Travel Guide for Cape Verde

Brief History

The history of Cape Verde is unique in that the archipelago was entirely uninhabited before the arrival of European explorers in the 15th century. Portuguese and Genoese navigators, under the patronage of the Portuguese crown, first landed on the islands around 1456. In 1462, Portuguese settlers established the first permanent European settlement in the tropics on the island of Santiago, founding the town of Ribeira Grande (now known as Cidade Velha). The islands’ strategic location off the coast of West Africa quickly made them a pivotal hub in the burgeoning transatlantic slave trade. Throughout the 16th and 17th centuries, Cape Verde prospered as a center for commerce and a provisioning point for ships. Enslaved Africans were brought to the islands, and their labor was used on cotton and sugarcane plantations. The islands became particularly known for the production of *pano* cloths, a valuable commodity used in the slave trade on the African mainland. This period of economic growth was also marked by the presence of merchants, privateers, and pirates, drawn by the archipelago’s wealth. However, the decline of the slave trade in the 19th century plunged the islands into a severe economic crisis. This, combined with recurrent droughts and famines, led to widespread emigration, a pattern that would continue for centuries and create a large Cape Verdean diaspora around the world.

The 20th century brought significant political changes to Cape Verde. In 1951, in response to growing nationalist sentiment, Portugal changed the status of Cape Verde from a colony to an overseas province, granting its inhabitants Portuguese citizenship and greater access to education. However, the desire for self-determination continued to grow, fueled by the African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde (PAIGC), a liberation movement active in both Portuguese Guinea (now Guinea-Bissau) and Cape Verde. Following the Carnation Revolution in Portugal in 1974, which overthrew the dictatorial regime, the path to independence was opened. On July 5, 1975, Cape Verde peacefully achieved its independence, with Aristides Pereira becoming the first president. Initially, there were plans for unification with Guinea-Bissau, but a coup in Guinea-Bissau in 1980 strained relations and led to the formal separation of the two nations’ political structures. The PAIGC in Cape Verde was renamed the African Party for the Independence of Cape Verde (PAICV). For its first 15 years of independence, Cape Verde was a one-party state under the PAICV. Responding to growing pressure, the country transitioned to a multi-party democracy in 1990. The first multi-party elections were held in 1991, marking a new era of political stability and democratic governance that has characterized the nation ever since.

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Geography

Cape Verde is an archipelago of ten islands and several islets of volcanic origin, situated in the central Atlantic Ocean approximately 570 kilometers off the westernmost point of continental Africa. The islands are divided into two distinct groups based on their position relative to the prevailing northeasterly trade winds: the Barlavento (windward) group to the north and the Sotavento (leeward) group to the south. The Barlavento islands consist of Santo Antão, São Vicente, Santa Luzia (which is uninhabited), São Nicolau, Sal, and Boa Vista. The Sotavento islands include Maio, Santiago (the largest island in both size and population), Fogo, and Brava. Covering a combined land area of just over 4,000 square kilometers, the islands exhibit a remarkable diversity of landscapes. Three islands—Sal, Boa Vista, and Maio—are characterized by their flat, sandy, and arid terrain, with extensive salt flats. In contrast, islands like Santo Antão, Santiago, Fogo, and São Nicolau are much more mountainous and rugged, with dramatic cliffs rising steeply from the ocean and towering peaks. The highest point in the archipelago is the active volcano Pico do Fogo on the island of Fogo, which reaches an elevation of 2,829 meters.

