Bosnia Travel Guide
Table of Contents
- Destination Overview
- Best Time to Visit and Why
- Top Destinations and Best Hotel
- Language & Culture
- Festivals & Events
- Local Cuisine
- Transportation
- Weather & Climate
- Airports, International and Domestic Flight
- Back Up Plan and Flight Route
- Safety & Health
- Currency, Commodities & Costs
- Housing Rental Cost
- Cost of Living
- Shopping & Souvenirs
- Nightlife & Entertainment
- Insider Travel Tips
- Etiquette & Customs
- Basic Language Tips
- Useful Resources
1) Destination Overview
Bosnia and Herzegovina, the heart-shaped land nestled in the western Balkans, is one of Europe’s most compelling and visually stunning destinations. A country defined by its dramatic landscapes, resilient spirit, and a captivating history that sits at the crossroads of East and West, it offers a travel experience that is both profoundly moving and incredibly beautiful. For centuries, this land served as a cultural meeting point, where the great Ottoman and Austro-Hungarian empires converged, leaving behind a rich and complex legacy that is visible in the architecture, cuisine, and customs of its people. The country is a mosaic of emerald-green rivers, rugged Dinaric Alps, medieval castle ruins, and charming towns where mosques and churches stand side-by-side, telling a story of coexistence and conflict, sorrow and rebirth. A journey through Bosnia is a journey through time, revealing layers of history against a backdrop of breathtaking natural beauty.
The country’s landscapes are a paradise for nature lovers and adventure seekers. The turquoise waters of the Neretva and Una rivers carve through dramatic canyons, offering world-class opportunities for rafting and kayaking. The pristine wilderness of Sutjeska National Park, home to one of Europe’s last primeval forests and the country’s highest peak, Maglić, provides a haven for hikers and wildlife enthusiasts. In winter, the mountains surrounding Sarajevo, which famously hosted the 1984 Winter Olympics, transform into affordable and welcoming ski resorts. From the cascading waterfalls of Jajce and Kravica to the tranquil beauty of the Prokoško Lake, Bosnia’s natural assets are as diverse as they are unspoiled, offering a playground for those looking to explore off the beaten path and immerse themselves in pristine European wilderness.
Yet, the true heart of Bosnia and Herzegovina lies in its people. Known for their extraordinary warmth, generosity, and a dark sense of humor, Bosnians welcome visitors with open arms and a genuine hospitality that is deeply moving. The scars of the devastating war of the 1990s are still visible, not just on the buildings but in the collective memory of the nation. However, what shines through more brightly is an incredible resilience and a forward-looking optimism. Engaging with locals over a strong Bosnian coffee, sharing stories, and learning about their experiences provides an insight into the human spirit that is both humbling and inspiring. This human connection, the ability to share a moment of understanding and friendship, is often the most cherished takeaway for travelers.
Today, Bosnia and Herzegovina stands as a testament to the power of recovery and reconciliation. Its cities are vibrant and full of life, its natural landscapes are pristine, and its cultural heritage is being carefully preserved and celebrated. For the discerning traveler, it offers a rare combination of affordability, authenticity, and profound historical significance. It is a destination that challenges, educates, and ultimately captivates, leaving a lasting impression on all who visit. Whether you are tracing the history of empires in Sarajevo, marveling at the iconic bridge in Mostar, or rafting down a crystal-clear river, Bosnia and Herzegovina promises a journey that is as meaningful as it is memorable.
Back to Top2) Best Time to Visit and Why
The best time to visit Bosnia and Herzegovina is during the shoulder seasons of late spring (May and June) and early autumn (September). These months offer the perfect confluence of pleasant weather, lush landscapes, and fewer crowds than the peak summer season. In May and June, the country bursts into life after the winter thaw. The countryside is a vibrant green, wildflowers carpet the meadows, and the rivers are full and flowing, making it an ideal time for outdoor activities like rafting and kayaking. The temperatures are comfortably warm, perfect for exploring cities like Sarajevo and Mostar on foot without the intense heat of mid-summer. The long daylight hours provide ample time for sightseeing, hiking, and enjoying the burgeoning café culture as locals spill out onto terraces and gardens.
September is arguably the most idyllic month to visit. The summer crowds have dissipated, and a pleasant, golden autumn light bathes the landscape. The weather remains warm and generally sunny, perfect for hiking in the mountains or taking a scenic road trip through the country’s picturesque valleys. The heat in Herzegovina, which can be intense in July and August, becomes much more manageable, making it the perfect time to explore Mostar and the surrounding attractions like Blagaj and Počitelj. The grape harvest may be underway in the Herzegovina wine region, offering a unique cultural and culinary experience. This period provides the best of both worlds: summer-like weather with the tranquility and lower prices of the off-season.
The summer months of July and August are the peak tourist season in Bosnia and Herzegovina. This is a time of vibrant energy, with a host of festivals and cultural events taking place across the country, including the world-renowned Sarajevo Film Festival. The weather is hot and sunny, ideal for swimming in rivers and lakes and enjoying the lively outdoor café and bar scene. This is the best time for those who thrive on a bustling atmosphere and want to experience the country at its most festive. However, be prepared for larger crowds at popular sites like Stari Most in Mostar and the Baščaršija in Sarajevo. Accommodation prices will be at their highest, and it is advisable to book well in advance. The heat, especially in the south, can be quite intense, which may be a consideration for some travelers.
Winter, from December to March, offers a completely different but equally magical experience. The country transforms into a winter wonderland, with snow blanketing the Dinaric Alps. This is the season for skiing and snowboarding, with the Olympic mountains of Jahorina and Bjelašnica near Sarajevo offering excellent and incredibly affordable slopes compared to Western Europe. The cities take on a cozy and romantic atmosphere, with the smell of woodsmoke in the air and hearty stews on the menu. While the weather is cold and days are short, a winter visit provides a unique opportunity to see the country’s stunning landscapes under a blanket of snow and to enjoy the warmth of Bosnian hospitality in a traditional café with a hot cup of coffee.
Back to Top3) Top Destinations and Best Hotel
At the heart of any journey to Bosnia and Herzegovina lies its captivating capital, Sarajevo. A city that has been a symbol of both multicultural harmony and devastating conflict, Sarajevo is a place of profound historical significance and vibrant contemporary life. Its soul is found in the cobbled streets of the Baščaršija, the old Ottoman-era bazaar. Here, you can wander through narrow alleyways, browse artisan workshops selling hand-hammered copper goods, and savor traditional ćevapi in a bustling eatery. The city is a living museum where mosques, synagogues, and Orthodox and Catholic churches stand just meters from each other, earning it the nickname “the Jerusalem of Europe.” A walk through the city takes you on a journey through time, from the Ottoman Sebilj fountain to the Austro-Hungarian architecture of Ferhadija street. To understand its more recent, tragic history, a visit to the War Childhood Museum and the Tunnel of Hope is essential, offering a powerful and moving insight into the resilience of the human spirit during the 1992-1995 siege.
