🇩🇿🇹🇳🇲🇦 Maghrebian Mosaic: A 20-Day Journey Through Algeria, Tunisia & Morocco

Your grand Maghrebian adventure begins in Algiers, the vibrant capital of Algeria. Upon arrival at Houari Boumediene Airport (ALG), you will be greeted by a private transfer and taken to your hotel to settle in. This afternoon, you will delve into the city’s ancient heart: the Casbah of Algiers. This UNESCO World Heritage site is a bewildering yet fascinating labyrinth of narrow, winding streets, historic mosques, and Ottoman-era palaces. To truly unlock its secrets and appreciate its layered history, a licensed local guide is essential. You will navigate hidden courtyards, discover artisan workshops, and feel the palpable sense of a bygone era. The Casbah is a living, breathing community, offering a unique opportunity to engage with friendly locals, perhaps over a traditional mint tea, allowing the spirit of this enchanting place to captivate you. The intricate architecture, a blend of Andalusian and Ottoman styles, is a photographer’s dream, offering a new vista at every turn.

Young Travelers: Seek out the vibrant street art scene hidden within the Casbah’s walls and later, enjoy a traditional Algerian meal at a bustling local eatery. Seniors: Opt for a slower-paced tour that focuses on the lower, more accessible parts of the Casbah, with frequent breaks for rest and refreshments at a local cafe. Family: Create a fun “treasure hunt” for the children, tasking them with finding specific architectural details like unique door knockers, colorful tiles, or fountains. With Disability: The Casbah’s steep, narrow, and uneven terrain is extremely challenging. It is crucial to arrange a specialized tour focusing only on the most accessible lower sections, which will require assistance.

Luxury: Arrange for a private guided tour of the Casbah with exclusive access to a beautifully restored Ottoman palace, followed by a private dinner featuring traditional Algerian Chaabi music. Adventure: For a truly different perspective, embark on a guided night tour of the Casbah. The atmospheric lighting and quieted alleys reveal a mysterious and captivating side of this historic quarter. Nature: Escape the city bustle with a visit to the Jardin d’Essai du Hamma. This expansive and historic botanical garden offers a peaceful and verdant retreat with plants from around the globe.

Luxury: Sofitel Algiers Hamma Garden
Mid-Range: Hotel El-Djazair (formerly Saint-George)
Budget: Samir Hotel

Hiring a licensed local guide for the Casbah is not just a recommendation; it’s a necessity for a meaningful visit. Their expertise is invaluable for navigating the labyrinthine streets, providing rich historical context, and ensuring a safe and respectful interaction with the community. A good guide can open doors to experiences you couldn’t find on your own. Always agree on a clear price before the tour begins. Learning a few basic phrases in French or Algerian Arabic, such as “As-salamu alaykum” (hello) and “Shukran” (thank you), will be greatly appreciated by the locals and will significantly enhance your interactions. Be mindful of your belongings in crowded areas and always ask for permission before taking photographs of people. Remember that the Casbah is a residential area, so it’s paramount to be respectful of the residents’ privacy and daily lives by not being loud or intrusive.

Dressing modestly is crucial in Algeria to show respect for the local culture, especially in historic areas like the Casbah. For your exploration, women should opt for loose-fitting, non-revealing clothing, such as long-sleeved tops paired with long skirts or trousers. While a headscarf (hijab) is not mandatory for tourists, carrying a light scarf is a wise idea; it can be used as a sign of respect when entering mosques and offers protection from the sun. Men should wear long trousers and shirts. Comfortable, sturdy, closed-toe walking shoes are an absolute must, as the cobblestone streets of the Casbah are ancient, uneven, and can be steep. Given the strong Algerian sun, a wide-brimmed hat, sunglasses, and high-SPF sunscreen are essential for protection. In the evenings, a light jacket or pashmina is useful as temperatures can drop, particularly along the coast.

For an authentic taste of Algerian cuisine, venture into the heart of the Casbah to find small, family-run restaurants that have been serving locals for generations. Here you can savor traditional dishes like a rich and flavorful couscous, a hearty lamb tagine, or *chorba frik* (a traditional soup with lamb and cracked green wheat). Look for eateries bustling with locals, as this is often the best sign of quality and authenticity. For a more upscale dining experience, consider booking a table at a restaurant within a restored palace, offering panoramic city views and a refined Algerian menu. For a quick and delicious bite, try a *garantita*, a popular street food made from chickpea flour, best eaten hot from the vendor. Don’t miss the opportunity to taste fresh seafood at one of the restaurants near the port. End your meal with a sweet treat like *makroudh* (date-filled semolina pastries) and a glass of refreshing mint tea.

From Houari Boumediene Airport (ALG), the most convenient and stress-free way to reach your hotel in Algiers is by pre-booking a private airport transfer or taking an official airport taxi. Once in the city, the historic Casbah is best explored on foot due to its thousands of narrow, steep, and winding streets that are inaccessible to vehicles. To get to the entrance of the Casbah, you can take a city taxi or use the public transport system, which includes a metro and tramway. Taxis are readily available and relatively inexpensive, but it’s crucial to agree on the fare before starting your journey or ensure the meter is on. If you’re staying in a centrally located hotel, you may be able to walk to the Casbah’s lower entrance. For travelers with mobility challenges, hiring a car with a driver for the day is a good option to get to accessible points around the Casbah and other city sights.

Today’s journey delves into the fascinating duality of Algiers, exploring both its modern European-style boulevards and its profound historical monuments. Begin your day with a visit to the Notre Dame d’Afrique, a stunning basilica perched on a cliff overlooking the Bay of Algiers, offering breathtaking panoramic views. Next, explore the French-built part of the city, with its grand Haussmann-style architecture, bustling cafes, and the iconic Grande Poste (main post office). In the afternoon, immerse yourself in millennia of history at the Bardo National Museum of Prehistory and Ethnography, housed in a beautiful Moorish villa. Conclude your day with a visit to the impressive Martyrs’ Memorial (Maqam Echahid), an imposing monument commemorating Algeria’s war for independence, which offers another spectacular viewpoint of the city. This day offers a deep dive into the city’s diverse cultural and architectural heritage, from its ancient roots to its revolutionary spirit.

Young Travelers: Explore the trendy cafes and independent boutiques along Didouche Mourad Street and enjoy the vibrant local life in the evening. Seniors: Take a ride on the city’s modern tramway for a comfortable and scenic way to see the different neighborhoods without extensive walking. Family: Visit the Jardin d’Essai du Hamma, a vast and beautiful botanical garden that also contains a small zoo, offering a fun and educational experience for all ages. With Disability: The modern parts of Algiers are more accessible, with wider sidewalks and some ramps. Plan museum visits in advance to inquire about accessibility, and use taxis for transport between sites.

Luxury: Enjoy a gourmet dining experience at a restaurant with views of the Mediterranean, followed by a classical music performance at the magnificent Algerian National Theatre. Adventure: Take a local ferry to the nearby historic port town of Tamentfoust, exploring its well-preserved Ottoman fort and gaining a glimpse into the region’s rich maritime past. Nature: For a serious nature excursion, arrange a day trip to Chréa National Park in the Blidean Atlas mountains, known for its majestic cedar forests and as a home to the Barbary macaque.

Luxury: Sheraton Club des Pins Resort
Mid-Range: Hotel Mercure Alger Aéroport
Budget: ST Hotel

When utilizing taxis in Algiers, it’s a common and wise practice to negotiate the fare before you begin your journey or to insist that the driver uses the meter to avoid any potential misunderstandings. For traveling longer distances across the city, the metro and tram systems are both modern, efficient, and highly affordable options. When visiting religious sites like the Notre Dame d’Afrique, remember to dress modestly as a sign of respect; this means covering shoulders and knees for both men and women. Always carry some small denomination bills and coins, as this will be very useful for small purchases, for tipping service staff, and for public restrooms. While French is widely spoken and understood, learning a few key Arabic phrases will be warmly received by locals and will enrich your cultural interactions immensely.

For a day exploring both the modern and historic districts of Algiers, comfortable and versatile clothing is key. In the modern city center, smart casual attire is perfectly appropriate. For men, this could mean chinos or smart trousers and a collared shirt, while women can opt for a stylish dress, or trousers paired with a blouse. When visiting the basilica, ensure your shoulders and knees are covered as a sign of respect. A lightweight scarf is an incredibly useful accessory for women to have on hand for this purpose. Extremely comfortable walking shoes are absolutely essential as you will be doing a significant amount of walking. Don’t forget your sunglasses and a hat to protect yourself from the strong Mediterranean sun, especially when visiting viewpoints like the Martyrs’ Memorial. In the evening, you might want to change into something slightly more formal for dinner.

Algiers offers a wonderfully diverse culinary scene that caters to all tastes. For a taste of modern Algerian cuisine with an innovative twist, seek out restaurants in the upscale Hydra or El Biar neighborhoods, known for their creative dishes and chic ambiance. If you’re craving fresh, locally-sourced seafood, head directly to one of the many excellent restaurants along the port, such as those near La Pêcherie. For a more traditional and authentic experience, find a restaurant within the Casbah that offers a set menu of classic Algerian dishes. For a quick, cheap, and tasty lunch, grab a “casse-croûte” (a generously stuffed baguette sandwich) from a local street-side vendor. Don’t miss the chance to indulge in some delicious Algerian pastries, like *ghribia* (shortbread cookies) or *tcharek* (crescent-shaped pastries), which can be found at any local patisserie.

Getting around the sprawling city of Algiers is relatively easy and affordable. Taxis are abundant and can be hailed on the street. The city also boasts a modern public transportation system, including a metro line and several tramway lines, which are excellent for covering longer distances and avoiding traffic. For a particularly scenic journey along the coast, you can take the suburban train line. To visit Notre Dame d’Afrique, a taxi or a ride-sharing service is the most convenient option as it is located on a prominent hill overlooking the city. Walking is the best way to explore the dense city center and its various neighborhoods at a leisurely pace. If you plan to visit sites located outside the city limits, hiring a car with a driver for the day can be a very practical and comfortable choice.

Embark on a scenic day trip west along the beautiful Algerian coastline to the ancient Roman city of Tipaza, a breathtaking UNESCO World Heritage site. Wander through the remarkably well-preserved ruins of this Punic and Roman town, including the grand amphitheater, ancient temples, and sprawling villas, all dramatically situated beside the turquoise waters of the Mediterranean. The juxtaposition of the Roman ruins against the natural beauty of the coast is truly sublime. After exploring Tipaza, visit the nearby Royal Mausoleum of Mauretania, an impressive pre-Roman tomb shrouded in mystery. On your way back to Algiers, stop at the picturesque fishing village of Cherchell, known for its tranquil harbor and excellent seafood restaurants where you can enjoy a late lunch. This day offers a perfect blend of rich history, fascinating culture, and stunning natural landscapes, providing a refreshing and memorable escape from the city.

Young Travelers: Enjoy a refreshing swim in the Mediterranean at one of the secluded, beautiful beaches near the Tipaza archaeological site. Seniors: Take a leisurely stroll through the main archaeological park, with plenty of opportunities to sit on benches, rest, and enjoy the magnificent sea views. Family: Have a fun family picnic amidst the less-crowded sections of the Roman ruins and let the kids’ imaginations run wild, picturing life in ancient times. With Disability: The main paths in the Tipaza archaeological park are relatively flat and wide, making them accessible. However, some areas can be challenging. It’s best to inquire about guided tours that cater to visitors with mobility issues.