The climate of Cape Verde is a subtropical dry climate, milder than that of the nearby African mainland due to the moderating influence of the surrounding ocean. The islands experience very little rainfall, placing them within the Sahelian semi-arid belt. The rainy season, known as *Tempo das Chuvas*, is short and irregular, typically occurring between August and October, and is characterized by brief, heavy downpours. For the rest of the year, during the *Tempo de Brisas* (windy season) from October to mid-July, the islands are dry and often swept by strong winds, which can cause significant soil erosion, especially on the windward islands. Average daily high temperatures are pleasant year-round, ranging from about 25°C in January to 29°C in September. This arid climate, combined with the volcanic soil, presents significant challenges for agriculture, which is only viable on the wetter, more mountainous islands where sugarcane fields and banana plantations can be found in the interior valleys. The geographical isolation of the archipelago has led to the evolution of a number of endemic species of plants, birds, and reptiles, making Cape Verde a unique and important area for biodiversity.

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Politics and Government

Cape Verde operates as a stable and democratic semi-presidential republic. The framework of its government is established by the constitution, which was first adopted in 1980 and has undergone substantial revisions, most notably in 1992 to establish a multi-party system. The political system is built on the principle of the separation of powers among the executive, legislative, and judicial branches. The head of state is the President, who is elected by a direct popular vote for a five-year term and can be re-elected once. The President’s role includes serving as commander-in-chief of the armed forces and representing the nation on the international stage. The head of government is the Prime Minister, who is nominated by the National Assembly and formally appointed by the President. The Prime Minister, along with the Council of Ministers, holds the primary executive power and is responsible for defining and executing the country’s general internal and external policies.

The legislative branch of the Cape Verdean government is the unicameral National Assembly (*Assembleia Nacional*), which is composed of 72 members. These members are elected by popular vote through a system of proportional representation for five-year terms. The National Assembly is the primary law-making body in the country and is also responsible for overseeing the actions of the government. The judiciary is independent of both the executive and legislative branches, a cornerstone of the country’s commitment to the rule of law. The judicial system is headed by the Supreme Court of Justice, whose members are appointed through a combination of presidential, parliamentary, and judicial council selections. Since the introduction of a multi-party system in the early 1990s, Cape Verde has been characterized by a stable two-party system, with power alternating peacefully between the African Party for the Independence of Cape Verde (PAICV) and the Movement for Democracy (MpD). The country is widely recognized for its strong democratic institutions, respect for human rights, and political freedoms, often ranking as one of the most democratic nations in Africa.

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Law and Criminal Justice

The legal and criminal justice system of Cape Verde is founded on the principles of a civil law system, inherited from its Portuguese colonial past. The supreme law of the land is the Constitution of the Republic of Cape Verde, which was enacted in 1992 and has since been amended. This constitution not only establishes the framework for the country’s democratic governance and the separation of powers but also guarantees fundamental human rights and freedoms for all its citizens. The legal framework is further composed of a hierarchy of laws, including ordinary laws passed by the National Assembly, decree-laws issued by the government, and various regulations. The judiciary is constitutionally mandated to be an independent branch of government, responsible for the administration of justice and ensuring the protection of the rights and legally protected interests of citizens. This independence is a cornerstone of the nation’s commitment to the rule of law and is seen as essential for maintaining political stability and public trust.

The structure of the judiciary in Cape Verde is hierarchical. At the apex is the Supreme Court of Justice, which serves as the highest court of appeal for both civil and criminal cases. Below the Supreme Court are the Courts of Second Instance (appellate courts) and the Courts of First Instance (district courts), which are the trial courts where most cases are initially heard. There is also a Constitutional Court, which has the specific mandate of reviewing the constitutionality of laws and government acts. The criminal justice process is governed by the Penal Code and the Code of Criminal Procedure. These codes define criminal offenses, set out the corresponding penalties, and detail the procedures for investigation, prosecution, and trial. Law enforcement is primarily the responsibility of the National Police and the Judiciary Police, who are tasked with preventing crime, conducting investigations, and bringing offenders to justice. The system also places a strong emphasis on the rights of the accused, including the right to a fair trial, the right to legal representation, and the presumption of innocence. Despite the challenges faced by a small island developing state, Cape Verde is generally regarded as having a functioning and relatively effective criminal justice system that respects the rule of law.