Further south, in the region of Herzegovina, lies the country’s most iconic and photographed destination: Mostar. The city is famed for the breathtaking Stari Most (Old Bridge), a masterpiece of 16th-century Ottoman engineering that gracefully arches over the turquoise Neretva River. The original bridge stood for over 400 years before being destroyed in the war, and its meticulous reconstruction, completed in 2004, stands as a powerful symbol of reconciliation. The best experience in Mostar is simply getting lost in the charming, cobblestoned lanes of the Old Town, which straddle both sides of the bridge. Here you can find bustling markets, historic mosques like the Koski Mehmed Pasha Mosque (which offers stunning views from its minaret), and traditional houses. Watching the famous Mostar divers leap from the pinnacle of the bridge into the icy river below is a thrilling spectacle and a centuries-old tradition.
Beyond the two main cities, the town of Jajce in central Bosnia is a hidden gem that beautifully encapsulates the country’s natural and historical wealth. Jajce is unique for its stunning Pliva Waterfall, a spectacular 22-meter cascade located right in the heart of the town center, where the Pliva River meets the Vrbas. The town itself is steeped in history, having been the capital of the medieval Bosnian Kingdom. You can explore the impressive hilltop fortress that offers panoramic views of the surrounding landscape, wander through the catacombs, and admire the historic watermills that dot the nearby Pliva Lakes. Jajce’s compact size and incredible concentration of natural and historical sights make it one of the most rewarding and picturesque destinations in the country, offering a perfect snapshot of Bosnia’s diverse charms.
To complement these unforgettable destinations, Bosnia offers a wonderful range of hotels known for their hospitality and value. In Sarajevo, the Hotel President Sarajevo is perfectly located at the edge of the Baščaršija, offering modern luxury with stunning city views. For a more historic and boutique feel, Hotel Central provides elegant rooms and an excellent spa in a central location. In Mostar, the Hotel-Restaurant Kriva Ćuprija is a charming and historic hotel nestled in the heart of the old town, just steps from a smaller, equally beautiful stone bridge. The nearby Hotel Mepas offers a more modern, five-star experience with a rooftop pool and shopping mall access. In Jajce, the Hotel Stari Grad provides comfortable accommodation with fantastic views of the waterfall, putting you right in the center of the action.
| Hotel | Booking.com Link |
|---|---|
| Hotel President Sarajevo | Book Now |
| Hotel Central (Sarajevo) | Book Now |
| Hotel-Restaurant Kriva Ćuprija (Mostar) | Book Now |
| Hotel Mepas (Mostar) | Book Now |
| Hotel Stari Grad (Jajce) | Book Now |
| Pino Nature Hotel, Trebević (near Sarajevo) | Book Now |
4) Language & Culture
The culture of Bosnia and Herzegovina is a rich and complex tapestry, uniquely woven from the threads of Slavic, Ottoman, and Austro-Hungarian influences. This fascinating blend is the result of its geographical position as a historic borderland between great empires and civilizations. The country’s official languages are Bosnian, Serbian, and Croatian. While politically distinct, these three languages are mutually intelligible and are essentially different standardized forms of the same language, Serbo-Croatian. For the traveler, this means that learning a few basic phrases in Bosnian will be understood by everyone. English is widely spoken by the younger generation and in the tourism sector in major cities like Sarajevo and Mostar, making communication relatively easy for international visitors. However, making the effort to learn a few local words and greetings is always deeply appreciated and will be met with warmth and enthusiasm.
A cornerstone of Bosnian culture is the deep-rooted tradition of hospitality and the importance of social interaction, which is most perfectly embodied in the country’s coffee culture. Bosnian coffee, similar to Turkish coffee, is more than just a drink; it is a social ritual. It is prepared in a traditional copper pot called a “džezva” and served in small ceramic cups called “fildžani.” The act of drinking coffee, or “kafa,” is a leisurely affair, meant to be savored slowly over conversation with friends and family. Cafés (“kafane”) are the living rooms of the city, bustling at all hours of the day with people of all ages chatting, smoking, and watching the world go by. For a visitor, being invited for a coffee is a genuine gesture of friendship and an invitation to connect on a personal level.
Bosnia and Herzegovina is a secular state, but religion plays a significant role in the identity of its three main constituent peoples: Bosniaks (who are predominantly Muslim), Serbs (predominantly Orthodox Christian), and Croats (predominantly Catholic). This religious diversity has created a unique cultural landscape, particularly in Sarajevo, where the call to prayer from a minaret can be heard alongside the ringing of church bells. This centuries-long history of coexistence, though tragically interrupted by the war, has fostered a culture of tolerance and curiosity. Visitors will find that mosques, churches, and synagogues are often located within a short walk of each other, and many are welcoming to respectful visitors who wish to learn about the different faiths that have shaped the nation.
The arts and craftsmanship also hold a special place in Bosnian culture. The country has a rich literary tradition, with Nobel laureate Ivo Andrić being its most famous author. Traditional folk music, “sevdalinka,” is a soulful and melancholic genre that speaks of love, loss, and longing. The craftsmanship on display in the old bazaars, from hand-hammered copper coffee sets to intricate kilim rugs and wood carvings, is a testament to skills passed down through generations. Despite the hardships of the past, or perhaps because of them, Bosnian culture is characterized by a remarkable resilience, a dark, self-deprecating sense of humor, and a profound appreciation for the simple pleasures of life: good food, good coffee, and good company. Engaging with this culture is a deeply rewarding experience for any traveler.
Back to Top5) Festivals & Events
Bosnia and Herzegovina’s calendar is alive with a dynamic array of festivals and events that celebrate its rich cultural heritage, artistic talent, and traditional customs. These events offer visitors a fantastic opportunity to experience the country’s vibrant, contemporary spirit and its deep-rooted traditions. The most prestigious and internationally acclaimed event is the Sarajevo Film Festival. Founded in 1995 during the siege of the city as an act of cultural defiance, it has grown into the premier film festival in Southeast Europe. Every August, the festival transforms Sarajevo into a bustling hub for filmmakers, actors, and cinema lovers from around the world. The city buzzes with energy, with open-air screenings, red carpet premieres, and a palpable sense of excitement, making it an incredible time to visit the capital.
Throughout the summer, the country’s cities come alive with cultural festivities. In Sarajevo, the “Baščaršija Nights” festival takes place throughout July, offering a month-long program of free concerts, theatre performances, and folklore evenings held in the historic heart of the old town. It’s a wonderful way to experience local and international music and performing arts in a beautiful, atmospheric setting. Similarly, the “Mostar Summer Festival” brings a variety of cultural events to the city, including concerts, art exhibitions, and poetry readings. However, the most iconic event in Mostar is the traditional high-diving competition from the Stari Most, held annually at the end of July. This thrilling spectacle sees brave local men dive from the peak of the 24-meter-high bridge into the cold Neretva River below, a tradition that dates back centuries.
The country also celebrates its diverse musical traditions with a range of festivals. The Jazz Fest Sarajevo, held every November, is a highly respected event that attracts renowned jazz musicians from across the globe. For those with more electronic tastes, the Fresh Wave Festival in Banja Luka is a popular summer event featuring regional and international DJs. Traditional music is also celebrated with numerous folklore festivals in towns and villages throughout the country, showcasing the unique songs, dances, and costumes of different regions. These events provide a vibrant and authentic glimpse into the living cultural traditions of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Beyond the arts, Bosnia hosts a number of unique and traditional events. The “Una Regata,” a multi-day recreational rafting and kayaking event on the stunning Una River, attracts hundreds of participants each summer for a journey through the pristine Una National Park. In the world of winter sports, the ski resorts on Jahorina and Bjelašnica host various skiing and snowboarding competitions throughout the winter season. The country’s religious diversity is also reflected in the public celebration of both Muslim and Christian holidays. Whether you are interested in film, music, sport, or traditional culture, planning your trip around one of Bosnia and Herzegovina’s many festivals can add a memorable and festive dimension to your visit.
