Travel Guide for Latvia

1. Language & Culture

Latvia’s official language is Latvian, a Baltic language with deep Indo-European roots, spoken by the majority of the population. Russian is also widely understood due to historical ties, especially in urban areas and among older generations. English proficiency is increasing, particularly among younger Latvians, and is commonly spoken in major cities and tourist areas.

Latvian culture is rich and diverse, shaped by centuries of Baltic, Germanic, and Russian influences. The country is known for its vibrant folk traditions, including distinctive music, dance, and craftwork. Song and dance festivals, which bring together thousands of participants, are pivotal cultural events and recognized by UNESCO as Intangible Cultural Heritage.

Latvia values its natural environment, reflected in a strong outdoor lifestyle and eco-conscious tourism. Respect for tradition and a connection to nature shape Latvian identity. Visitors will experience a society that balances modern European values with preservation of its unique heritage, including pagan rituals, ancient mythology, and celebrations linked to the seasons.

Architecture in Latvia ranges from the medieval Old Towns of Riga and Cēsis to elegant Art Nouveau buildings and Soviet-era structures. The capital Riga is renowned for its lively cultural scene, museums, theaters, and vibrant cafés that showcase contemporary Latvian creativity alongside tradition.

2. Top Destinations

Latvia boasts a wealth of captivating destinations that offer a blend of natural beauty, history, and modern culture. Riga, the capital, is a UNESCO World Heritage city famous for its stunning Art Nouveau architecture, cobblestone streets, and vibrant markets like the Central Market, one of Europe’s largest.

Jurmala, a picturesque seaside resort town, is famed for its long sandy beaches, pine forests, and charming wooden villas, making it a popular summer retreat. The Gauja National Park, often called the “Switzerland of Latvia,” features lush forests, river valleys, and medieval castles such as Turaida and Cesis, ideal for hiking and adventure tourism.

The historic town of Sigulda offers outdoor activities including bobsledding, cable cars, and stunning views over the Gauja River. Liepaja, known as the “City where the Wind is Born,” offers a lively arts scene and beautiful beaches along the Baltic coast. For cultural immersion, the small towns of Kuldiga and Rundale with their Baroque palace provide unique experiences.

Latvia’s rural countryside is dotted with charming villages, pristine lakes, and nature reserves. Whether exploring ancient hill forts or indulging in spa treatments at seaside resorts, visitors will find an array of memorable destinations reflecting Latvia’s diverse landscape and rich heritage.

3. Festivals & Events

Latvia’s calendar is packed with vibrant festivals celebrating music, culture, and tradition. The Latvian Song and Dance Festival, held every five years in Riga, is a grand event gathering thousands to perform traditional choral and folk dances, a UNESCO-recognized cultural phenomenon.

The Riga Opera Festival, Latvian Beer Festival, and Positivus Music Festival draw both locals and international visitors, showcasing everything from classical music to contemporary rock and electronic genres. The Midsummer celebration, known as Jāņi, is one of Latvia’s most cherished traditions, featuring bonfires, singing, and the wearing of flower crowns.

Other notable events include the Riga City Festival, Staro Rīga Light Festival which illuminates the city with spectacular light installations, and the Winter Festival celebrating Latvian winter customs. Food festivals, craft fairs, and art exhibitions also enrich the cultural landscape year-round.

Visitors planning trips around festivals will experience authentic Latvian hospitality and an immersive cultural atmosphere that highlights the country’s deep-rooted traditions and creative modern spirit.

4. Best Hotels

• Grand Palace Hotel, Riga – Luxury stay in the heart of Old Town with historic charm and modern comforts.
• Neiburgs Hotel, Riga – Boutique hotel with elegant Art Nouveau architecture near central attractions.
• Hotel Jūrmala Spa, Jūrmala – Relaxing spa hotel steps from the beach with excellent wellness facilities.
• Ligatne Park Guest House, Ligatne – Ideal for nature lovers, nestled near Gauja National Park.
• Monika Centrum Hotels, Riga – Budget-friendly hotel with easy access to city center and transport.

5. Local Cuisine

Latvian cuisine reflects the country’s agricultural roots and rich natural resources, emphasizing fresh, seasonal ingredients. Rye bread, a staple, is deeply ingrained in Latvian culture and accompanies most meals. Hearty soups like “skābeņu zupa” (sorrel soup) and “zirņu zupa” (pea soup) are traditional favorites.

Dishes such as grey peas with speck, potato pancakes (kartupelu pankukas), and smoked fish showcase the simplicity and flavor of Latvian food. Dairy products, especially fresh curds and cheeses, are widely consumed. For dessert, try “sklandrausis,” a sweet pie made with carrot and potato filling in a rye crust.

Latvia also boasts a growing modern culinary scene, with chefs incorporating local ingredients into innovative recipes. Popular beverages include Kvass, a fermented bread drink, and Riga Black Balsam, a traditional herbal liqueur. Dining in Latvia offers an authentic taste of the Baltic lifestyle with warm hospitality.