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Foreign Relations

Cape Verde’s foreign policy is characterized by a commitment to nonalignment and the pursuit of cooperative and friendly relations with a wide range of nations. The country actively engages in foreign affairs, particularly with other African nations, and places a strong emphasis on diplomacy and multilateralism. As a small island nation with limited natural resources, Cape Verde has strategically leveraged its foreign relations to promote its economic development, enhance its security, and amplify its voice on the global stage. A key pillar of its foreign policy is its strong relationship with Lusophone (Portuguese-speaking) countries, including Portugal, Brazil, and the Community of Portuguese Language Countries (CPLP). These historical and linguistic ties have fostered close political, economic, and cultural cooperation. Additionally, Cape Verde maintains robust relationships with the European Union, which is a major development and trade partner, and with the United States, which has recognized the country’s stable democracy and strategic location.

The country is an active member of numerous international organizations, including the United Nations, the African Union, and the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS). This participation allows Cape Verde to contribute to and benefit from international cooperation on a wide range of issues, from peace and security to sustainable development and climate change. Reflecting its global outlook, Cape Verde hosts a number of embassies in its capital city, Praia, including those of Angola, Brazil, China, France, Germany, Portugal, Russia, Senegal, and the United States. In turn, Cape Verde maintains its own diplomatic missions in key partner countries across Africa, the Americas, Asia, and Europe. This diplomatic network is essential for promoting Cape Verde’s interests abroad, attracting foreign investment, and serving the needs of its large diaspora community. The country’s consistent record of political stability, democracy, and respect for human rights has earned it a positive reputation in the international community, further strengthening its foreign relations and its ability to forge strategic partnerships.

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Administrative Divisions

The administrative structure of Cape Verde is organized into a single tier of local government, consisting of 22 municipalities, known in Portuguese as *concelhos*. These municipalities serve as the primary administrative divisions of the country, responsible for local governance and the provision of public services to their communities. The establishment of these municipalities and their boundaries is determined by national law, and they are the fundamental units of political and administrative organization below the central government. Each of the nine inhabited islands of the archipelago is home to at least one municipality. The largest island, Santiago, is divided into nine separate municipalities, reflecting its larger population and geographical area. In contrast, smaller islands like Brava and Maio each constitute a single municipality. This system allows for a degree of decentralized governance, enabling local authorities to address the specific needs and priorities of their respective island communities.

Each municipality is governed by an elected municipal assembly (*assembleia municipal*), which serves as the legislative body, and a municipal chamber (*câmara municipal*), which functions as the executive body. The members of both the assembly and the chamber, including the president of the municipal chamber (who acts as the mayor), are elected by popular vote for four-year terms. This democratic process ensures that local governments are accountable to the citizens they serve. For administrative purposes, the municipalities are further subdivided into 32 civil parishes, or *freguesias*. While these parishes do not have their own separate governing bodies, they serve as important geographical and statistical units within the municipalities. This administrative framework, with its clear division of responsibilities between the central government and the municipalities, provides a structure for effective governance and public administration throughout the diverse islands of the Cape Verdean archipelago.

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Economy & Commodities

The economy of Cape Verde is predominantly service-oriented, a characteristic shaped by its limited natural resources, arid climate, and strategic location. The services sector, encompassing commerce, transport, tourism, and public services, is the backbone of the economy, accounting for over 70% of the country’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Tourism, in particular, has become the main driver of economic growth, attracting significant foreign investment and creating numerous employment opportunities. The country’s beautiful beaches, warm climate, and political stability have made it an increasingly popular destination for European tourists, especially on the islands of Sal and Boa Vista. This reliance on tourism, however, also makes the economy vulnerable to external shocks, as demonstrated by the global travel disruptions in recent years. To mitigate this, the government is actively working to diversify the economy, with a focus on developing other sectors such as renewable energy, information and communication technology, and the blue economy.