Back to Top6) Local Cuisine
Bosnian cuisine is the delicious and hearty result of its rich history, a flavorful fusion of Ottoman, Austro-Hungarian, and Slavic culinary traditions. It is a cuisine that is comforting and unpretentious, with a strong emphasis on high-quality, locally sourced ingredients, particularly grilled meats, slow-cooked stews, and savory pastries. The food is a central part of Bosnian culture and hospitality, with meals meant to be shared and savored slowly with family and friends. A journey through Bosnia and Herzegovina is as much a feast for the stomach as it is for the eyes, offering a diverse and satisfying culinary experience from the bustling food stalls of Sarajevo’s old town to the cozy family-run restaurants dotted across the countryside. Exploring the local cuisine is an essential and delightful part of any visit to this warm and welcoming country.
The undisputed king of Bosnian food is “ćevapi” (or “ćevapčići”). These small, hand-rolled sausages, made from a mixture of minced beef and lamb, are grilled over charcoal and are a national obsession. They are traditionally served in portions of five or ten inside a fresh, fluffy flatbread called “somun,” accompanied by heaps of chopped raw onions and a creamy cheese spread called “kajmak.” Another cornerstone of Bosnian gastronomy is the “pita,” a savory pastry made from paper-thin phyllo dough that is filled, rolled, and baked. There are many varieties, each with its own name: “burek” is filled with minced meat, “sirnica” with cheese, “zeljanica” with spinach and cheese, and “krompiruša” with potatoes. These delicious pastries are sold in specialty bakeries called “buregdžinice” and are a perfect, affordable meal at any time of day.
For a taste of traditional home cooking, one must try the slow-cooked stews and vegetable dishes. “Bosanski Lonac” (Bosnian Pot) is a hearty, rustic stew made with large chunks of meat (usually beef or lamb) and vegetables like cabbage, potatoes, carrots, and peppers, all slow-cooked for hours in a ceramic pot. “Dolma” refers to a variety of vegetables, such as peppers (“punjene paprike”), onions (“sogan-dolma”), or zucchini (“punjene tikvice”), that are hollowed out and stuffed with a flavorful mixture of minced meat and rice. These dishes are the epitome of comfort food, rich in flavor and steeped in tradition. Soups are also a staple, with “Begova Čorba” (Bey’s Soup), a creamy chicken and okra soup, being a particular delicacy.
No meal in Bosnia is complete without the accompanying ritual of coffee and dessert. Bosnian coffee (“bosanska kafa”) is prepared and served in a traditional manner similar to Turkish coffee and is a central part of the country’s social fabric. For a sweet finish, the Ottoman influence is undeniable. “Baklava,” a rich, sweet pastry made of layers of filo filled with chopped nuts and sweetened with syrup or honey, is a popular favorite. “Tufahija” is another classic dessert, consisting of a poached apple stuffed with a walnut filling and topped with whipped cream. For a strong local drink, “rakija,” a potent fruit brandy, is the national spirit and is often offered as a gesture of welcome. Exploring the flavors of Bosnia is a journey into the heart of its culture, a delicious expression of its history and its renowned hospitality.
Back to Top7) Transportation
Navigating Bosnia and Herzegovina is a relatively straightforward and affordable endeavor, with a transportation network that, while not as advanced as in Western Europe, effectively connects all major towns and cities. The most common and reliable way to travel between different parts of the country is by bus. An extensive network of private bus companies operates frequent services along all major routes, such as between Sarajevo, Mostar, Banja Luka, and Jajce. The buses are generally comfortable, especially on the main intercity lines, and offer a cost-effective way to travel while enjoying the country’s stunning scenery. Bus stations (“autobuska stanica”) are typically located near the center of towns, and tickets can be purchased directly at the station before departure. It’s a good practice to arrive a little early, especially for popular routes, to secure your ticket.
The country’s railway network is more limited than the bus system, a legacy of the region’s complex history and rugged terrain. However, the train journeys that are available are renowned for being incredibly scenic. The most famous and spectacular train ride is the one connecting Sarajevo and Mostar. This route winds its way through dramatic mountain landscapes, following the emerald-green Neretva River through a series of tunnels and viaducts. The journey is an attraction in itself, offering breathtaking views that are missed when traveling by road. While the trains may be older and the service less frequent than the bus, for this particular route, the scenic beauty makes it a highly recommended experience. Tickets are affordable and can be purchased at the train station.
Within the major cities, public transportation is readily available and easy to use. In Sarajevo, the public transport system consists of trams, buses, and trolleybuses. The tram system is one of the oldest in Europe and is a charming and efficient way to travel along the main east-west axis of the city, from the old town of Baščaršija to the suburb of Ilidža. Tickets are cheap and must be purchased from kiosks (“trafika”) before boarding and validated in the machine on board. Taxis are also plentiful and very affordable by European standards. It is best to use registered taxis with a meter or to agree on a fare before starting your journey to avoid being overcharged.
For travelers seeking the most flexibility and the freedom to explore off the beaten path, renting a car is an excellent option. Driving in Bosnia and Herzegovina allows you to discover hidden villages, remote natural attractions, and scenic mountain roads at your own pace. The main roads connecting the major cities are generally in good condition, but be prepared for narrower, winding roads in rural and mountainous areas. Drivers should be confident and aware of local driving styles, which can be more aggressive than in other parts of Europe. An International Driving Permit is recommended, alongside your standard driving license. With a car, the entire country opens up, revealing a world of stunning landscapes and hidden gems that are inaccessible by public transport.
Back to Top8) Weather & Climate
The weather and climate in Bosnia and Herzegovina are as diverse as its landscapes, largely defined by a continental climate with significant variations due to the country’s rugged topography. The nation experiences four distinct seasons, with warm to hot summers and cold, snowy winters. Understanding these seasonal patterns is key to planning a successful trip, as the weather will greatly influence the types of activities you can enjoy and the clothing you will need to pack. The Dinaric Alps, which run through the heart of the country, act as a climatic barrier, creating a harsher continental climate in the interior and a milder, more Mediterranean influence in the southern region of Herzegovina.
The summer months, from June to August, are generally warm and sunny across the country. In the central Bosnian region, including Sarajevo, average daytime temperatures range from 22°C to 27°C (72°F to 81°F), making it a very pleasant time for city exploration and hiking in the surrounding hills. In the southern region of Herzegovina, where Mostar is located, the summers are significantly hotter and drier, with temperatures frequently soaring above 30°C (86°F) and sometimes reaching 40°C (104°F). While summer is the peak season for tourism, it is also when afternoon thunderstorms can occur, particularly in the mountainous areas, so it’s always wise to have a light waterproof jacket handy.