Luxury: Arrange for a private yacht trip along the turquoise coast, with a stop at Tipaza for a personally guided tour with an archaeologist and a gourmet seafood lunch served on board. Adventure: Hike the coastal trails that snake along the cliffs near Tipaza, discovering hidden coves, secluded beaches, and enjoying spectacular, panoramic views of the Mediterranean Sea. Nature: Go for a birdwatching excursion in the surrounding coastal region, as the area’s diverse habitats of sea cliffs and scrubland are home to a wide variety of resident and migratory bird species.

(Returning to your hotel in Algiers)

When visiting the expansive archaeological site of Tipaza, it is highly advisable to arrive early in the morning to avoid the intense midday sun and the largest tourist crowds. Be sure to wear a hat, sunglasses, and apply high-SPF sunscreen, as there is very limited shade among the ancient ruins. Bringing plenty of water with you is absolutely essential to stay hydrated throughout the day of exploration. A good, comfortable pair of walking shoes is crucial for exploring the vast archaeological site comfortably and safely. Consider hiring a licensed local guide at the entrance of the site to gain a much deeper understanding of the rich history and cultural significance of the ruins you are seeing. When dining in the nearby port town of Cherchell, be sure to try the fresh catch of the day at one of the local seafood restaurants for an authentic taste of the region.

For a day trip to the coast and the archaeological site of Tipaza, light, comfortable, and breathable clothing is highly recommended. A long-sleeved linen shirt paired with loose-fitting trousers or a long skirt is an ideal outfit for both sun protection and for maintaining cultural appropriateness. A swimsuit and a quick-dry towel are a must if you plan on taking a dip in the beautiful Mediterranean Sea. A light sweater or a windproof jacket might be useful for the evening or if it gets breezy by the coast, which is common. Do not forget your most comfortable walking shoes for exploring the sprawling and uneven terrain of the ruins. A hat with a wide brim will provide excellent protection from the direct sun. Sunglasses are also absolutely essential to protect your eyes from the bright sunlight that reflects intensely off the sea.

The nearby port town of Cherchell is particularly renowned for its excellent and fresh seafood restaurants. You can enjoy a delicious and memorable lunch of freshly grilled fish, fried calamari, or savory prawns at a local restaurant overlooking the picturesque harbor. Le Dauphin is a popular and well-regarded choice known for its fresh ingredients and friendly, welcoming service. In Tipaza itself, there are a few basic cafes and small restaurants located near the archaeological site where you can grab a simple lunch, a sandwich, or a refreshing drink. For a more scenic and personalized dining experience, you could pack a picnic to enjoy amidst the Roman ruins, offering stunning views of the Mediterranean Sea. On your drive back to Algiers, you might also stop at a local roadside stall to buy some fresh, seasonal fruits and vegetables to enjoy later.

The best and most flexible way to visit both Tipaza and Cherchell on a day trip from Algiers is by hiring a private car with a local driver for the day. This provides you with the complete flexibility to explore at your own pace and make spontaneous stops for photos. Alternatively, you can take a shared taxi (known as a “grand taxi”) from Algiers, which is a more budget-friendly option, though it offers less flexibility. There are also public buses that run between Algiers and Tipaza, but they can be crowded and less comfortable. Once you are in Tipaza, the extensive archaeological site is easily accessible and best explored on foot. If you are part of a pre-booked organized tour, all of your transportation will be arranged for you. The scenic drive itself along the coast is an experience, offering beautiful views.

Take an early morning flight from Algiers to Ghardaïa, the main town in the incredible M’Zab Valley, a UNESCO World Heritage site renowned for its unique Ibadi culture and stunning, preserved architecture. Upon arrival, check into your traditional hotel and begin your exploration. Visit the bustling traditional market of Ghardaïa, a vibrant hub of commerce where you can find local handicrafts, spices, and famous Algerian dates. In the afternoon, explore one of the five fortified towns (ksours) of the valley, such as El-Atteuf, which features a pyramid-shaped mosque and labyrinthine alleys designed for defense and climate control. Learn about the community’s unique social structure, traditions, and their ingenious, ancient methods of water management that have sustained life here for centuries. The minimalist, whitewashed architecture is not only beautiful but also perfectly adapted to the harsh desert climate. An evening walk through the illuminated streets offers a truly magical experience.

Young Travelers: Join a local family for a traditional dinner to learn more about their culture and way of life in an intimate and authentic setting. Seniors: Opt for a guided tour by car to explore the different towns of the M’Zab Valley, with shorter, less strenuous walking segments to the main points of interest. Family: Visit a traditional pottery workshop and let the kids try their hand at making their own creations under the guidance of a local artisan. With Disability: The terrain in the M’Zab Valley can be very challenging. It is crucial to arrange for a specialized tour that provides assistance and focuses on the most accessible areas.

Luxury: Stay in a beautifully restored traditional house (maison d’hôte) within the M’Zab Valley for a truly authentic and immersive luxury experience that respects the local architecture. Adventure: Take a guided camel trek into the surrounding desert landscape to witness a spectacular and unforgettable sunset over the golden sand dunes of the Sahara. Nature: Explore the dense and ancient palm groves of the M’Zab Valley and learn about the “foggara,” the ancient and ingenious irrigation systems that have sustained life in this arid region for centuries.

Luxury: Le Palais des Sables
Mid-Range: Résidence des Deux Palais
Budget: Maison d’hôte Tamazighit

When visiting the M’Zab Valley, it is absolutely essential to be deeply respectful of the local culture and traditions. The Mozabite Ibadi community is conservative, and modest dress is strictly required for all visitors. Women must cover their heads, arms, and legs completely. It is also extremely important to ask for permission before taking photographs of people, and in many areas, photography is forbidden altogether. Hiring a local Mozabite guide is not just recommended, it is mandatory for foreign visitors to enter the towns. This guide will help you navigate the complex social customs and gain a deeper understanding of the region’s unique heritage. Remember that you are a guest in their tightly-knit community. Always act with respect, speak softly, and be mindful of your behavior. Travel to this region requires a specialized visa and must be organized through a registered local travel agency.

Extremely modest attire is mandatory in the M’Zab Valley, and this cannot be overstated. Women travelers are required to wear loose-fitting, non-form-fitting, long-sleeved clothing that covers their entire body, as well as a headscarf that covers their hair completely. A long, flowing dress or an abaya over loose trousers is a good option. Men must also dress conservatively, wearing long trousers (not shorts) and a shirt with sleeves. The sun is incredibly intense in the desert, so a wide-brimmed hat, sunglasses, and high-SPF sunscreen are essential items for your daypack. Comfortable, closed-toe shoes are highly recommended for walking on the sandy and uneven streets of the ancient ksours. In the evenings and early mornings, the desert temperature can drop significantly, so it’s a good idea to have a warm sweater or a light jacket with you.

Ghardaïa offers a taste of authentic and hearty Saharan cuisine. Many of the local guesthouses and hotels offer traditional meals prepared with fresh, local ingredients as part of your stay. Be sure to try a *taguella*, a type of traditional flatbread that is cooked directly in the hot sand and embers, often served with a rich vegetable or meat stew. Couscous, a staple across the country, is particularly delicious here. For a truly unique dining experience, arrange to have dinner with a local family in their home, which your guide can help organize. This will give you the rare opportunity to not only taste delicious, home-cooked food but also to learn about their culture and traditions firsthand. You can also find a few small, simple restaurants in the main market area of Ghardaïa that serve flavorful and affordable local dishes.

The easiest and fastest way to get to Ghardaïa from Algiers is by taking a domestic flight. Air Algérie operates several flights per week, and the flight duration is approximately one and a half hours. Upon arrival at Ghardaïa’s Airport (GHA), you can take a pre-arranged transfer or a taxi to your hotel. To explore the M’Zab Valley and its various fortified towns (ksours), it is mandatory for foreigners to hire a local guide and a car. This is not optional. This will allow you to navigate the area with ease, respect local customs, and gain access to places that are otherwise closed to individual tourists. Your hotel or the local tour agency that arranged your permits will organize your guide and transportation for the duration of your stay in the valley.

Fly from Ghardaïa to the city of Setif, your base for exploring the magnificent Roman city of Djemila, a spectacular UNESCO World Heritage site. Set amidst rolling green hills, Djemila, whose name means “the beautiful one” in Arabic, boasts an impressive collection of incredibly well-preserved Roman ruins, including grand temples, Christian basilicas, triumphal arches, and elaborate, intricate mosaics. Wander through the ancient streets, the forum, the market, and the theatre, and imagine life in this once-thriving and wealthy Roman town. The site also features an outstanding museum that houses a stunning collection of mosaics, providing a vivid glimpse into the artistic achievements, daily life, and mythology of the Roman era. The dramatic mountain setting adds to the unique beauty and profound atmosphere of this incredible archaeological site. A guided tour is highly recommended to appreciate the rich history of Djemila’s many treasures.

Young Travelers: Climb to the top of the hill overlooking the site for a stunning panoramic view of the entire archaeological park and the beautiful surrounding landscape. Seniors: Take a leisurely pace exploring the ruins, with frequent breaks to rest on ancient stones and admire the scenery. The on-site museum offers a comfortable and climate-controlled environment to view the mosaics. Family: Engage the children with exciting stories of Roman gladiators and powerful emperors as you explore the amphitheater, temples, and the grand arches of the city. With Disability: The main paths at Djemila are relatively flat, but some areas and ancient pavements can be challenging to access. It is advisable to contact the site in advance to inquire about accessibility.

Luxury: Arrange for a private, after-hours tour of Djemila with an expert historian, followed by a gourmet dinner at a hotel in Setif with views of the city. Adventure: Hike in the surrounding hills and countryside to discover hidden viewpoints and enjoy the fresh air and natural beauty of this fertile region of Algeria. Nature: Explore the diverse flora and fauna of the nearby Babors mountain range, a fantastic spot for birdwatching and nature walks, especially during the spring migration season.

Luxury: Park Mall Hotel & Conference Center Setif
Mid-Range: Ibis Setif
Budget: Hotel El Khibet

To truly make the most of your visit to the magnificent ruins of Djemila, plan to spend at least half a day exploring this vast and fascinating archaeological site. It is crucial to wear comfortable walking shoes as you will be covering a lot of ground on ancient, uneven stone paths. Remember to bring a hat, sunglasses, and apply high-SPF sunscreen, as there is very little shade available across the open site. A large bottle of water is also absolutely essential to stay hydrated. Hiring a local guide at the site entrance is highly recommended to fully appreciate the deep historical context and the cultural significance of the many ruins. The museum at Djemila is an absolute must-see, so be sure to allocate enough time to admire its truly impressive and world-class mosaic collection before you leave.

Comfortable and practical clothing is absolutely essential for a day spent exploring the expansive ruins of Djemila. Lightweight, breathable fabrics like cotton and linen are ideal for the potentially warm weather you will encounter. Long trousers or a long skirt and a long-sleeved shirt will not only protect you from the sun’s rays but are also respectful of local customs in this more rural area of Algeria. Sturdy walking shoes with good grip and support are a must for navigating the uneven and ancient terrain of the sprawling archaeological site. A hat with a wide brim and a good pair of sunglasses will provide much-needed shade and protection from the sun’s glare. A light jacket or a warm sweater may be useful in the early morning or evening when temperatures can be significantly cooler, especially outside of the summer months.