Food markets such as Riga Central Market provide a lively atmosphere to sample local produce and traditional snacks, making cuisine exploration a key highlight for visitors.

6. Transportation

Latvia’s transportation network is efficient and well-connected, facilitating easy travel within the country and to neighboring Baltic states. The capital Riga serves as the central hub with a modern international airport and extensive train and bus services.

Public transport in cities includes buses, trams, and trolleybuses, especially in Riga and Daugavpils, offering affordable travel options. Intercity buses and trains link major towns and tourist sites, with comfortable and timely services.

For more flexibility, car rentals are widely available and allow exploration of rural and coastal areas. Cycling is increasingly popular, with dedicated bike lanes and scenic routes in urban and natural settings.

Taxi services and ride-hailing apps such as Bolt operate reliably in cities. Latvia’s compact size means travel times between destinations are relatively short, enhancing accessibility for tourists.

7. Weather & Climate

8. Back Up Plan and Flight Route

9. Airports, International and Domestic Flight

Latvia’s primary international gateway is Riga International Airport (RIX), located approximately 10 km west of the capital. It offers connections to most major European cities and seasonal flights beyond Europe.

Secondary airports include Liepaja International Airport (LPX) and Ventspils Airport (VNT), primarily serving regional flights and private aviation. Domestic air travel is limited due to Latvia’s small size, with ground transport favored for internal transit.

Airlines such as airBaltic dominate the Latvian skies, providing reliable services across the Baltic region and Europe. The airport facilities are modern, offering amenities including lounges, shops, and car rental services.

10. Safety & Health

Latvia is generally a safe destination for tourists, with low violent crime rates and efficient law enforcement. Normal travel precautions should be observed, such as securing belongings in crowded places and avoiding poorly lit areas at night.

Healthcare facilities in Latvia are of good standard, especially in Riga and major cities. Travelers are advised to have travel insurance and carry any necessary medications. Emergency numbers include 112 for ambulance, police, and fire services.

The country has good vaccination coverage, and there are no mandatory vaccinations for entry, though routine vaccines such as tetanus and hepatitis A are recommended. During winter, be cautious of icy sidewalks and cold weather conditions.

Public health protocols, including COVID-19 measures, may change, so travelers should check current guidelines before their trip. Drinking tap water is generally safe in urban areas.

11. Currency & Costs

12. Housing Rental

13. Cost of Living

14. Shopping & Souvenirs

Latvia offers a rich shopping experience with traditional crafts, local art, and unique souvenirs. Popular items include amber jewelry, crafted by local artisans, which holds historical and cultural significance. Linen textiles, hand-carved wooden items, and ceramics are also widely sought after.

Markets such as Riga Central Market and local craft fairs provide an authentic atmosphere to shop for handmade goods and fresh produce. Traditional Latvian mittens and woolen clothing are practical and beautiful keepsakes.

Food souvenirs like honey, herbal teas, and Riga Black Balsam liqueur are popular among tourists. Modern shopping centers in Riga, such as Galerija Centrs and Spice, offer a blend of international brands and local boutiques.

Visitors looking for unique gifts can explore art galleries and independent shops showcasing contemporary Latvian design, making shopping in Latvia a memorable part of the travel experience.

15. Nightlife & Entertainment

Latvia’s nightlife is vibrant and diverse, offering options for all tastes. Riga, the capital, boasts a lively bar scene with trendy cocktail lounges, craft beer pubs, and nightclubs playing a range of music from electronic dance to jazz.

The Old Town area is a hotspot for both locals and tourists, with cozy taverns and live music venues. Summer months see numerous open-air concerts and festivals, enhancing the entertainment options.

For those seeking cultural experiences, Riga’s theaters and cinemas showcase Latvian and international productions. The city also offers casinos and bowling alleys for leisure activities.

Other cities like Daugavpils and Liepaja feature their own nightlife scenes with clubs, bars, and cultural events, providing a glimpse into local social life beyond the capital.

16. Travel Tips

17. Etiquette & Customs

Latvian etiquette is shaped by traditions emphasizing respect, politeness, and modesty. Greetings often include a firm handshake and direct eye contact. It is customary to address people formally using their titles and surnames unless invited to use first names.

When visiting homes, it is polite to bring a small gift such as flowers or sweets. Removing shoes before entering a Latvian home is common practice. Respect for personal space and quiet conversation is valued.

During public events or festivals, showing appreciation for Latvian songs, dances, and customs by participating respectfully is encouraged. Punctuality is important in business and social meetings.

Latvians value environmental awareness, so visitors should avoid littering and follow recycling practices. Understanding local customs enhances the travel experience and fosters positive interactions.

18. Useful Resources

• Official Latvia Tourism Website
• airBaltic Airlines
• Booking.com – Latvia Hotels
• CDC Travel Health – Latvia
• Lonely Planet – Latvia

19. Basic Language Tips

20. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)