Autumn, from September to November, is a beautiful season to visit. September often feels like an extension of summer, with warm, sunny days and comfortable temperatures, making it an ideal month for travel. As the season progresses into October, the landscape transforms with stunning autumn foliage, particularly in the country’s vast forests. Temperatures cool down, with average highs in Sarajevo dropping to around 15°C (59°F). November sees a more significant drop in temperature and an increase in rainfall as the country transitions towards winter. The shoulder seasons of late spring (May-June) and early autumn (September) generally offer the most pleasant and stable weather for a wide range of activities.
Winter, from December to February, is cold and often snowy, especially in the mountainous central and eastern parts of the country. In Sarajevo, average temperatures hover around freezing, with highs of about 3°C (37°F) and lows dropping below 0°C (32°F). This is the prime season for winter sports, and the nearby Olympic mountains of Jahorina and Bjelašnica receive abundant snowfall, making them popular and affordable ski destinations. In contrast, Herzegovina experiences a milder winter with more rain than snow, though it can still be chilly. Traveling in winter requires warm, layered clothing, waterproof boots, and caution on the roads, but rewards visitors with dramatic snowy landscapes and a cozy, festive atmosphere in the cities.
| City / Season | Average High / Low Temperature (°C) |
|---|---|
| Sarajevo (Spring: Apr-May) | 16°C / 5°C |
| Sarajevo (Summer: Jun-Aug) | 25°C / 12°C |
| Sarajevo (Autumn: Sep-Oct) | 18°C / 8°C |
| Sarajevo (Winter: Dec-Feb) | 3°C / -4°C |
| Mostar (Spring: Apr-May) | 21°C / 10°C |
| Mostar (Summer: Jun-Aug) | 31°C / 18°C |
| Mostar (Autumn: Sep-Oct) | 23°C / 12°C |
| Mostar (Winter: Dec-Feb) | 10°C / 2°C |
9) Airports, International and Domestic Flight
Accessing Bosnia and Herzegovina by air is primarily done through its main international gateway, Sarajevo International Airport (SJJ), also known as Butmir Airport. Located just a short drive from the capital city’s center, SJJ serves as the primary hub for both international and the limited domestic air traffic. The airport connects Bosnia and Herzegovina with numerous major European hubs, making it relatively easy to reach with a single connecting flight from most parts of the world. Airlines such as Austrian Airlines, Lufthansa, Turkish Airlines, and Croatia Airlines operate regular flights from their hubs in Vienna, Munich, Istanbul, and Zagreb, respectively. In recent years, several low-cost carriers, including Wizz Air and Ryanair, have also established routes to Sarajevo, offering more affordable travel options from various European cities.
In addition to Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina has three other smaller international airports that serve specific regions and are primarily used by low-cost airlines, connecting the country with the Bosnian diaspora across Europe. Tuzla International Airport (TZL) in the northeast has become a major base for Wizz Air, offering a wide range of budget flights to cities in Germany, Sweden, Austria, and the Netherlands. Banja Luka International Airport (BNX) in the north serves the Republika Srpska region, with carriers like Ryanair providing connections to several European destinations. Mostar International Airport (OMO) in the south primarily operates seasonal and charter flights, mainly during the summer months, catering to tourists and pilgrims visiting the nearby religious site of Medjugorje.
Due to the relatively small size of the country and its rugged, mountainous terrain, there is currently no scheduled domestic air service operating within Bosnia and Herzegovina. The distances between major cities like Sarajevo, Mostar, and Banja Luka are not great enough to make domestic flights a practical or economically viable option. Therefore, all internal travel within the country is conducted via ground transportation, with the extensive intercity bus network being the most common choice for both locals and tourists. The absence of domestic flights means that travelers should plan their itineraries around overland travel, which, while slower, offers the significant benefit of allowing visitors to witness the country’s stunning and constantly changing landscapes up close.
When arriving at Sarajevo International Airport, getting to the city center is straightforward. There is an official airport bus service that provides a direct and affordable link to the Baščaršija (old town). Taxis are also readily available just outside the terminal; it is always best to use the official registered taxis and to ensure the meter is used or to agree on a fare before starting your journey. Several car rental agencies also have desks at the airport, offering a convenient option for those who plan to explore the country by car. While the air network is focused on international connections rather than domestic ones, it provides a reliable and accessible gateway to this beautiful and fascinating country.
Back to Top10) Back Up Plan and Flight Route
While traveling in Bosnia and Herzegovina is generally straightforward, having a flexible mindset and a solid backup plan is always a wise strategy. The country’s infrastructure is still developing, and unforeseen circumstances like adverse weather, road works, or public transport schedule changes can occur. The most important element of a good backup plan is to build some buffer time into your itinerary. Avoid scheduling tight connections, such as a long bus journey on the same day as an important international flight. Giving yourself an extra day in a city before a major departure can alleviate a significant amount of stress if delays occur. Comprehensive travel insurance that covers trip cancellations and interruptions is also highly recommended, providing a financial safety net for any unexpected changes to your plans.
When planning your flight route into Bosnia and Herzegovina, it is important to know that most intercontinental journeys will require a connection in a major European hub. The main airport, Sarajevo (SJJ), is well-connected to hubs like Istanbul (IST) via Turkish Airlines, Vienna (VIE) via Austrian Airlines, and Munich (MUC) or Frankfurt (FRA) via Lufthansa. These are generally the most reliable and frequent routes for travelers coming from North America, Asia, or other parts of the world. For more budget-friendly options from within Europe, consider flying into Tuzla (TZL) with Wizz Air or Banja Luka (BNX) with Ryanair. Your backup plan for flights should involve being aware of these alternative airports. If your flight to Sarajevo is cancelled, you could potentially find a flight to Tuzla and then take a 2-3 hour bus journey to the capital.
The primary backup for almost any travel disruption within Bosnia and Herzegovina is the country’s extensive and reliable intercity bus network. If you had planned to take the scenic train from Sarajevo to Mostar and find the service is cancelled, you can simply head to the main bus station where you will find frequent, comfortable buses making the same journey. Similarly, if you are planning to rent a car and encounter any issues, the bus network is always there as a dependable alternative. It’s a good idea to have a website like getbybus.com or busticket4.me bookmarked on your phone to quickly check schedules and routes in case your original plans change. These platforms provide a good overview of the many private companies that operate across the country.
Another practical backup strategy involves land borders. Bosnia and Herzegovina shares borders with Croatia, Serbia, and Montenegro, and there are excellent cross-border bus connections. For example, if you are in Mostar and face a major disruption for your flight out of Sarajevo, a viable and often enjoyable backup plan could be to take a bus to Dubrovnik (DBV) or Split (SPU) in Croatia, both of which are major international airports with a vast number of flights. This not only solves the travel problem but can add an unexpected and scenic leg to your journey. By staying flexible, being aware of your alternative transport options, and not over-scheduling your itinerary, you can navigate any potential hiccups with ease and enjoy a stress-free exploration of this incredible country.
| Primary Route | Primary Backup / Alternative Route |
|---|---|
| Fly to Sarajevo (SJJ) via Istanbul (IST) | Fly to Sarajevo (SJJ) via Vienna (VIE) or Munich (MUC). |
| Fly to Tuzla (TZL) with Wizz Air | Fly to Sarajevo (SJJ) or Belgrade (BEG) in Serbia and take a bus. |
| Train from Sarajevo to Mostar | Take one of the frequent and comfortable intercity buses on the same route. |
| Bus within Bosnia | Rent a car for more flexibility; check schedules of other bus companies. |
| Flight out of Sarajevo (SJJ) | Take a bus to a major regional airport like Dubrovnik (DBV) or Belgrade (BEG). |
11) Safety & Health
Bosnia and Herzegovina is a destination that is widely considered safe for travelers, and visitors are more likely to be captivated by the locals’ warmth and hospitality than to encounter any serious problems. The crime rate is relatively low compared to many Western European countries. However, as with travel to any part of the world, it is important to exercise common sense and take standard precautions. In larger cities like Sarajevo and Mostar, especially in crowded tourist areas, bus stations, and on public transport, be mindful of petty crime such as pickpocketing and bag snatching. It is advisable to keep your valuables secure, avoid displaying large amounts of cash, and be aware of your surroundings. Using a money belt or a secure cross-body bag is a practical way to protect your passport and money. Violent crime against tourists is very rare.