There are very limited dining options available directly at the Djemila archaeological site, so it’s a very good idea to pack some snacks, sandwiches, and plenty of water for your visit. You can find a few small, basic cafes near the entrance where you might be able to get a simple meal or a refreshing drink. For a wider selection of restaurants and a more substantial meal, it’s best to plan to eat in the nearby city of Setif either before or after your visit to Djemila. Setif has a variety of restaurants offering both traditional Algerian cuisine and more international dishes. You can enjoy a delicious and satisfying meal of couscous, tagine, or grilled meats at one of the many local eateries in the city center. For a quick and affordable option, try a shawarma or a falafel sandwich from a street food vendor.

From Ghardaïa, you will first need to take a domestic flight to the city of Setif. From Setif’s airport or your hotel, Djemila is approximately an hour’s drive away. The most convenient and reliable way to get there is by hiring a taxi for the round trip. You can negotiate a fixed price with the driver that includes a few hours of waiting time while you explore the site. Alternatively, you can look for a shared taxi (grand taxi) heading towards Djemila from Setif, which is a more economical, though less direct, option. If you are part of a pre-organized tour group, all of your transportation will be included. The road to Djemila is scenic, passing through rolling green hills and fertile agricultural landscapes, offering a pleasant journey.

Travel from Setif to Constantine, a city with a spectacular and dramatic setting, perched on a rocky plateau and surrounded by a deep, plunging gorge. Known as the “City of Bridges,” Constantine offers breathtaking views from its numerous suspension bridges that span the Rhumel River gorge far below. Start your exploration by walking across the Sidi M’Cid Bridge, one of the city’s most iconic and vertiginous landmarks. Visit the Emir Abdelkader Mosque, a magnificent and vast example of modern Islamic architecture. Explore the ancient Casbah of Constantine, with its narrow, winding streets and historic Ottoman-era buildings. Don’t miss the Palace of Ahmed Bey, a beautiful Ottoman palace featuring intricately decorated rooms, courtyards, and tilework. In the evening, enjoy a final Algerian dinner at a restaurant with stunning, panoramic views of the illuminated bridges and the gorge, a truly fitting end to your Algerian adventure.

Young Travelers: Take a thrilling cable car ride (the “téléphérique”) across the gorge for absolutely spectacular and unique views of the city and its bridges. Seniors: Enjoy a relaxing walking tour of the city center, focusing on the main squares and boulevards, and take taxis between major sites like the mosque and the palace. Family: Visit the Cirta Museum to learn about the long history of the region and see its impressive collection of Roman and Numidian artifacts, making history fun. With Disability: The city’s terrain is extremely challenging due to the gorge. However, many of the main sights are accessible by car. The cable car is an excellent option for enjoying the views without having to navigate steep streets.

Luxury: Stay at the Constantine Marriott Hotel, which offers luxurious accommodations and unparalleled, sweeping views of the city and the surrounding landscape. Adventure: For those not afraid of heights, walk across all of the city’s major bridges, including the thrilling Salah Bey Viaduct, for different perspectives of the dramatic gorge. Nature: Hike down into parts of the Oued Rhumel gorge (with a local guide) to marvel at the natural beauty of this dramatic landscape from below and see the “Arch of Constantine.”

Luxury: Constantine Marriott Hotel
Mid-Range: Ibis Constantine
Budget: Hotel Cirta

When exploring the unique city of Constantine, be prepared for a substantial amount of walking, which will often include going up and down steep hills and crossing very high bridges. It is essential to wear comfortable shoes and to take your time to truly enjoy the stunning and often dizzying views. The weather in Constantine can be quite unpredictable, so it’s a good idea to bring a light jacket or an umbrella, especially in the spring and autumn seasons. If you have a strong fear of heights, you may want to mentally prepare or avoid walking across some of the higher suspension bridges. The city can get crowded, especially on weekends, so be mindful of your personal belongings. Learning a few basic French phrases will be very helpful for communicating with locals, ordering food, and asking for directions.

For a day of exploring Constantine, comfortable and practical clothing is absolutely key to your enjoyment. Given the city’s incredibly hilly terrain and the necessity of walking across its famous bridges, comfortable, supportive walking shoes are a non-negotiable must. It is best to dress in layers, as the weather can change quickly throughout the day. A light jacket or a sweater is highly recommended, even during the warmer months, as the wind whistling through the gorge can make it feel cooler. As with other parts of Algeria, it is advisable to dress on the conservative side of modest, especially when visiting religious sites such as the grand Emir Abdelkader Mosque. Women should consider wearing long skirts or trousers and a top that covers their shoulders. A scarf can be a useful and versatile accessory.

Constantine offers a wide variety of dining options, from traditional Algerian eateries tucked away in the Casbah to more modern restaurants with grand views. For an authentic taste of the local cuisine, head to the Casbah, where you can find small, family-run restaurants serving regional dishes like *chakhchoukha* (a rich stew served over torn flatbread) and *trida* (a type of pasta). For a more upscale dining experience with panoramic views of the gorge, try one of the restaurants located in the city’s luxury hotels. You can also find numerous cafes and patisseries throughout the city center where you can enjoy a strong cup of coffee and some delicious Algerian sweets. Don’t miss the opportunity to try the local specialty, *jardinière*, a hearty vegetable stew that is often served with tender meat and is a favorite among locals.

The best way to travel from the city of Setif to Constantine is by train or by road. The train journey offers comfortable seating and scenic views of the rolling hills of the Algerian countryside. Alternatively, you can hire a private car or take a shared taxi (grand taxi), which is generally a faster and more direct option. Once you arrive in Constantine, the city center is best explored on foot to truly appreciate its unique topography. Taxis are also readily available for getting around and reaching sites that are further apart. The city’s cable car, or “téléphérique,” is a unique, practical, and thrilling way to cross the gorge while enjoying spectacular views. If you are traveling with a lot of luggage or have mobility issues, a taxi is the most convenient way to get to your hotel.

Fly from Constantine to Tunis, the vibrant capital of Tunisia. After checking into your hotel, dive headfirst into the enchanting world of the Tunis Medina, a UNESCO World Heritage site. Lose yourself in the labyrinthine alleyways, where the scent of spices and perfumes fills the air. Discover hidden mosques, tranquil courtyards, and bustling souks overflowing with colorful ceramics, intricate leather goods, and shimmering lanterns. Visit the magnificent Al-Zaytuna Mosque, the oldest in the city. A local guide will enrich your experience, sharing the history and stories behind the Medina’s ancient walls. As evening descends, enjoy a traditional Tunisian dinner in a beautifully restored courtyard restaurant within the Medina, serenaded by the sounds of live music. This day is a sensory feast, offering a profound introduction to Tunisian culture.

Young Travelers: Seek out the trendy rooftop cafes within the Medina for stunning views and a modern twist on the traditional setting. Seniors: Opt for a guided tour that focuses on the main thoroughfares of the Medina, avoiding the most crowded and narrow alleys. Family: Engage in a fun bargaining experience with the kids at the souks, teaching them about local crafts and the value of goods. With Disability: The main paths of the Medina are generally flat, but the narrow and crowded alleys can be challenging. Consider a tour that utilizes a wheelchair-accessible route.

Luxury: Stay in a luxurious boutique hotel within the Medina, offering a blend of traditional Tunisian architecture and modern comforts. Arrange for a private shopping tour with a local expert. Adventure: Take a cooking class within the Medina to learn the secrets of Tunisian cuisine, from preparing couscous to making harissa. Nature: While Tunis is an urban center, the nearby Lake of Tunis is a haven for birdlife, especially during the winter months.

Luxury: Palais Bayram
Mid-Range: Dar El Jeld Hotel and Spa
Budget: Dar Ben Gacem

When exploring the Tunis Medina, it’s easy to get lost, but that’s part of the fun! However, if you have limited time, a local guide is invaluable. Be prepared to bargain when shopping in the souks; it’s a customary and expected practice. Start by offering about half the asking price and negotiate from there with a friendly and respectful attitude. Keep your valuables secure, as the Medina can be crowded. Dress modestly out of respect for the local culture. Learning a few words of Tunisian Arabic will be warmly received. Don’t be afraid to wander off the main paths to discover hidden gems and authentic local life.

For a day of exploring the Tunis Medina, comfortable and respectful attire is essential. Women should opt for loose-fitting clothing that covers their shoulders and knees. A long skirt or trousers paired with a modest top is a good choice. While a headscarf is not required, it’s a good idea to carry one for visiting mosques. Men should wear long trousers and a shirt. Comfortable walking shoes are a must, as you will be on your feet for most of the day. A hat and sunglasses will provide protection from the sun. In the evening, you might want to dress up a little for dinner, especially if you are dining in a more formal restaurant.

The Tunis Medina is a food lover’s paradise. For an authentic and atmospheric dining experience, head to Dar El Jeld, a renowned restaurant set in a beautiful historic mansion, serving exquisite Tunisian cuisine. For a more casual meal, try one of the many small eateries in the souks, where you can sample local specialties like *brik* (a crispy pastry filled with egg and tuna) or *lablabi* (a hearty chickpea soup). Don’t miss the chance to taste some delicious Tunisian sweets, such as *makroudh* or *baklava*, at a local patisserie. For a refreshing break, stop at a traditional cafe for a glass of mint tea with pine nuts (*thé aux pignons*).

From Tunis-Carthage International Airport (TUN), the easiest way to get to your hotel is by taxi. Taxis are readily available outside the arrivals hall. It’s advisable to agree on the fare with the driver before starting your journey. The Tunis Medina is located in the heart of the city and is best explored on foot. If you are staying outside the Medina, you can take a taxi or the light rail system (métro léger) to get there. Once you are in the Medina, be prepared to walk, as most of the alleys are too narrow for cars. If you have a lot of luggage, your hotel may be able to arrange for a porter to assist you.

Today is a journey through time, art, and stunning beauty. Start your day by exploring the ancient ruins of Carthage, the legendary UNESCO World Heritage site that was once the powerful rival of Rome. Visit key sites like the Antonine Baths, the Roman amphitheater, and the ancient Punic ports, imagining the grandeur of this once-great city. Afterward, head to the enchanting blue-and-white village of Sidi Bou Said, perched on a cliff overlooking the glistening Mediterranean. Wander through its charming cobblestone streets, admire the iconic architecture with its blue doors and windows, and enjoy a refreshing mint tea at the famous Café des Nattes. In the afternoon, immerse yourself in art and history at the world-renowned Bardo National Museum, home to one of the planet’s most impressive collections of Roman mosaics. The intricate and well-preserved mosaics offer a fascinating and vivid glimpse into Roman life, mythology, and artistry.

Young Travelers: Enjoy the bohemian and artistic atmosphere of Sidi Bou Said, exploring its many small art galleries and trendy cafes with sea views. Seniors: Take a guided tour of the Carthage archaeological sites by car to comfortably cover the vast and spread-out locations without excessive walking. Family: Let the kids run around and explore the sprawling ruins of Carthage, sparking their imagination about ancient history, Punic sailors, and Roman gladiators. With Disability: The Bardo Museum is largely accessible with elevators and ramps. For Carthage and Sidi Bou Said, a guided tour with a vehicle is highly recommended to navigate the sites.

