pax | 5 Pax |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Accommodation | $720 | $720 | $1090 | $1400 | $1750 |
Food & Drinks | $420 | $840 | $1260 | $1680 | $2100 |
Tours & Activities | $170 | $340 | $510 | $680 | $850 |
Transportation | $740 | $740 | $845 | $950 | $1055 |
Grand Total | $2050 | $2640 | $3705 | $4710 | $5755 |
Lebanon’s stunning natural landscapes, from the serene mountains to the Mediterranean coast, make it an emerging destination for yoga and wellness retreats. You can find boutique guesthouses and specialized centers, particularly in the Chouf mountains and around the coastal town of Batroun, that offer programs focused on yoga, meditation, hiking, and healthy, organic local food. These retreats provide a peaceful escape and a wonderful way to connect with Lebanon’s tranquil side, away from the energy of the cities.
Packing for Lebanon requires versatility. For coastal cities like Beirut and Byblos, pack lightweight, stylish clothing; smart-casual is the general tone. For mountain areas like the Cedars or the Chouf, bring layers, including a warm fleece or jacket, as it can get cold even in summer. Modest attire (covering shoulders and knees) is essential for visiting religious sites and for exploring more conservative areas like Tripoli, the Bekaa Valley, and the South. Essential items include comfortable walking shoes, a sun hat, sunglasses, high-SPF sunscreen, and a reusable water bottle. A universal power adapter may be needed.
Shopping in Lebanon can range from bustling, ancient souks to glamorous modern malls. In Beirut, the Beirut Souks in Downtown offer high-end international brands, while the neighborhoods of Mar Mikhael and Gemmayzeh are home to independent boutiques and concept stores. For traditional crafts, look for artisan shops selling handmade soaps, intricate woodwork, and brassware. The old souks of Tripoli, Byblos, and Sidon are perfect for a more authentic shopping experience, where you can find spices, sweets, and local goods. Bargaining is common in the souks.
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