A unique safety consideration in Bosnia and Herzegovina is the lingering issue of unexploded landmines from the 1990s war. It is crucial to understand that all populated areas, towns, cities, and major infrastructure have been cleared and are perfectly safe. The risk to tourists is extremely low, but it becomes a factor if you plan to go hiking or explore remote rural areas. The simple and absolute rule is to never wander off marked roads, paths, or trails into fields, forests, or abandoned buildings. Demining is an ongoing process, but many rural areas still contain marked and unmarked minefields. When hiking, stick to established trails and, if in doubt, hire a local guide who is knowledgeable about the area. Heeding the red warning signs with a skull and crossbones is, of course, essential.
In terms of health, no special vaccinations are required for entry into Bosnia and Herzegovina, but it is always recommended to be up-to-date with your routine immunizations. The standard of healthcare in the country is reasonable, particularly in the major cities, but it may not be up to the level that visitors from Western Europe or North America are accustomed to. Pharmacies (“apoteka”) are plentiful and well-stocked with common medications, and pharmacists are knowledgeable professionals who can often provide advice for minor ailments. The tap water is generally considered safe to drink in Sarajevo and other major cities, but if you have a sensitive stomach or are traveling in very rural areas, sticking to bottled water is a sensible precaution.
The most important health-related step any traveler can take is to secure comprehensive travel insurance before their trip. Your policy should cover not only medical emergencies and hospital treatment but also theft and trip cancellations. It is particularly important to ensure that your policy includes medical evacuation coverage. In the event of a very serious illness or injury, it may be necessary to be transported to a country with more advanced medical facilities, and the cost of this can be astronomical without insurance. By taking these sensible precautions—being mindful of your belongings, staying on marked paths in rural areas, and having good travel insurance—you can relax and enjoy a safe and healthy journey through this beautiful and welcoming country.
Back to Top12) Currency, Commodities & Costs
The official currency of Bosnia and Herzegovina is the Convertible Mark, locally known as the “Marka,” with the currency code BAM. The Mark has a unique and very convenient feature for travelers: it is pegged to the Euro at a fixed exchange rate of 1 EUR = 1.95583 BAM. This stable exchange rate makes it incredibly easy to understand prices and manage your budget. While Euros are not official currency, they are widely accepted in many tourist-oriented hotels, restaurants, and for tour payments, often at a simple 1 EUR = 2 BAM rate. However, for everyday transactions, especially in smaller shops, cafes, and markets, it is essential to use the local currency, the Convertible Mark. It is always best to carry a mix of both currencies, with a good supply of BAM for daily expenses.
Bosnia and Herzegovina is one of the most affordable travel destinations in Europe, offering exceptional value for money across the board. The cost of accommodation, food, transportation, and activities is significantly lower than in neighboring Croatia or Western Europe, allowing travelers to have a rich and extensive experience on a modest budget. ATMs are widely available in all cities and towns and are the easiest way to get local currency. Credit and debit cards are accepted in larger hotels, modern supermarkets, and some upscale restaurants in the cities, but much of the country, particularly smaller family-run businesses and market stalls, operates on a cash-only basis. Therefore, it is crucial to always have a sufficient amount of cash on hand.
The cost of everyday commodities is very reasonable. A cup of Bosnian coffee in a traditional café in Sarajevo’s Baščaršija will typically cost between 2 and 3 BAM (about €1-€1.50). A large local beer in a pub is similarly priced. The country’s delicious and filling street food, like a generous portion of ćevapi or a large slice of burek, can often be purchased for 5-8 BAM (around €2.50-€4), providing a satisfying meal for a very low price. A three-course meal at a good mid-range restaurant is unlikely to cost more than 30-40 BAM (€15-€20) per person. Transportation is also very budget-friendly, with a one-way tram ticket in Sarajevo costing less than 2 BAM, and a long-distance bus journey between Sarajevo and Mostar costing around 20-25 BAM (€10-€13).
Tipping is not as ingrained in the culture as it is in some other countries, but it is always appreciated as a gesture of gratitude for good service. In restaurants, if you are pleased with the service, it is common to round up the bill or leave a tip of around 10%. This is often done by telling the waiter the total amount you wish to pay rather than leaving change on the table. For taxi drivers, rounding up the fare to the nearest Mark is a common and polite practice. For tour guides, especially after a full-day or multi-day tour, a more substantial tip is customary and greatly appreciated. The overall affordability of Bosnia and Herzegovina is a major part of its appeal, making it accessible to all types of travelers, from budget backpackers to those seeking a comfortable and cultured holiday without the high price tag.
| Commodity/Service | Estimated Cost (in BAM / EUR) |
|---|---|
| Bosnian Coffee | 2 – 3 BAM / €1.00 – €1.50 |
| Local Beer (0.5 liter) | 3 – 5 BAM / €1.50 – €2.50 |
| Ćevapi (large portion) | 8 – 12 BAM / €4.00 – €6.00 |
| Burek (slice) | 3 – 5 BAM / €1.50 – €2.50 |
| Mid-Range Restaurant Meal (per person) | 25 – 40 BAM / €13 – €20 |
| One-way Ticket (Sarajevo Tram) | 1.60 BAM / ~€0.80 |
| Bus Ticket (Sarajevo to Mostar) | 20 – 25 BAM / €10 – €13 |
| Gasoline (1 liter) | ~ 2.80 BAM / ~€1.40 |
13) Housing Rental Cost
For those considering a longer-term stay in Bosnia and Herzegovina, the housing rental market presents incredibly attractive and affordable options, making it a popular choice for digital nomads, retirees, and expatriates. The cost of renting an apartment or house is significantly lower than in almost any other country in Europe, allowing for an exceptionally high quality of life on a modest budget. The most active rental markets are found in the major urban centers, with Sarajevo, the capital, and Banja Luka being the largest. The beautiful city of Mostar and the coastal town of Neum also offer appealing rental opportunities. The quality of housing can vary, from older apartments in socialist-era buildings to modern, newly constructed condominiums, but a comfortable and well-located property is easily attainable for a fraction of the cost of living in the West.