Luxury: Enjoy a private tour of Carthage with an expert archaeologist, followed by a gourmet lunch at a high-end seaside restaurant in the picturesque village of Sidi Bou Said. Adventure: Take a sailing trip from the marina in Sidi Bou Said to explore the beautiful coastline and enjoy the stunning scenery of the Bay of Tunis from the water. Nature: Go for a long, leisurely walk along the sandy beach in Carthage, enjoying the fresh sea breeze and the soothing sound of the waves crashing on the shore.

Luxury: La Villa Bleue, Sidi Bou Said
Mid-Range: Dar Said, Sidi Bou Said
Budget: Carthage Thalasso Resort

To comfortably visit Carthage, Sidi Bou Said, and the Bardo Museum in one day, it’s best to hire a taxi for the full day or join an organized tour. This will save you significant time and make it much easier to get between the spread-out sites. When visiting Carthage, wear very comfortable shoes as the various archaeological sites are quite spread out. A hat and sunscreen are also absolutely essential. In Sidi Bou Said, be prepared for large crowds, especially in the afternoon and on weekends. To avoid the busiest times, try to visit early in the morning for a more peaceful experience. At the Bardo Museum, allow at least two to three hours to fully appreciate the vast and truly breathtaking collection of mosaics. Photography is allowed in most areas of the museum, but using a flash is strictly prohibited to protect the ancient artworks.

For a day of exploring historical sites and a picturesque coastal village, wear comfortable and stylish clothing. A lightweight dress or a combination of a top and trousers in breathable fabrics like cotton or linen would be ideal for the Tunisian climate. As you will be doing a lot of walking, comfortable shoes are a non-negotiable must. Sidi Bou Said’s charming cobblestone streets can be uneven, so flat shoes or sandals with good support are highly recommended over heels. A sun hat, sunglasses, and high-SPF sunscreen are essential for protection from the sun, especially at the exposed and sprawling archaeological site of Carthage. A light scarf can be a very useful accessory for covering your shoulders if you feel the sun is too strong or for adding a touch of elegance to your outfit for photos in the beautiful village.

Sidi Bou Said offers a wonderful range of charming restaurants, many with stunning sea views. For a memorable and romantic dining experience, try Au Bon Vieux Temps, known for its traditional Tunisian cuisine and its beautiful, historic setting. For a more casual and fun lunch, grab a *bambalouni* (a hot, freshly made Tunisian donut) from a street vendor while you explore. In Carthage, you can find several good seafood restaurants located near the ancient Punic ports. For a quick bite between sites, there are cafes near the main archaeological areas. At the Bardo Museum, there is a cafe where you can have a light snack or a coffee. In the evening, you can return to the wider selection of restaurants in central Tunis or enjoy a romantic dinner watching the sunset in Sidi Bou Said.

The easiest and most scenic way to visit Carthage and Sidi Bou Said is by taking the TGM train from the Tunis Marine station in the city center. This light rail line connects the city with the beautiful coastal suburbs. You should get off at the “Carthage Hannibal” station for the main archaeological sites, and then continue on the same line to the “Sidi Bou Said” station. The Bardo Museum is not on the TGM line; you will need to take a taxi from the city center to reach it. Alternatively, you can hire a taxi for the entire day. This will give you more flexibility and convenience, especially if you are traveling with a family or have mobility challenges. Many tour operators in Tunis also offer comprehensive day trips that cover all three of these essential sites.

Travel south from Tunis to Kairouan, considered the fourth holiest city in Islam and a UNESCO World Heritage site, serving as Tunisia’s spiritual capital. Explore the magnificent Great Mosque of Kairouan, a masterpiece of Islamic architecture and one of the oldest mosques in Africa. Visit the Aghlabid Basins, an impressive ancient water system that supplied the city for centuries. Wander through the charming walled Medina of Kairouan, known for its skilled artisans, especially its world-famous carpet weavers. In the afternoon, journey to El Jem to witness the colossal Roman amphitheater, one of the largest and best-preserved in the entire world, rivaling the Colosseum in Rome. Stand in the arena and imagine the gladiatorial contests and chariot races that once took place here. Explore the underground chambers where gladiators and wild animals awaited their fate. This day is a powerful combination of spiritual immersion and awe-inspiring Roman history.

Young Travelers: Visit a carpet weaving workshop in Kairouan to learn about this ancient and intricate craft directly from the artisans who practice it. Seniors: Take a relaxing horse-drawn carriage ride (a “calèche”) through the Medina of Kairouan for a comfortable and enjoyable tour of the old city. Family: Let the kids dress up as Roman gladiators (bring your own props!) and have their picture taken in the magnificent amphitheater of El Jem for a fun memory. With Disability: The Great Mosque of Kairouan’s courtyard is accessible. The ground floor of the El Jem amphitheater is also accessible, but the upper levels involve steep stairs. A guided tour can help navigate these sites.

Luxury: Arrange for a private tour of the Great Mosque of Kairouan with a scholar of Islamic art and architecture for a deeper, more academic understanding of the site. Adventure: Climb to the very top tiers of the El Jem amphitheater for breathtaking panoramic views of the surrounding town and the vast Tunisian countryside. Nature: Visit the Sebkhet de Sidi El Hani, a large salt lake near Kairouan, which is an important birding area, especially for flamingos and other waterfowl in winter.

Luxury: La Kasbah Kairouan
Mid-Range: Dar Alouini
Budget: Hotel Sidi Abdelkader

When visiting the Great Mosque of Kairouan, it is a strict requirement that women cover their heads, and both men and women must dress modestly, covering their arms and legs completely. Robes (djellabas) are usually available to borrow at the entrance if your attire is deemed inappropriate. To fully appreciate the rich history and stunning architecture of the mosque, consider hiring a licensed local guide. At the El Jem amphitheater, be sure to explore the fascinating underground passages where gladiators and animals were held before contests. The acoustics in the arena are remarkable, so try clapping your hands to hear the powerful echo. Wear very comfortable and sturdy shoes with good grip, as the ancient stone steps in the amphitheater can be steep, high, and uneven. A hat and sunscreen are absolutely essential for protection from the strong sun.

For a day that includes visiting a holy Islamic site and a vast Roman ruin, respectful and practical clothing is key. When visiting the Great Mosque of Kairouan, women must cover their heads with a scarf and wear loose-fitting clothing that fully covers their arms and legs. Men should wear long trousers and a shirt with sleeves. For exploring the enormous El Jem amphitheater, comfortable clothing and sturdy shoes are absolutely essential for safety and comfort. The sun can be incredibly intense in this part of Tunisia, so a wide-brimmed hat, sunglasses, and high-SPF sunscreen are highly recommended to protect yourself. A light jacket or sweater may be useful in the evening or during the cooler months. It’s always a good idea to have a scarf with you, as it can be used for sun protection or as a head covering when needed.

In Kairouan, you absolutely must try the local specialty, *makroudh*, a delicious date-filled semolina pastry that the city is famous for throughout Tunisia. You can find it in many dedicated bakeries and sweet shops within the historic Medina. For lunch, enjoy a traditional Tunisian meal at a restaurant in the Medina, such as the well-regarded Restaurant Le Flore. In El Jem, there are several basic cafes and restaurants located very close to the amphitheater where you can have a simple lunch or a refreshing drink. For a more authentic experience, you could have a meal at a local eatery in the town of El Jem itself, away from the main tourist area. In the evening, you can enjoy a delicious dinner at your hotel in Kairouan or explore the local dining scene to find other hidden culinary gems.

The best and most comfortable way to travel from Tunis to Kairouan and then on to El Jem is by hiring a private car with a driver for the day. This will give you the complete flexibility to travel at your own pace and make stops along the way. Alternatively, for a more local experience, you can take a louage (a shared, long-distance taxi) from Tunis to Kairouan. From Kairouan, you can then take another louage or a public bus to El Jem. The journey from Tunis to Kairouan takes about two hours, and the drive from Kairouan to El Jem is about an hour and a half. If you are part of a pre-organized tour, all your transportation will be included. The main roads are generally in good condition, making for a relatively comfortable journey.

Travel from Kairouan to Tozeur, a charming desert town and the largest of the northern Sahara oases, serving as the gateway to the great desert. Upon arrival, check into your hotel and explore the lush palm grove of Tozeur, a vast oasis with hundreds of thousands of date palms creating a magical, green canopy. Take a traditional horse-drawn carriage ride through the oasis to learn about its intricate irrigation system and the cultivation of the famous “Deglet Nour” dates. In the afternoon, venture by 4×4 into the desert to visit the surreal landscapes of Ong Jmal (“the neck of the camel”), famous as a primary filming location for the Star Wars movies. See the iconic, abandoned set of Mos Espa and feel like you’ve been transported to another planet. As the sun begins its descent, witness the magical, changing colors of the desert sky over this cinematic landscape. This day offers a unique blend of natural beauty, agricultural wonder, and cinematic fantasy.

Young Travelers: Go on a thrilling 4×4 desert safari to explore the vast sand dunes and the shimmering, otherworldly Chott el Djerid salt flats. Seniors: Enjoy a relaxing afternoon at a traditional hammam (Turkish bath) in the old town of Tozeur to unwind after your journey. Family: Take a fun and memorable camel ride through the shady paths of the palm grove, an experience the whole family will enjoy. With Disability: The palm grove is accessible by horse-drawn carriage. The Star Wars sets are located in the deep desert and can only be accessed by a 4×4 vehicle, which may be challenging.

Luxury: Stay at the Anantara Tozeur Resort, a stunning and luxurious oasis retreat offering incredible desert views, private villas, and world-class amenities. Adventure: Try sandboarding on the high desert dunes for an adrenaline-pumping and exciting experience in the Sahara. Nature: Visit the Eden Palm, an interesting eco-museum dedicated to the date palm, to learn about the immense importance of this tree to the region’s history, culture, and economy.

Luxury: Anantara Tozeur Resort
Mid-Range: Dar Hi Life
Budget: Résidence El Arich

The desert climate can be extreme, with very hot days and surprisingly cool nights. It is essential to dress in layers and bring a warm jacket or fleece for the evenings and early mornings. High-SPF sunscreen, a wide-brimmed hat, and good quality sunglasses are absolutely essential. Drink plenty of water throughout the day to stay properly hydrated; do not wait until you feel thirsty. When visiting the Star Wars sets, it is best to go with a licensed local guide who knows the desert area well. The desert landscape can be disorienting, and it is very easy to get lost. A reliable 4×4 vehicle is necessary to reach the sets. You can bargain with the driver for the price of the excursion. If you are a Star Wars fan, this is an unforgettable pilgrimage you will not want to miss.

In the desert, it is very important to wear light-colored, loose-fitting clothing made from natural, breathable fabrics like cotton or linen. This will help you stay cool and comfortable during the hot daytime hours. Long sleeves and long trousers will protect your skin from the intense sun and from any blowing sand. A wide-brimmed hat is an essential piece of gear. Sunglasses will protect your eyes from the bright sun and dust. Closed-toe shoes, like trainers or light walking boots, are recommended to protect your feet from the hot sand and any thorny desert plants. In the evening, the temperature in the desert can drop significantly, so be sure to bring a warm fleece, a sweater, or a jacket. A scarf or a traditional Berber shemagh can be very useful for protecting your face from the sun and sand.