Cape Verde faces significant challenges due to its scarcity of natural resources. The country has very few mineral deposits, with salt, pozzolana (a volcanic rock used in cement production), and limestone being the most notable. Agriculture is also severely constrained by the arid climate and limited freshwater resources. Only four of the ten main islands—Santiago, Santo Antão, Fogo, and Brava—can support significant agricultural production. As a result, Cape Verde is heavily dependent on food imports, with over 90% of all food consumed in the country being brought in from abroad. The main agricultural products grown locally include bananas, corn, beans, sweet potatoes, and sugarcane. The fisheries sector holds significant potential for the economy, given the country’s extensive exclusive economic zone, but it remains underdeveloped. In terms of trade, Cape Verde’s main exports are fish and seafood, clothing, and footwear, while its primary imports are foodstuffs, fuel, and industrial products. The country’s main trading partners are predominantly European nations, particularly Portugal and Spain.

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Science and Technology

The development of science and technology in Cape Verde is a growing priority for the nation as it seeks to build a more diversified and knowledge-based economy. Recognizing the limitations of its resource-scarce environment, the country has identified science, technology, and innovation as key drivers for sustainable development and increased global competitiveness. The government has been actively promoting policies aimed at fostering a culture of scientific inquiry, strengthening research and development capacities, and integrating new technologies across various sectors of the economy. A key focus area has been the development of information and communication technology (ICT). The country has made significant investments in improving its digital infrastructure, including fiber optic cables and mobile networks, to enhance connectivity and provide a foundation for the growth of a digital economy. This has led to the emergence of a small but vibrant tech startup scene, particularly in the capital city of Praia.

Another critical area of scientific focus in Cape Verde is renewable energy. Given the country’s abundant wind and solar resources, there is a strong push to transition away from its heavy reliance on imported fossil fuels for electricity generation. This has involved the development of wind farms and solar power plants, as well as research into other renewable energy technologies. The government has set ambitious targets for renewable energy penetration, aiming to become a leader in sustainable energy in the region. Furthermore, there is a growing interest in marine science and technology, given the country’s vast exclusive economic zone. Research in this area is focused on understanding and sustainably managing the country’s marine resources, which hold significant potential for the development of the blue economy. The collaboration between local universities, research institutions, and international partners is crucial for advancing the country’s scientific and technological capabilities and for translating research into practical applications that can contribute to the nation’s long-term prosperity.

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Philosophy

The philosophical landscape of Cape Verde is a rich tapestry woven from the threads of its unique history, Creole culture, and the intellectual currents of Africa, Europe, and the Americas. While a formal, academic philosophical tradition may not be as prominent as in larger nations, philosophical thought is deeply embedded in the country’s music, literature, and oral traditions. At the heart of Cape Verdean philosophy is the concept of “morabeza,” a term that encapsulates a sense of hospitality, kindness, and a laid-back, welcoming spirit. This is not merely a social custom but a deeply ingrained worldview that emphasizes human connection, community, and a peaceful approach to life. It reflects a collective resilience forged through centuries of hardship, including slavery, famine, and emigration. The philosophy of morabeza is a testament to the Cape Verdean people’s ability to find joy and create strong social bonds in the face of adversity.

Another central theme in Cape Verdean thought is the concept of “sodade,” a feeling of longing and nostalgia that is a recurring motif in the country’s music and poetry. This deep-seated sentiment stems from the long history of emigration that has shaped the nation’s identity. Sodade is a complex emotion that encompasses a sense of loss, a yearning for a distant homeland, and a profound connection to the sea, which both separates and connects the islands to the wider world. The philosophical explorations of sodade delve into questions of identity, memory, and the human condition, reflecting the experience of a diasporic people who have maintained strong cultural ties despite being scattered across the globe. Through these and other philosophical concepts, Cape Verdean culture offers a unique and poignant perspective on the universal themes of community, resilience, and the enduring power of the human spirit.