In Sarajevo, the cost of renting an apartment (“stan”) is highly dependent on the neighborhood. Desirable areas like the city center (Centar), Grbavica, and the newer developments in suburbs like Ilidža command higher prices. A modern, furnished one-bedroom apartment in a good location can typically be rented for between 500 and 700 BAM (€250 – €360) per month. A two-bedroom apartment suitable for a couple or a small family might range from 700 to 1,000 BAM (€360 – €510). Even larger, three-bedroom apartments in prime locations are often available for under 1,500 BAM (€770). These prices are for long-term rentals (one year or more) and are often negotiable. It is important to clarify whether the quoted rent is inclusive of utilities, though typically tenants pay for electricity, gas, internet, and building maintenance fees separately.
Renting a house (“kuća”) is also a viable option, particularly in the greener, more residential neighborhoods on the hills surrounding Sarajevo. A comfortable family house with a small garden can often be found for between 1,200 and 2,000 BAM (€610 – €1,020) per month, offering ample space at an incredible value. In other cities like Mostar or Tuzla, rental prices are even lower than in the capital. It is possible to find well-appointed apartments in these cities for 20-30% less than in Sarajevo. The concept of modern condominiums with shared amenities like pools or gyms is still developing but is becoming more common in new construction projects in Sarajevo and Banja Luka, offering a secure and convenient lifestyle for a slight premium.
Finding a rental property in Bosnia can be done through several channels. The most popular online real estate portal is OLX.ba, which has an extensive “Nekretnine” (Real Estate) section with thousands of listings for rent (“Iznajmljivanje”). Engaging a local real estate agent (“agencija za nekretnine”) can also be very helpful, as they can navigate the local market and language barriers, although they will charge a commission, which is typically equivalent to one month’s rent. Rental agreements are usually straightforward, and a security deposit (“depozit”) of one month’s rent is standard practice. The remarkable affordability of housing is a major draw for long-term residents, allowing them to live comfortably and immerse themselves in the rich culture and stunning nature of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
| Property Type (Sarajevo) | Estimated Monthly Rental Cost (in BAM / EUR) |
|---|---|
| Apartment (1 bedroom, furnished) | 500 – 700 BAM / €255 – €360 |
| Apartment (2 bedrooms, furnished) | 700 – 1,000 BAM / €360 – €510 |
| Apartment (3 bedrooms, furnished) | 900 – 1,500 BAM / €460 – €770 |
| House (3 bedrooms) | 1,200 – 2,000+ BAM / €610 – €1,020+ |
| Modern Condominium Apartment | 1,000 – 1,800 BAM / €510 – €920 |
| Luxury Apartment/House | 2,500+ BAM / €1,280+ |
14) Cost of Living
The cost of living in Bosnia and Herzegovina is exceptionally low by European standards, making it a highly attractive country for anyone looking to maximize their purchasing power while enjoying a rich and fulfilling lifestyle. The affordability extends across all facets of daily life, from groceries and public transportation to dining out and entertainment. This low cost base means that residents, including expatriates and digital nomads, can live very comfortably on a budget that would be considered restrictive in most of North America or Western Europe. The primary reasons for this affordability are lower local wages, a reliance on domestic agriculture, and an economy that is not yet fully integrated into the more expensive consumer markets of the European Union. For those earning an income from abroad, the financial advantages of living in Bosnia are significant.
Day-to-day expenses are remarkably reasonable. A monthly grocery bill for an individual or a couple can be kept very low by shopping at local green markets (“pijaca”) for fresh, seasonal produce, and at local supermarkets for other staples. A weekly shop for a couple might cost between 100 and 150 BAM (€50 – €77). Utility bills are also very affordable. The combined monthly cost for electricity, water, heating (gas or central), and garbage collection for a standard two-bedroom apartment would typically fall between 150 and 250 BAM (€77 – €128). High-speed internet and mobile phone plans are also competitively priced, with excellent fiber optic internet packages available for around 30-50 BAM (€15 – €25) per month.
For families with children, the cost of education is a key consideration. While the public school system is free, most expatriate families opt for private or international schools. In Sarajevo, there are several international schools that offer curricula such as the International Baccalaureate (IB) or follow a British or American system. While these represent a significant expense, the tuition fees are considerably lower than for comparable schools in other European capitals. Annual fees for international schools can range from approximately 10,000 BAM to 25,000 BAM (€5,100 – €12,800) per child, depending on the school and the grade level. This makes a high-quality international education much more accessible for many families.
Other costs associated with daily life also offer great value. Public transportation is very cheap, with a monthly pass for Sarajevo’s extensive network costing around 53 BAM (€27). Owning a car involves costs for fuel, insurance, and maintenance, but these are still generally lower than in many other parts of Europe. Healthcare, as covered in the private sector, is also very affordable for out-of-pocket expenses, with a visit to a private specialist clinic often costing between 50 and 80 BAM (€25 – €41). The ability to enjoy a rich social life, dine out regularly, travel within the country, and still save money is a key reason why so many foreigners are choosing to make Bosnia and Herzegovina their home.
| Expense Category | Estimated Monthly/Annual Cost (in BAM / EUR) |
|---|---|
| International School (per child, annual fee) | 10,000 – 25,000 BAM / €5,100 – €12,800 |
| Private Bosnian School (per child, annual fee) | 4,000 – 8,000 BAM / €2,050 – €4,100 |
| Groceries (for a couple, monthly) | 400 – 600 BAM / €205 – €307 |
| Utilities (for 85m² Apt, monthly) | 150 – 250 BAM / €77 – €128 |
| Internet (Fiber Optic, monthly) | 30 – 50 BAM / €15 – €25 |
| Fitness Club Membership (1 adult, monthly) | 50 – 80 BAM / €25 – €41 |
| Private Healthcare Consultation | 50 – 80 BAM / €25 – €41 |
| Monthly Public Transport Pass (Sarajevo) | 53 BAM / ~€27 |
15) Shopping & Souvenirs
Shopping in Bosnia and Herzegovina is a delightful journey into a world of traditional craftsmanship, unique artistry, and authentic local products. The most memorable shopping experiences are found not in modern malls, but in the historic bazaars of cities like Sarajevo and Mostar. The heart of Sarajevo’s shopping scene is the Baščaršija, the city’s old Ottoman market. Wandering its labyrinthine cobblestone streets is a sensory experience, where the rhythmic tapping of coppersmiths’ hammers fills the air. This is the best place to find genuine, handmade souvenirs that tell a story of the country’s rich cultural heritage. From intricate metalwork to beautiful textiles, the Baščaršija offers a treasure trove of items that are both beautiful and deeply connected to Bosnian tradition.
One of the most iconic souvenirs to bring home from Bosnia is a traditional copper coffee set. These beautiful, hand-hammered sets typically include a “džezva” (a long-handled copper pot for brewing coffee), small ceramic cups called “fildžani,” and a decorated copper tray. They are not just decorative items but are fully functional, allowing you to replicate the ritual of brewing and serving Bosnian coffee at home. Coppersmiths’ Street (Kazandžiluk) in Sarajevo is lined with workshops where you can watch artisans at work and purchase these beautiful sets directly from the people who made them. Other popular copper and metal items include decorative plates, lamps, and jewelry, all featuring traditional Bosnian and Ottoman motifs.
The country’s weaving and textile traditions also produce wonderful souvenirs. Handwoven kilim rugs, with their bold geometric patterns and rich colors, make for stunning and authentic home decor. You can find them in various sizes, from small prayer mats to large area rugs. For a more portable textile gift, consider purchasing traditional Bosnian slippers (“papuče”), which are often made of leather and decorated with intricate embroidery. In the colder months, warm, hand-knitted wool socks, hats, and sweaters with traditional patterns are both practical and beautiful. These items showcase the incredible skill of local artisans, often women from rural communities who have preserved these traditions for generations.