Tozeur has a good selection of restaurants that offer traditional Tunisian and regional cuisine. Many hotels have their own reputable restaurants, which are a convenient and reliable option for dinner. In the town’s old quarter, Ouled el Hadef, you can find local eateries serving dishes like couscous, tagine, and delicious grilled meats. Be sure to try the local dates, which are considered some of the best in the world and are a major part of the local economy. For a unique dining experience, you can arrange for a traditional Bedouin dinner out in the desert, often under a blanket of stars. This experience typically includes live music and storytelling. For lunch, you can have a picnic in the cool shade of the palm grove or a simple meal at a cafe in town.

The most convenient way to travel the long distance from Kairouan to Tozeur is by hiring a private car or taking a louage. The journey takes several hours across the central Tunisian plains, so it’s best to start early in the morning. Once in Tozeur, you can explore the town and the vast palm grove on foot or by a relaxing horse-drawn carriage. To visit the Star Wars sets and other desert locations like the mountain oases, you will need to hire a 4×4 vehicle with an experienced local driver. You can arrange this through your hotel or with a local tour operator in town. It’s a good idea to book this excursion in advance, especially during the peak tourist season. Tozeur also has a domestic airport with flights to and from Tunis, which is a faster option if you are short on time.

Embark on an unforgettable Sahara expedition from Tozeur. Travel by 4×4 across the vast and shimmering expanse of Chott el Djerid, a mesmerizing salt lake that creates stunning mirages under the desert sun. Continue your journey to the incredible mountain oases of Chebika, Tamerza, and Mides, hidden gems nestled in the rugged Atlas Mountains near the Algerian border. Hike through the dramatic canyons of Chebika to discover a hidden waterfall, a refreshing and magical reward in the arid landscape. In Tamerza, explore the abandoned old village and enjoy the stunning views of the surrounding mountains. Visit Mides, perched on the edge of a spectacular canyon that was also featured in films. The contrast between the barren desert and the lush green of these oases is truly remarkable. For the ultimate experience, opt for a magical overnight stay in a traditional Berber desert camp, complete with a campfire dinner, traditional music, and unparalleled stargazing in the clear desert sky.

Young Travelers: Go for a thrilling quad biking adventure across the smaller sand dunes for an exhilarating and fast-paced desert experience. Seniors: Enjoy a leisurely walk through the lower paths of the mountain oases, taking in the beautiful scenery at a relaxed pace without strenuous hiking. Family: Swim in the cool, natural rock pools at the Chebika waterfall and have a fun family picnic in the shade of the palm trees. With Disability: The mountain oases have some paved paths, but the terrain is often uneven and involves stairs. A 4×4 vehicle is necessary to reach the oases. A guided tour can assist with navigating the sites.

Luxury: Spend the night in a luxury desert camp featuring private, spacious tents with en-suite bathrooms, gourmet dining, and personalized service under the stars. Adventure: Go for a challenging hike deep into the mountains with a local guide, exploring remote canyons, hidden springs, and ancient Berber villages off the main tourist track. Nature: Discover the unique flora and fauna of the mountain oases, which create a unique microclimate that stands in stark contrast to the surrounding arid desert landscape.

Luxury Desert Camp: Camp Mars
Mid-Range Guesthouse: Dar Hi Life (in Nefta, near Tozeur)
Budget Camp: Saharan Sky

A Sahara expedition requires some essential preparation. Always inform your family or friends about your detailed itinerary before you go. Pack a small first-aid kit with any personal medications, blister plasters, and antiseptic wipes. Bring a fully charged power bank to charge your electronic devices, as electricity is often limited or unavailable in desert camps. Respect the fragile desert environment by not leaving any trash behind; what you pack in, you must pack out. When hiking in the mountain oases, wear sturdy shoes and always be aware of your surroundings and footing on uneven paths. Listen to your guide’s instructions carefully at all times; their knowledge is crucial for your safety. The desert can be a powerful and transformative place, so embrace the experience and enjoy the profound silence and solitude it offers.

For your Sahara expedition, wear comfortable and practical clothing that you don’t mind getting dusty or dirty. Lightweight, long-sleeved shirts and trousers will protect you from the sun, sand, and insects. A scarf or a traditional Berber shemagh is an essential item for protecting your face and neck from the sun and any blowing sand. Sturdy hiking shoes or walking boots are highly recommended for the rocky and uneven terrain in the mountain oases. A warm jacket or a fleece is absolutely necessary for the cold desert nights, which can be surprisingly chilly even after a hot day. Don’t forget your hat, sunglasses, and high-SPF sunscreen. If you plan on swimming in the waterfall at Chebika, bring a swimsuit and a small towel. A headlamp can be very useful at the desert camp after dark.

Meals are usually included as part of a pre-booked Sahara expedition package. At the desert camp, you will typically enjoy a traditional Berber dinner, often cooked slowly over an open fire. This may include dishes like couscous, a hearty stew known as a tagine, and grilled meats, all enjoyed under the stars. Breakfast is also typically provided in the morning. During the day trip to the oases, you will likely have a picnic lunch at a scenic spot or a simple but delicious meal at a local eatery in one of the oasis villages. It is still a very good idea to bring some of your own snacks (like nuts or energy bars) and plenty of water with you for the journey. If you have any specific dietary restrictions, be sure to inform your tour operator well in advance so they can make the necessary arrangements.

A Sahara expedition to the mountain oases must be done with a reputable tour operator and a proper 4×4 vehicle with an experienced driver. You can arrange this tour from the town of Tozeur. It’s very important to choose a reliable company with experienced drivers and guides who know the desert terrain and routes well. You can book a private tour for a more personalized experience or join a small group tour. The tour will typically include all transportation, accommodation (at a desert camp or a hotel in a nearby town), most meals, and a guide. Be sure to clarify exactly what is included in the price before you book your trip. A Sahara expedition is an adventure of a lifetime, so choose your operator wisely to ensure a safe, enjoyable, and memorable experience.

Travel from the desert region towards the unique village of Matmata, famous for its incredible underground “troglodyte” houses. Visit a traditional Berber home, built by digging a large pit and then burrowing rooms into the soft rock walls, and learn about this fascinating way of life, which has been ingeniously adapted to the harsh desert climate for centuries. Some of these homes were famously used as a filming location for the original Star Wars movie (Luke Skywalker’s home). Afterward, continue your journey east to the enchanting island of Djerba, known for its beautiful sandy beaches, whitewashed villages with blue trim, and distinctly relaxed atmosphere. Check into your hotel and spend the afternoon exploring Houmt Souk, the island’s main town, with its lively market, artisan workshops, and picturesque fishing harbor. In the evening, enjoy a delicious fresh seafood dinner at a restaurant overlooking the calm Mediterranean Sea.

Young Travelers: Try kitesurfing or windsurfing at one of the dedicated water sports centers on Djerba’s many beautiful and breezy beaches. Seniors: Take a leisurely stroll through the charming streets of Houmt Souk and enjoy a cup of coffee or mint tea at a local cafe while people-watching. Family: Visit the Djerba Explore Park, which includes a popular crocodile farm, a museum of local heritage (the Lalla Hadria Museum), and a recreated traditional village. With Disability: Djerba is relatively flat and generally accessible. Many larger hotels have facilities for guests with disabilities. The main town of Houmt Souk is easy to navigate.

Luxury: Stay at a luxurious beachfront resort in Djerba’s “Zone Touristique,” complete with a private beach, a world-class thalassotherapy spa, and gourmet restaurants. Adventure: Go for a magical horseback ride along the beach at sunset, a truly romantic and unforgettable experience on the island. Nature: Visit the El Ghriba Synagogue, one of the oldest and most important synagogues in the world, and learn about the long and fascinating history of the Jewish community in Djerba.

Luxury: Hasdrubal Prestige Thalassa & Spa Djerba
Mid-Range: Djerba Plaza Thalasso & Spa
Budget: Le Moulin

When visiting a troglodyte home in the village of Matmata, it is considered a customary and polite gesture to bring a small gift for the family who welcomes you into their home. Items such as sugar, tea, cookies, or school supplies for the children are always appreciated and serve as a sign of respect and gratitude for their hospitality. Be sure to always ask for permission before taking photographs inside their private home. On the island of Djerba, you can easily rent a scooter or a bicycle to explore the island’s flat roads at your own pace. It’s a pleasant and fun way to get around. When shopping in the souk of Houmt Souk, remember that friendly bargaining for prices is expected. Don’t forget to look for the local pottery from the village of Guellala, which is a famous specialty of the island.

For your visit to the conservative village of Matmata, wear comfortable and respectful clothing. Loose-fitting trousers and a long-sleeved shirt are appropriate for both men and women. On the island of Djerba, which is a major tourist destination, you can dress more casually, especially within the beach resorts. However, when visiting towns, villages, and religious sites, it is still advisable to dress modestly. A swimsuit, a cover-up, and flip-flops are essential for the beach. A hat, sunglasses, and sunscreen are absolute musts. In the evening, a light jacket or sweater may be needed, as it can get breezy by the sea. If you plan to visit the El Ghriba synagogue, women should ensure their shoulders and knees are covered, and a head covering may be required. It is always best to carry a scarf for such occasions.

The island of Djerba is a fantastic place for seafood lovers. Enjoy incredibly fresh fish, calamari, and prawns at one of the many excellent restaurants in Houmt Souk or along the beachfront. Le Petit Crustacé is a very popular choice, well-known for its delicious and generous seafood platters. For a taste of traditional Djerbian cuisine, you must try a dish called *riz djerbien*, a flavorful rice dish that is steamed with vegetables, spices, and either meat or fish. You can also find many restaurants serving international cuisine, especially in the main tourist areas. For a quick and tasty local snack, try a *fricassé*, a fried sandwich roll filled with tuna, potatoes, olives, and spicy harissa. Don’t miss the chance to taste the local olive oil, which is renowned throughout Tunisia for its high quality and distinct flavor.

The best way to travel from the Tozeur/Douz desert region to Matmata and then on to Djerba is by hiring a private car or taking a louage. The journey offers varied and interesting landscapes, from the arid desert to the coastal plains. To get onto the island of Djerba, you will take a short and scenic car ferry ride from the mainland at Jorf. Once on the island, you can get around easily by taxi, rental car, or scooter. Taxis are a convenient option for short distances. Renting a car or scooter will give you more freedom and flexibility to explore the island’s many hidden corners, remote beaches, and small villages. Many hotels on the island can assist you with arranging transportation. Djerba also has an international airport with flights to and from Tunis and several European cities.

Spend your last morning in Tunisia enjoying the tranquil beauty and relaxed pace of Djerba. Relax on the warm sand of the beach, take a final refreshing swim in the calm Mediterranean Sea, or do some last-minute souvenir shopping for local pottery or textiles in the bustling souk of Houmt Souk. You could also visit the traditional village of Guellala, the island’s pottery capital, and watch the skilled artisans at work in their workshops. In the afternoon, head to Djerba-Zarzis International Airport (DJE) for your flight to Marrakech, Morocco. This flight will almost certainly involve a connecting flight in Tunis or another major European city like Paris or Rome. This day serves as a transition day, allowing you to relax and reflect on your incredible Tunisian adventures before embarking on the final, exciting leg of your grand Maghrebian journey.