Beyond handicrafts, Bosnia offers a range of delicious gourmet souvenirs. A bottle of high-quality “rakija” (fruit brandy), the national spirit, is a popular choice, with plum (“šljivovica”) and grape (“loza”) being the most common varieties. Jars of local honey, artisanal jams made from forest berries, and containers of “kajmak” (a creamy dairy product similar to clotted cream) are other excellent culinary takeaways. For those with a sweet tooth, a beautifully packaged box of “baklava” or other traditional sweets makes for a perfect gift. Shopping in Bosnia is more than just acquiring objects; it is an opportunity to engage with local culture, support traditional craftsmanship, and bring home a meaningful and authentic piece of this remarkable country.
Back to Top16) Nightlife & Entertainment
The nightlife and entertainment scene in Bosnia and Herzegovina is characterized by its relaxed, sociable, and café-centric culture. Rather than a landscape dominated by large, loud super-clubs, the evenings here are more about lingering conversations, live music, and enjoying the company of friends in a cozy and inviting atmosphere. The capital, Sarajevo, offers the most diverse range of options, with a vibrant scene that caters to all tastes, from quiet, traditional pubs to modern, stylish cocktail bars. The heart of the city’s nightlife beats in the area around the Baščaršija and along the main Ferhadija pedestrian street. As evening falls, the city’s countless cafes and bars fill with locals and visitors alike, creating a lively but laid-back buzz that is infectious and welcoming.
A quintessential part of the Bosnian evening is the coffee and bar culture. During the day, cafes are for coffee; at night, many of these same venues transform into bars serving local beer, wine, and cocktails. In the summer months, the culture of the “bašta” (garden or terrace) takes over. Bars and cafes spill out onto the sidewalks, squares, and hidden courtyards, creating a wonderful open-air social scene. Exploring the smaller alleyways of the old town will reveal hidden gems: intimate bars tucked away in historic buildings, perfect for a quiet glass of wine or a local “rakija.” For those seeking a more traditional pub atmosphere, there are several establishments that offer a wide selection of local and international beers in a cozy, rustic setting.
While the scene is not dominated by nightclubs, there are options for those who want to dance. Sarajevo has a number of clubs that get busy on weekends, playing a mix of Balkan pop, international hits, and electronic music. These venues are generally more modern and are located slightly outside the historic old town. The city also has a burgeoning alternative scene, with underground clubs and cultural centers hosting live bands, DJ nights, and art events. Other cities like Mostar and Banja Luka also have their own lively nightlife scenes, particularly during the summer months when the student population and tourists swell the numbers. In Mostar, many bars are situated with beautiful views of the floodlit Old Bridge, offering a truly magical setting for an evening drink.
Beyond bars and clubs, entertainment in Bosnia and Herzegovina often revolves around cultural events. The Sarajevo Film Festival in August is the peak of the city’s social calendar, with open-air screenings and events taking over the city. Throughout the year, venues like the National Theatre in Sarajevo present a program of opera, ballet, and drama. Live music is also a popular form of entertainment, with many pubs and cultural centers hosting local bands playing everything from traditional “sevdalinka” to rock and jazz. The overall nightlife experience in Bosnia is less about high-octane partying and more about connection, conversation, and enjoying the simple pleasure of a good drink in a beautiful and historic setting.
Back to Top17) Insider Travel Tips
To truly unlock the heart of Bosnia and Herzegovina, it helps to go beyond the surface with a few insider travel tips. First and foremost, embrace the local coffee culture. Bosnian coffee is not a quick caffeine fix; it is a social ritual to be savored. Find a traditional “kafana” in the Baščaršija, order a “bosanska kafa,” and take your time. Watch how the locals do it, relax, and let the world go by. This simple act is one of the best ways to feel the rhythm of the country and observe daily life. Similarly, don’t be afraid to strike up a conversation. Bosnians are generally very friendly, curious about visitors, and happy to share their stories. Learning a few basic Bosnian phrases will go a long way in breaking the ice and will be met with genuine appreciation.
When exploring Sarajevo, look down as well as up. You will notice “Sarajevo Roses” on the pavement—these are scars in the concrete left by mortal shells during the siege, which have been filled with red resin as a memorial to the victims. They are a poignant and powerful reminder of the city’s recent history. For a deeper understanding of this history, consider taking a guided tour that focuses on the siege. A local guide can provide personal insights and stories that you will never find in a guidebook, offering a profound and moving context to the city you are exploring. Also, take advantage of the city’s topography. Take the cable car up to Mount Trebević for stunning panoramic views and to see the abandoned 1984 Olympic bobsled track, now a unique canvas for street art.
For a truly authentic culinary experience, look for “aščinice.” These are traditional canteens that serve a variety of slow-cooked Bosnian dishes, like stews and stuffed vegetables. You can point to what you want, and they offer a delicious, home-cooked meal for a very low price. While ćevapi and burek are must-tries, exploring an aščinica will give you a much broader taste of true Bosnian cuisine. Another tip is to always carry cash. While cards are accepted in larger establishments, many smaller cafes, family-run restaurants, and market stalls are cash-only. The local currency is the Convertible Mark (BAM), and having small bills on hand is always useful.
Finally, get out of the main cities. While Sarajevo and Mostar are incredible, much of Bosnia’s soul lies in its stunning countryside and smaller towns. Renting a car for a day or two can be an incredibly rewarding experience. Drive through the mountains, stop in small villages, visit the stunning Kravica waterfalls, or explore the medieval town of Počitelj. For hikers, be aware of the landmine risk and download a safety app like “Pazi Mine!” which shows maps of suspected hazardous areas. Sticking to marked trails is essential. By venturing off the main tourist trail, you will discover a side of Bosnia that is breathtakingly beautiful, incredibly hospitable, and utterly unforgettable.
Back to Top18) Etiquette & Customs
Understanding and respecting the local etiquette and customs is key to having a positive and enriching experience in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The culture is built on a foundation of warmth, hospitality, and strong social bonds. When you are invited into someone’s home, it is considered a genuine gesture of friendship. It is customary to bring a small gift for the host, such as a box of chocolates, a bag of coffee, or flowers. Upon entering a home, you should always remove your shoes; your host will likely offer you a pair of slippers to wear. You will almost certainly be offered coffee, a drink, and something to eat. It is polite to accept these offerings, as refusing can be seen as a slight. Hospitality is a point of pride, and your hosts will want to ensure you feel welcome and comfortable.
Greetings are an important part of daily interaction. When meeting someone for the first time, a firm handshake with direct eye contact is the standard custom for both men and women. It is polite to greet people with a time-appropriate phrase, such as “Dobro jutro” (good morning), “Dobar dan” (good day), or “Dobro veče” (good evening). When entering a shop, cafe, or any small establishment, it is considered polite to greet the staff or the room in general. While the local languages can seem complex, making an effort with these simple greetings will be warmly received. Bosnians are generally very forgiving of foreigners’ attempts to speak the language and will appreciate the effort.
The social lifeblood of the country is its coffee culture. The ritual of drinking coffee is a slow, deliberate affair meant for conversation and relaxation. If you are invited for coffee, do not expect it to be a quick, 15-minute event. It is an opportunity to socialize, and you should be prepared to sit and chat for a while. Rushing the experience is considered rude. Similarly, meals are social occasions. It is polite to wait until everyone is served before starting to eat, and it is common for the host to say “Prijatno” (enjoy your meal) before you begin. It is considered a compliment to the cook to accept a second helping if it is offered.
Due to the country’s recent and tragic history, it is important to be sensitive when discussing the war of the 1990s. While many people are open to sharing their experiences, it is a deeply personal and often painful topic. You should never initiate conversations about the war or politics. Let your local contacts guide the conversation, and if they choose to speak about it, listen with empathy and respect. Avoid making generalizations or taking sides. By approaching the people of Bosnia and Herzegovina with politeness, genuine curiosity, and sensitivity, you will be welcomed with an open-hearted hospitality that is one of the country’s greatest treasures.
Back to Top19) Basic Language Tips
While you will find that English is spoken by many younger people and those in the tourism industry in Bosnia’s major cities, taking the time to learn a few basic phrases in the local language will transform your travel experience. The official languages are Bosnian, Croatian, and Serbian, but they are all mutually intelligible. Making an effort to say “hello” or “thank you” in the local tongue is a simple sign of respect that is deeply appreciated by Bosnians and will often be rewarded with a warm smile and even better service. The language is phonetic, meaning words are generally pronounced as they are spelled, which makes it easier for beginners to pick up. Don’t worry about getting the grammar perfect; your effort is what truly matters and it will help you connect more authentically with the culture.
Greetings and basic pleasantries are the best place to start. A simple “Zdravo” or “Ćao” (both meaning hello/bye) is common and friendly. For more formal situations or when entering a shop, use time-specific greetings: “Dobro jutro” (Good morning), “Dobar dan” (Good day), and “Dobro veče” (Good evening). The two most important words you can learn are “Molim” (Please) and “Hvala” (Thank you). “Molim” is a wonderfully versatile word; it can also mean “you’re welcome” or “pardon me.” If someone thanks you (“Hvala”), a good reply is “Nema na čemu” (You’re welcome). These simple words are the foundation of polite interaction and will be used constantly throughout your trip.
When you are out and about, a few practical phrases will make navigating daily situations much easier. To get someone’s attention, you can say “Izvinite” (Excuse me). If you need to ask for the price of something in a market, you can ask, “¿Pošto je ovo?” (How much is this?). In a restaurant, to order you can say “Ja bih…” (I would like…). For example, “Ja bih jednu kafu, molim” (I would like one coffee, please). When you’re ready to pay, you can ask the waiter, “Račun, molim” (The bill, please). Being able to handle these small interactions in the local language will not only be helpful but will also enrich your dining and shopping experiences.
Finally, a few key questions and statements can help you in a pinch. “Govorite li engleski?” means “Do you speak English?”. “Ne razumijem” means “I don’t understand.” A very useful phrase is “¿Gdje je…?” which means “Where is…?”. You can use this to ask for the bathroom (“¿Gdje je toalet?”), the bus station (“¿Gdje je autobuska stanica?”), or any other location. And of course, learning “Da” for “Yes” and “Ne” for “No” is fundamental. Even this small collection of phrases will go a long way in making your journey through Bosnia and Herzegovina smoother, more interactive, and far more memorable.
| English Phrase | Bosnian Translation |
|---|---|
| Hello | Zdravo / Ćao |
| Good morning | Dobro jutro |
| Good day | Dobar dan |
| Good evening | Dobro veče |
| Goodbye | Doviđenja / Ćao |
| Please | Molim |
| Thank you | Hvala |
| You’re welcome | Nema na čemu |
| Yes | Da |
| No | Ne |
| Excuse me / Sorry | Izvinite / Oprostite |
| Do you speak English? | Govorite li engleski? |
| I don’t understand | Ne razumijem |
| Where is the restroom? | Gdje je toalet? |
| How much is this? | Pošto je ovo? |
| The bill, please | Račun, molim |
| I would like… | Ja bih… |
| One coffee, please | Jednu kafu, molim |
| Water | Voda |
| Cheers! | Živjeli! |
20) Useful Resources
To make the most of your trip to Bosnia and Herzegovina, it’s wise to consult a variety of reliable resources both before and during your journey. The country’s official tourism website, managed by the Foreign Trade Chamber, can be a good starting point for getting an overview of the main destinations and attractions. However, for more detailed and practical planning, the websites of regional and local tourist boards are often more useful. The official tourism site for Sarajevo (visitsarajevo.ba) is excellent, providing a wealth of information on events, tours, and practical tips for the capital. Similarly, regional tourism websites for Herzegovina or specific cities can offer more targeted information for your itinerary.
For planning overland travel, which is the primary way to get around the country, several online resources are indispensable. The website getbybus.com is a valuable tool for finding schedules and routes for the extensive intercity bus network. While you often still need to buy the ticket at the station, it allows you to plan your journeys effectively. For the scenic train ride between Sarajevo and Mostar, the official website of the national railway company, Željeznice Federacije Bosne i Hercegovine (zfbh.ba), provides the most accurate timetable. For accommodation, international platforms like Booking.com have extensive listings across the country, from city hotels to rural guesthouses, with user reviews that are crucial for making informed decisions.
Before traveling, it is absolutely essential to check the official travel advisory provided by your home country’s government (e.g., the U.S. Department of State, UK’s FCDO). These resources provide the most current information on safety, security, and any specific entry requirements for Bosnia and Herzegovina. For health-related advice, the websites of the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) offer reliable information on recommended vaccinations and general health precautions for travelers. Registering your trip with your embassy or consulate before you leave is also a prudent step, as it allows them to assist you in case of an emergency.
Once you are in the country, several digital tools can greatly enhance your experience. A reliable navigation app like Google Maps works well in cities and on main roads. For hiking and exploring rural areas, downloading an offline map app is recommended. Crucially, given the history of the conflict, there are apps available, such as the “BH Mine Suspected Areas” app, which can show maps of areas suspected of containing unexploded landmines, an essential tool for anyone planning to hike independently. A language translation app can also be very helpful for communication. By combining these digital resources with the invaluable local knowledge of hotel staff, tour guides, and the friendly people you meet, you will have all the tools you need for a safe, smooth, and unforgettable journey through Bosnia and Herzegovina.
| Resource | Description |
|---|---|
| Visit Sarajevo | visitsarajevo.ba – The official tourism board for the Sarajevo Canton. |
| Herzegovina Tourism | herzegovina.travel – Official tourism site for the Herzegovina region. |
| GetByBus | getbybus.com – A comprehensive resource for checking intercity bus schedules. |
| Željeznice FBiH (Railways) | zfbh.ba – Official website for train schedules, including the Sarajevo-Mostar line. |
| Your Government’s Travel Advisory | Provides essential safety, security, and entry requirement information. |
| OLX.ba (Nekretnine) | The leading classifieds site for researching long-term housing rental costs. |
| Sarajevo Film Festival | sff.ba – Official site for the country’s largest cultural event. |
| BH Mine Suspected Areas App | An important safety resource for hikers and those exploring rural areas. |