Young Travelers: Enjoy a final beach party atmosphere or a relaxed evening at a beachfront bar with music before your flight. Seniors: Indulge in a relaxing and rejuvenating spa treatment or a thalassotherapy session at your hotel, a specialty of the island. Family: Build magnificent sandcastles on the beach and enjoy some quality family time together before heading to the airport. With Disability: Enjoy the accessible facilities at your resort hotel, such as the swimming pool or the private beach area, before your transfer to the airport.

Luxury: Enjoy a private yoga or meditation session on the beach at sunrise, followed by a healthy and delicious gourmet breakfast at your resort. Adventure: Take a final boat trip to explore the coast of Djerba, perhaps to the “Isle of Pink Flamingos” (Ras Rmel peninsula) to spot some birdlife. Nature: Visit the Ras Rmel peninsula, a protected wetland area and a fantastic spot for birdwatching, especially for its namesake flamingos during the migratory season.

N/A (Departure Day)

When flying from Djerba to Marrakech, be sure to check your baggage allowance and any current travel restrictions for both Tunisia and Morocco. It’s a good idea to arrive at the airport at least two to three hours before your international flight. Have all your necessary travel documents, including your passport and your visa for Morocco (if required for your nationality), easily accessible. You will need to exchange any remaining Tunisian Dinars before you leave the country, as it is a closed currency and cannot be exchanged abroad; you can do this at the airport exchange counter. Be prepared for a long travel day, as the flight to Marrakech will almost certainly involve a layover. Pack some snacks, a good book, or download some music or podcasts to keep you entertained during your journey.

For your long travel day, it is essential to wear comfortable and loose-fitting clothing. A pair of comfortable trousers, joggers, or leggings and a t-shirt or a light sweater is an ideal choice for a multi-leg flight. Wear shoes that are easy to take off and put back on at airport security checkpoints. It’s always a good idea to have a light jacket, a shawl, or a travel blanket with you, as airplane cabins can often get cold during the flight. If you plan to spend the morning at the beach, have your swimsuit and a change of clothes readily accessible in your carry-on or at the top of your suitcase. Pack all your travel essentials in your carry-on bag, including your passport, wallet, phone, chargers, and any medications you may need.

Enjoy a final, leisurely Tunisian breakfast at your hotel or at a local cafe in Houmt Souk. You can have a light lunch or snack at the Djerba airport before your flight, though options may be limited. It’s always a good idea to have some of your own snacks with you for the journey, such as fruit, nuts, or granola bars. Once you finally arrive in Marrakech after your long journey, you can look forward to a delicious and aromatic Moroccan dinner to welcome you to the country. Moroccan cuisine is world-renowned for its rich flavors and aromatic spices, so you’re in for a culinary treat. You can ask your riad or hotel in Marrakech for recommendations on where to eat for your first night in Morocco.

From your hotel in Djerba, you will need to take a taxi to Djerba-Zarzis International Airport (DJE). It’s best to book a taxi in advance through your hotel, especially if you have an early or late flight, to ensure availability and a fair price. Your flight to Marrakech (RAK) will most likely have a layover in Tunis (TUN) or a major European city. There are typically no direct flights between DJE and RAK. Upon arrival at Marrakech-Menara Airport, you can take an official airport taxi to your hotel or riad. The taxi rank is located just outside the arrivals hall. It’s advisable to go to the official kiosk to get a fixed-price ticket or to agree on the fare before getting into the taxi. Many hotels and riads in Marrakech also offer pre-booked airport transfer services, which can be a very convenient and stress-free option after a long day of travel.

Arrive at Marrakech-Menara Airport (RAK), where you’ll be transferred to your riad, a traditional Moroccan house with a serene interior courtyard, hidden within the ancient Medina. After settling in, dive into the intoxicating, chaotic energy of Marrakech’s main square, Djemaa el-Fna. By day, it’s a bustling marketplace with snake charmers, monkey handlers, water sellers, and henna tattoo artists vying for your attention. As dusk falls, the square magically transforms into a massive open-air restaurant, with dozens of food stalls emerging, sending plumes of fragrant smoke into the air. The atmosphere fills with the sounds of Gnaoua musicians, Berber storytellers, and the constant chatter of the crowds. It’s a true sensory overload in the best possible way. Find a seat at one of the many rooftop cafes overlooking the square to take in the full, magnificent spectacle from a more relaxed and strategic vantage point. This is the heart and soul of Marrakech.

Young Travelers: Get an intricate henna tattoo from one of the artists in the square and be brave enough to try some of the more adventurous street food, like snail soup or sheep’s head. Seniors: Enjoy the incredible spectacle of Djemaa el-Fna from the comfort of a rooftop cafe, sipping on mint tea and enjoying the panoramic views without the intense crowds. Family: Let the kids be entertained by the snake charmers and storytellers, but be sure to keep a very close eye on them in the dense crowds and establish a meeting point. With Disability: The square is flat and accessible, but can be extremely crowded and overwhelming. A rooftop cafe offers an excellent alternative for experiencing the vibrant atmosphere without being in the midst of the throng.

Luxury: Arrange for a private dinner at a luxurious riad on the edge of the square, featuring a traditional Moroccan music and dance performance for your entertainment. Adventure: Take a guided food tour of Djemaa el-Fna with a knowledgeable local guide to safely sample the best and most authentic street food the square has to offer. Nature: While Marrakech is a bustling urban center, the nearby Palmeraie, a vast palm grove just outside the city, offers a peaceful escape where you can take a traditional camel ride at sunset.

Luxury: La Mamounia
Mid-Range: Riad Kniza
Budget: Riad Omar

Djemaa el-Fna can be incredibly overwhelming for first-time visitors. Be prepared for crowds, constant noise, and a persistent buzz of activity. Keep your belongings very secure and be aware of your surroundings at all times. The street performers, such as snake charmers and monkey handlers, will expect a tip if you take their picture or even watch for too long; it’s best to agree on a price beforehand to avoid any disputes. When eating at the food stalls, choose one that is busy and popular with locals, as this is usually a good sign of quality and freshness. Don’t be afraid to try new things, but if you have a sensitive stomach, you may want to stick to well-cooked foods. A rooftop cafe is a fantastic way to escape the intense crowds on the ground level while still soaking in the unique atmosphere from above.

In Marrakech, it’s advisable for travelers to dress modestly, especially when visiting the Medina and religious sites. Women should opt for loose-fitting clothing that covers their shoulders and knees. A long skirt, loose trousers, or a maxi dress are excellent choices. A scarf can be very useful for covering your head if you choose to enter a religious building, or simply for added sun protection. Men should wear long trousers or long shorts and shirts. Comfortable walking shoes are absolutely essential, as you’ll be doing a lot of walking on uneven surfaces. In the evening, you might want to dress up a bit for dinner, especially if you are dining at a nice restaurant or a chic riad. The sun in Morocco is very strong, so a hat and sunglasses are highly recommended to protect yourself throughout the day.

Djemaa el-Fna is a true food lover’s dream, especially after dark. The food stalls offer a huge variety of Moroccan street food, from grilled meats like merguez sausage and kebabs to flavorful tagines and even adventurous options like snail soup. Stall number 14 is famous for its merguez, while others are known for their fish and chips. For a more formal, sit-down dining experience, there are many excellent restaurants in the surrounding area. Le Foundouk offers a chic rooftop setting and a menu of both Moroccan and international dishes. For a truly authentic experience, consider dining at your riad; many offer delicious, home-cooked Moroccan meals in a beautiful and intimate setting. Don’t forget to try the freshly squeezed orange juice sold at the numerous carts in the square; it’s refreshing, delicious, and cheap.

From Marrakech-Menara Airport (RAK), the easiest way to get to your riad in the Medina is by taxi. It’s best to go to the official taxi kiosk inside the airport to get a fixed-price ticket, or to agree on the fare with the driver before you get in the car. Many riads also offer pre-booked airport transfer services, which can be very helpful as they will guide you to their door. Once you are in the Medina, the best way to get around is on foot. The narrow, winding streets are pedestrian-only and not accessible to cars. If you are staying outside the Medina in neighborhoods like Gueliz, you can take a “petit taxi” (small taxi) to get to Djemaa el-Fna. Be sure to ask the driver to use the meter or agree on the price beforehand.

Get ready for a day of sensory delights as you explore the very best of Marrakech’s historical and cultural treasures. Begin your day by diving deep into the labyrinthine souks of the Medina, a true shopper’s paradise. Get lost in the maze of alleyways, where you’ll find everything from colorful mountains of spices and handmade babouches (leather slippers) to intricate metal lanterns and hand-woven Berber carpets. In the afternoon, visit the Bahia Palace, a stunning 19th-century masterpiece of Moroccan architecture and craftsmanship, with its beautiful courtyards, painted ceilings, and intricate zellij tilework. Afterward, explore the Saadian Tombs, the final resting place of the Saadian dynasty, which were sealed for centuries before being rediscovered in 1917. End your day with a visit to the serene Jardin Majorelle, a beautiful botanical garden that was once owned and lovingly restored by fashion designer Yves Saint Laurent. The garden’s vibrant Majorelle blue accents and exotic plant collection provide a peaceful respite from the hustle and bustle of the city.

Young Travelers: Take a Moroccan cooking class in a local riad to learn how to prepare traditional and delicious dishes like tagine and various Moroccan salads. Seniors: Enjoy a horse-drawn carriage ride (known as a “calèche”) to explore the city’s main landmarks in a comfortable, traditional, and relaxed way. Family: Visit the iconic Koutoubia Mosque (viewing from the outside only for non-Muslims) and let the kids run around and play in the surrounding public gardens. With Disability: The Jardin Majorelle is largely accessible with smooth pathways. The Bahia Palace has some accessible areas, but other parts may be challenging. The souks are very difficult to navigate with a wheelchair due to crowds and narrow alleys.

Luxury: Indulge in a traditional Moroccan hammam (steam bath) and a relaxing argan oil massage at a luxurious and tranquil spa within a high-end riad. Adventure: Take a thrilling hot air balloon ride over the foothills of the Atlas Mountains at sunrise for absolutely breathtaking and unforgettable panoramic views. Nature: Visit the Anima Garden, a magical and whimsical botanical garden created by artist André Heller, located about a 30-minute drive from Marrakech, offering a unique artistic experience.

Luxury: Royal Mansour Marrakech
Mid-Range: La Sultana Marrakech
Budget: Riad Yasmine

When shopping in the bustling souks of Marrakech, friendly bargaining is absolutely essential. It’s a core part of the culture and is fully expected by the vendors. It’s a bit like a game, so approach it with a smile and good humor. Start by offering a price that is about one-third to one-half of the initial asking price and negotiate from there. Be prepared to walk away if you can’t agree on a price; sometimes this is the best tactic to get the vendor’s final, best offer. To avoid getting hopelessly lost in the souks, it’s a good idea to have an offline map app on your phone or use landmarks like the Koutoubia Mosque to orient yourself. Alternatively, you can hire a licensed local guide to help you navigate the maze-like streets. Remember to keep your valuables secure in the crowded souks.

For a full day of exploring the souks, palaces, and gardens of Marrakech, wear comfortable and modest clothing. A long, flowing dress or a pair of loose-fitting linen trousers and a top are good options for women to stay cool while remaining respectful. Men can wear chinos or long shorts and a t-shirt or a casual shirt. Extremely comfortable walking shoes are an absolute must, as you will cover a lot of ground. The sun can be very strong, so a wide-brimmed hat and sunglasses are highly recommended. A light scarf can be a versatile accessory, useful for covering your shoulders when visiting religious sites or for added sun protection for your neck. In the evening, you might want to change into something a little more elegant for dinner, especially if you’re dining at one of the city’s more upscale restaurants.

Marrakech has a fantastic and diverse food scene, with a plethora of options to suit all tastes and budgets. For a traditional Moroccan lunch with a modern twist, head to a restaurant in the Medina like Nomad, which offers innovative Moroccan cuisine and a great rooftop terrace with views over the Spice Square. For a quick and delicious bite, try a *tanjia*, a slow-cooked meat dish that is a true specialty of Marrakech, cooked in clay pots in the ashes of a local hammam. You can find it at small eateries in the Medina. In the evening, treat yourself to a special dinner at La Mamounia, one of the city’s most iconic and historic luxury hotels. For a more casual option, try one of the many excellent restaurants in the modern Gueliz neighborhood, which offers a mix of Moroccan and international cuisine.

The best and most immersive way to explore the dense Medina and its main attractions is on foot. The souks, palaces, and Djemaa el-Fna are all within walking distance of each other if you are staying within the old city walls. To get to the Jardin Majorelle, which is located in the new town of Gueliz outside the Medina, you can easily take a “petit taxi”. It’s a short and inexpensive ride, but be sure to agree on the price or insist on the meter. You can also hire a horse-drawn calèche for a more romantic and scenic journey there. If you are staying in the Palmeraie area, you will need to take a taxi to get to the city center. Many hotels in the Palmeraie offer shuttle services to the Medina for their guests.

Escape the exhilarating hustle and bustle of Marrakech for a day and journey into the breathtaking High Atlas Mountains. This popular day trip offers a profound glimpse into the traditional Berber way of life and showcases some of Morocco’s most stunning natural beauty. Your journey will take you through lush, green valleys and along scenic mountain roads to picturesque Berber villages that cling precariously to the mountainsides. Visit a local Berber family in their home, share a glass of traditional sweet mint tea, and learn about their customs, traditions, and daily life. Enjoy a delicious, home-cooked tagine for lunch, offering an authentic taste of Berber cuisine. You can also opt for a short, guided hike to a nearby waterfall or simply relax on a terrace and soak in the incredible mountain scenery. The fresh mountain air and the warm, genuine hospitality of the Berber people make this a truly memorable and enriching experience away from the city.

Young Travelers: Go for a more challenging multi-hour hike deeper into the mountains with a licensed local guide to reach more remote villages and viewpoints. Seniors: Enjoy a scenic drive through the Ourika Valley with stops at viewpoints to admire the scenery. A gentle-paced cooking class with a Berber family is also a great option. Family: Ride a mule through a Berber village, which is a fun and exciting experience for kids and a great way to support the local economy. With Disability: A scenic drive through the mountains is a good option. Some Berber guesthouses on the main roads may have accessible facilities, but it’s essential to inquire in advance.

Luxury: Stay overnight at a luxurious mountain lodge, such as the world-famous Kasbah Tamadot, owned by Sir Richard Branson, for the ultimate Atlas Mountains experience. Adventure: Go mountain biking on the winding dirt trails of the Atlas Mountains for an adrenaline-fueled way to experience the landscape. Nature: Explore the Toubkal National Park, home to Jebel Toubkal, the highest peak in North Africa, and a haven for hikers and nature lovers.

(Returning to Marrakech hotel or optional mountain stay)

Luxury: Kasbah Tamadot
Mid-Range: Kasbah du Toubkal
Budget: Dar Imlil

When visiting a Berber family in their home, it is a very polite and appreciated gesture to bring a small gift, such as sugar, tea, or school supplies like notebooks and pens for the children. This simple act is a sign of gratitude for their warm hospitality. It is crucial to dress in layers, as the weather in the mountains can change very quickly and dramatically. Even in summer, it can be quite cool at higher altitudes. Wear sturdy walking shoes or hiking boots if you plan to do any walking, even a short hike. The roads in the mountains can be narrow and winding, so it’s best to go with an experienced local driver who knows the routes well. If you are prone to motion sickness, you may want to take some medication beforehand. Don’t forget your camera to capture the stunning mountain landscapes!

For a day trip to the High Atlas Mountains, wear comfortable and practical clothing. Layering your clothes is key, as the temperature can vary significantly depending on the altitude and time of day. A t-shirt, a long-sleeved shirt, and a fleece or a light jacket are good options to have with you. It is best to wear long trousers or hiking pants for comfort and protection. Sturdy, comfortable walking shoes or hiking boots are absolutely essential, especially if you plan to do any hiking on the rocky trails. A sun hat, sunglasses, and sunscreen are also very important for sun protection, as the sun’s rays are stronger at higher altitudes. In the winter months, from November to March, you will need a warm hat, gloves, and a scarf, as it can be very cold and there is often snow on the peaks.

The absolute best place to eat in the Atlas Mountains is at a local Berber house as part of a planned tour. Here you can enjoy a delicious, authentic, and memorable home-cooked meal, such as a flavorful tagine or a fluffy couscous, prepared with fresh, locally sourced ingredients. This is a fantastic opportunity to experience genuine Berber hospitality and learn about their rich culinary traditions. There are also a few small, simple restaurants and cafes in the main villages, such as Imlil or in the Ourika Valley, where you can get a simple but tasty meal. If you are staying at a mountain lodge or kasbah, they will have their own restaurant, often with stunning panoramic views of the mountains. It’s always a good idea to bring some of your own snacks and a bottle of water with you for the day.

The best and safest way to visit the Atlas Mountains is to hire a private car with a driver for the day or join a small-group tour from Marrakech. This will give you the flexibility to stop at viewpoints and visit Berber villages at your own pace without the stress of driving yourself. The journey from Marrakech to the Ourika Valley, a popular and beautiful destination in the Atlas Mountains, takes about one hour. To reach the village of Imlil, which is the main starting point for treks to Jebel Toubkal, it’s about a 90-minute drive. The roads are generally paved and in good condition, but they can be narrow and very winding in some places. An experienced local driver will know the roads well and can ensure a safe and comfortable journey for you.

Travel from Marrakech to Fes, the oldest of Morocco’s imperial cities and its enduring spiritual and cultural heart. The best way to travel is by train, which offers a comfortable and scenic journey through the diverse Moroccan countryside. Upon arrival in Fes, check into your riad in the Medina and prepare to be transported back in time. The Fes el-Bali (Old Fes) is a UNESCO World Heritage site and one of the world’s largest car-free urban areas. It’s a true labyrinth of over 9,000 narrow, winding alleyways, bustling with artisans, laden donkeys, and the vibrant energy of daily life. A licensed local guide is absolutely essential for navigating this maze and discovering its hidden treasures, such as the Al-Qarawiyyin Mosque and University (the oldest continuously operating university in the world), the stunning Bou Inania Medersa, and the Nejjarine Fountain. This is a truly immersive experience that will leave you in awe of Fes’s rich history and living traditions.

Young Travelers: Seek out the hidden rooftop terraces for stunning panoramic views of the sprawling Medina and enjoy a mint tea while soaking in the atmosphere. Seniors: Opt for a guided tour that focuses on the main sights and uses a more relaxed pace, with planned breaks for rest and refreshments. Family: Engage the kids with a fun “treasure hunt” to find specific landmarks, artisan workshops (like the brass makers), or unique doorways in the Medina. With Disability: The Fes Medina is extremely challenging to navigate with a wheelchair due to stairs, narrow passages, and crowds. A guided tour with assistance is essential, and some areas will be inaccessible.

Luxury: Stay in a beautifully restored, opulent riad in the heart of the Medina, complete with a private courtyard, plunge pool, and a rooftop terrace with panoramic views. Adventure: Take a traditional leather-making workshop to learn about this ancient and pungent craft firsthand from a master artisan in the Medina. Nature: Visit the Jardin Jnan Sbil, a peaceful and beautiful oasis of Andalusian-style gardens and fountains located just outside the bustling Medina, offering a tranquil escape.

Luxury: Riad Fes – Relais & Châteaux
Mid-Range: Riad Laaroussa
Budget: Dar Seffarine

The Fes Medina is an incredibly complex, confusing, and overwhelming place for a newcomer. It is highly and strongly recommended to hire an official, licensed guide for at least your first day of exploration. They can help you navigate the labyrinthine streets, prevent you from getting hopelessly lost, and shield you from unwanted attention from touts. They also provide invaluable insights into the history and culture of this ancient city. Be sure to wear extremely comfortable shoes, as you will be doing a great deal of walking on uneven cobblestones. Keep your belongings secure and be aware of your surroundings at all times. Don’t be afraid to get a little lost down a side alley, as this is often how you discover the most interesting and authentic parts of the Medina, but always know how to get back to a main thoroughfare.

When exploring the ancient Fes Medina, it is important to dress modestly out of respect for the conservative local culture. Women should wear long skirts or loose-fitting trousers and tops that cover their shoulders. A scarf is a very useful accessory for covering your head when visiting religious sites like medersas and mosques (from the outside). Men should also wear long trousers and a shirt. Very comfortable walking shoes are absolutely essential, as the streets of the Medina are ancient, uneven, and often crowded, and you will be walking for several hours. The sun can be strong, so a hat and sunglasses are recommended, although the narrow alleys are often shaded. In the evening, it can get cool, especially outside of summer, so having a light jacket or sweater is a good idea for your comfort.

Fes is widely considered the culinary capital of Morocco, and its Medina is filled with fantastic dining options. For an unforgettable dining experience, try The Ruined Garden, a beautiful and atmospheric restaurant set in the ruins of a restored riad, serving delicious Moroccan cuisine with a creative, modern twist. For a more traditional meal, head to a small eatery in the Medina and try the local specialty, *pastilla*, a savory and sweet pie traditionally made with pigeon or chicken, layered with almonds in flaky pastry. You can also take a food tour of the Medina to sample a variety of local delicacies from trusted vendors. Don’t miss the chance to visit a traditional communal bakery (a “ferran”) and see how the local bread, *khobz*, is made, and perhaps even buy a warm loaf for yourself.

The best way to travel from Marrakech to Fes is by train. The journey takes approximately 6-7 hours and offers comfortable seating (book first class for more space) and scenic views of the Moroccan landscape as you travel north. You can buy your tickets in advance at the train station or online through the official ONCF website. Upon arrival at the Fes train station, take a “petit taxi” (small red taxi) to your riad in the Medina. The taxi will take you to the nearest gate (or “bab”) of the Medina, as the old city is pedestrian-only. From there, you will have to walk to your riad. It’s a very good idea to arrange for someone from your riad to meet you at the gate to help you with your luggage and guide you through the maze to their property.

Today is dedicated to discovering the rich and ancient artisanal heritage of Fes. Begin your day with a visit to the famous Chouara Tannery, one of the oldest in the world. From a surrounding leather shop’s terrace, you can watch the tanners at work, using age-old techniques passed down through generations to dye leather in a multitude of colorful, sunken vats. The sight and smell are unforgettable. Be sure to accept the sprig of fresh mint offered to you to help with the strong, pungent aroma. Afterward, explore the various artisan quarters (souks) of the Medina, where you can see coppersmiths hammering trays, woodworkers carving cedar, and potters shaping clay. In the afternoon, immerse yourself in the flavors of Morocco with a hands-on cooking class in a traditional riad. Learn how to prepare a classic tagine or couscous, and discover the secrets of blending Moroccan spices. Enjoy the delicious meal you’ve prepared for dinner.

Young Travelers: Create your own unique and personal souvenir at a pottery or zellij (mosaic tile) workshop under the guidance of a master craftsman. Seniors: Visit a carpet cooperative to see the intricate process of Berber carpet weaving and enjoy a cup of mint tea while chatting with the weavers. Family: Take a fun and engaging Arabic calligraphy class and learn how to write your name in the beautiful, flowing script from a local artist. With Disability: A cooking class can be a great and accessible activity. The artisan workshops, however, are often small, crowded, and up flights of stairs, which can be very challenging to navigate.

Luxury: Arrange for a private, guided tour of a historic and beautifully restored riad that is not open to the public, to admire its traditional Moroccan craftsmanship and architecture. Adventure: Explore the Mellah (the old Jewish Quarter) of Fes and visit the Ibn Danan Synagogue, one of the oldest and most important synagogues in North Africa. Nature: Take a day trip to the nearby city of Meknes, another of Morocco’s imperial cities, and the vast Roman ruins of Volubilis, a fascinating UNESCO World Heritage site.

Luxury: Palais Amani
Mid-Range: Riad Anata
Budget: Dar Anebar

When visiting the Chouara Tannery, be prepared for a very strong and pungent smell. The fresh mint sprig offered by the leather shops at the entrance really does help to mask the odor. The best views of the tanneries are from the upper terraces of the surrounding leather shops. The shopkeepers will, of course, expect you to browse their goods after you have taken your pictures. There is no obligation to buy anything, but a polite “la, shukran” (no, thank you) is appreciated if you are not interested. When booking a cooking class, be sure to do so in advance, as the best ones are very popular and fill up quickly. This is a great way to learn about Moroccan culture and cuisine in a fun, interactive, and delicious way. You will also get to enjoy a fantastic meal that you have proudly prepared yourself.

For a day of exploring the artisan quarters and participating in a cooking class, it is best to wear comfortable and casual clothing. You may want to wear something that you don’t mind getting a little dirty, especially if you are participating in a hands-on workshop like pottery or leather-making. Very comfortable shoes are a must, as you will be doing a lot of walking through the Medina’s winding alleys. As always, it’s a good idea to dress modestly, especially when you are in the more traditional areas of the Medina where people live and work. A light scarf can be useful for covering your shoulders or as a head covering if the need arises. In the evening, you can dress up a little for dinner, or you can simply wear what you wore during the day, as Fes is generally quite relaxed.

For lunch today, you can enjoy a simple but delicious meal at one of the many small eateries found deep within the Medina. Many of these humble places serve fantastic grilled meats, fresh salads, and traditional Moroccan soups like harira or bissara. For dinner, you will have the pleasure of enjoying the multi-course meal that you have prepared yourself during your afternoon cooking class. This is a great opportunity to savor the fruits of your labor and enjoy a truly authentic and fresh Moroccan meal in a beautiful riad setting. If you are not taking a cooking class, there are many other excellent dining options in Fes. The famous Cafe Clock is a popular choice, known for its legendary camel burger and its vibrant cultural scene, which often includes storytelling and live Gnaoua music performances in the evenings.

The best way to explore the artisan quarters and tanneries of Fes is on foot with a licensed local guide. A good guide can help you efficiently navigate the narrow streets, find the best and most authentic workshops, and can act as an interpreter to help you communicate with the artisans. Your riad can help you arrange for a reputable guide. To get to your cooking class, you may need to take a petit taxi, depending on its location, as some are outside the main Medina walls. The cooking school will provide you with the address and clear directions. Many cooking classes also offer to pick you up from your riad or a nearby meeting point, so be sure to confirm the arrangements when you book your class.

Embark on a scenic journey from Fes to Chefchaouen, the famous “Blue Pearl” of Morocco, nestled dramatically in the Rif Mountains. The drive itself is beautiful, taking you through rolling hills, olive groves, and picturesque landscapes. Upon arrival in Chefchaouen, check into your hotel or riad and set out to explore this enchanting and famously blue-washed town. Get lost in the maze of narrow streets, where every building, doorway, and staircase is painted in various calming shades of blue. The atmosphere here is calm and relaxed, a welcome change of pace from the hustle and bustle of the big imperial cities. Visit the Kasbah Museum, located in the main square, Plaza Uta el-Hammam, and learn about the unique history of the town. In the late afternoon, hike up to the Spanish Mosque on a nearby hill to watch the sunset over the town and the surrounding mountains. The panoramic view is simply breathtaking.

Young Travelers: Go for a rewarding hike in the nearby Rif Mountains, for example to the Akchour waterfalls, to enjoy the natural beauty and stunning views. Seniors: Relax at a cafe in the main square, Plaza Uta el-Hammam, sipping on mint tea, enjoying the fresh mountain air, and watching the world go by. Family: Let the kids have fun trying to spot all the different shades of blue in the town and taking fun photos against the vibrant backdrops. With Disability: The town is very hilly and has many stairs, which can be extremely challenging to navigate with a wheelchair. The main square and the lower parts of the town are the most accessible.

Luxury: Stay at a luxurious riad or boutique hotel with a rooftop terrace that offers stunning panoramic views of the iconic blue town and the surrounding mountains. Adventure: Go for a more challenging multi-day trek in the Talassemtane National Park, known for its unique fir forests, dramatic gorges, and stunning, rugged landscapes. Nature: Visit the Ras El Maa waterfall, located just a short walk outside the Medina, where you can see local women doing their laundry in the traditional way and enjoy the cool mountain stream.

Luxury: Lina Ryad & Spa
Mid-Range: Casa Perleta
Budget: Dar Echchaouen

Chefchaouen is a true photographer’s dream. Be sure to bring your camera and plenty of memory cards or battery life. The best time to take pictures is in the early morning or late afternoon when the light is soft and the day-tripping crowds are smaller, leaving the alleys more peaceful. When taking pictures of the local people, it is always polite and respectful to ask for their permission first; many will decline, and this should be respected. The town is small and can be easily explored on foot. Wear comfortable shoes, as you will be walking up and down a lot of stairs and hills. Chefchaouen is a great place to relax and unwind, so take your time, wander without a map, and enjoy the peaceful atmosphere. It’s also a great place to buy unique souvenirs, such as hand-woven blankets and leather goods.

In Chefchaouen, you can dress a bit more casually than in the big cities, but it’s still a good idea to be respectful of the local, more conservative mountain culture. Loose-fitting and comfortable clothing is ideal for exploring the town’s many hills and stairs. Women can wear a dress, a skirt, or trousers. Men can wear shorts, but it is generally more respectful to wear long trousers, especially if you plan to interact with locals. Comfortable walking shoes are an absolute must. The sun can be strong, so a hat and sunglasses are recommended. In the evening, it can get quite cool in the mountains, especially outside of summer, so a light jacket or a sweater is a good idea to have with you. A colorful scarf can be a useful and stylish accessory for both sun protection and photos.

Chefchaouen has a good selection of charming restaurants and cafes, most of which are located around the main square, Plaza Uta el-Hammam. For a delicious and affordable meal, try the popular Bab Ssour, which serves traditional Moroccan cuisine in a cozy and authentic setting. For a more upscale dining experience with a beautiful ambiance, head to Casa Hassan, a lovely riad with a restaurant that serves excellent food. Many restaurants in Chefchaouen have rooftop terraces with stunning views of the town, which is a fantastic way to enjoy a meal. Be sure to try the local goat cheese, which is a fresh and tasty specialty of the Rif Mountains region. For a refreshing drink, try a glass of freshly squeezed pomegranate juice, which is sold at many small stalls in the town.

The best way to travel from Fes to Chefchaouen is by bus or by hiring a “grand taxi”. The CTM bus company offers comfortable, air-conditioned, and reliable service between the two cities, and it’s a popular choice for both tourists and locals. The journey takes about 4 hours. You can also hire a grand taxi for a faster and more direct journey, though this will be more expensive. The drive itself is scenic, passing through the foothills of the Rif Mountains. Upon arrival in Chefchaouen, the bus station is located a short “petit taxi” ride from the Medina. If you arrive by grand taxi, the driver will drop you off at the entrance to the Medina. From there, you will have to walk to your hotel, as the old town is pedestrian-only.

Enjoy a final, leisurely Moroccan breakfast at your hotel in Chefchaouen, savoring the last tastes of mint tea and fresh bread. Depending on your flight schedule from Casablanca, you may have some time for some last-minute souvenir shopping for a colorful blanket or some leather goods, or a final, peaceful stroll through the iconic blue streets. Afterward, you will begin the long journey to Casablanca for your departure. You will be transferred from Chefchaouen to Casablanca’s Mohammed V International Airport (CMN). This is the end of your incredible 20-day journey through the Maghreb. You will leave with a treasure trove of memories, from the ancient Roman ruins of Algeria and the vast Sahara of Tunisia to the vibrant imperial cities of Morocco. Cherish the experiences, the sights, the sounds, and the flavors of this unforgettable adventure across North Africa.

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N/A (Departure Day)

The journey from the mountain town of Chefchaouen to Casablanca’s international airport is a long one, taking approximately 5-6 hours by road. It is highly recommended to arrange for a private transfer or a grand taxi to take you directly to the airport for convenience and peace of mind. Be sure to confirm the price and the pickup time with the driver in advance. Allow plenty of time for the journey, as traffic can be heavy, especially when approaching the Casablanca metropolitan area. Make sure you have all your travel documents, including your passport and boarding pass, in order for your departure. You will need to have some Moroccan Dirhams to pay for your transfer to the airport. You can exchange any leftover currency at one of the exchange counters at the airport before you pass through security. Have a safe flight home!

For your long travel day, wear your most comfortable and loose-fitting clothing. A pair of comfortable joggers or trousers and a t-shirt or a light sweater is an ideal choice for the long car ride and subsequent flight. Wear shoes that are easy to take off and put back on for airport security checks. It’s always a good idea to have a light jacket or a shawl with you for the journey, as the car’s air conditioning or the airplane cabin can get cold. Pack your travel essentials in your carry-on bag for easy access, including your passport, wallet, phone, and any necessary medications. Remember to pack any souvenirs you have bought in your checked luggage, unless they are fragile, in which case you should carry them with you.

Enjoy a final Moroccan breakfast at your hotel in Chefchaouen. You can also grab a coffee and a pastry at a local cafe in the main square before you begin your long journey. For lunch, you can either have your driver stop at a roadside restaurant on the way to Casablanca or simply eat at one of the many restaurants located at Mohammed V International Airport once you arrive. The airport has a variety of dining options, from international fast-food chains to sit-down restaurants serving Moroccan and other cuisines. This will be your last chance to enjoy some Moroccan flavors before you head home, so make the most of it if you have time before your flight.

The most convenient and stress-free way to get from Chefchaouen to Casablanca’s Mohammed V International Airport (CMN) is by booking a private transfer or a grand taxi. This is a long journey, so it’s best to book this service in advance. Your hotel in Chefchaouen can help you arrange for a reliable driver and vehicle. Alternatively, you could take a CTM bus from Chefchaouen to Casablanca’s main bus terminal, and then take a separate taxi to the airport. However, this option will take much longer and be far less convenient, especially if you are traveling with a lot of luggage. A pre-booked private transfer will ensure that you arrive at the airport on time and with minimal stress before your long flight home.