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Cultural Etiquette

Understanding and respecting the cultural etiquette of Cape Verde is key to having a positive and enriching experience in this welcoming archipelago. Cape Verdean culture is a unique blend of African and European influences, and its people are known for their warmth and hospitality, a concept known as *morabeza*. Greetings are an important part of daily interactions. A handshake is the most common form of greeting in both formal and informal settings, often accompanied by a friendly “Olá” (hello), “Bom dia” (good morning), “Boa tarde” (good afternoon), or “Boa noite” (good evening). Among friends and in more familiar settings, a light kiss on each cheek is also common. It is considered polite to inquire about a person’s well-being and their family. Elders are held in high regard in Cape Verdean society and should always be greeted first and shown deference as a sign of respect.

When it comes to social gatherings and dining, a few customs are worth noting. Punctuality is generally more relaxed in social situations, and arriving a little late is not usually considered rude. However, for business meetings or more formal appointments, it is best to be on time. If you are invited to a Cape Verdean home, it is a thoughtful gesture to bring a small gift for the host, such as fruit, pastries, or a bottle of wine. When dining, it is polite to wait until everyone is served before beginning to eat. Hospitality is a cornerstone of the culture, and it is considered polite to accept any food or drink that is offered. Dressing modestly, especially when visiting churches or rural communities, is a sign of respect. While beachwear is appropriate at the beach and resorts, it is best to cover up when in towns and villages. By being mindful of these social graces, visitors can show their appreciation for the local culture and will be rewarded with the genuine warmth and friendliness of the Cape Verdean people.

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Sports and Recreation

Sports and recreation are an integral part of life in Cape Verde, with a variety of activities enjoyed by locals and visitors alike. The country’s pleasant year-round climate and diverse landscapes provide an ideal setting for a wide range of outdoor pursuits. By far, the most popular sport in the archipelago is football (soccer). It is played with passion at all levels, from organized leagues and inter-island competitions to informal pickup games on dusty fields and city streets. The national football team, known as the “Blue Sharks,” has achieved notable success in recent years, qualifying for the Africa Cup of Nations and bringing a great sense of pride to the nation. Many talented Cape Verdean players, or those of Cape Verdean descent, have also made their mark in top European leagues, further fueling the country’s love for the beautiful game.

Beyond football, Cape Verde’s stunning natural environment makes it a premier destination for water sports. The consistent trade winds, especially from November to June, create near-perfect conditions for windsurfing and kitesurfing, attracting enthusiasts from around the world to the islands of Sal and Boa Vista. In fact, Cape Verde has produced world champions in these sports, solidifying its reputation as a top-tier location. The clear, warm waters of the Atlantic also offer excellent opportunities for diving, snorkeling, and sport fishing, with big-game fishing for marlin and tuna being particularly popular. On land, the mountainous islands of Santo Antão, São Nicolau, and Fogo provide a spectacular backdrop for hiking and trekking. The jaw-dropping ravines, lush green valleys, and awe-inspiring volcanic craters offer a network of trails for all abilities, from gentle walks to challenging ascents like the climb up Pico do Fogo. Other popular recreational activities include basketball, volleyball, and the traditional African board game of *ouri*.

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Environmental Concerns

As a small island developing state with a fragile ecosystem, Cape Verde faces a number of significant environmental challenges. The country’s arid climate and limited natural resources make it particularly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change, including rising sea levels, increased frequency of extreme weather events, and desertification. Water scarcity is one of the most pressing environmental issues. The islands receive very little rainfall, and the high demand for water from a growing population and a burgeoning tourism industry puts immense pressure on the country’s limited freshwater resources. To address this, Cape Verde has invested heavily in desalination plants, which provide a significant portion of the country’s drinking water, but these are energy-intensive and have their own environmental considerations.

Another major environmental concern is soil erosion. The combination of arid conditions, strong winds, and occasional torrential rains, coupled with deforestation and overgrazing in the past, has led to significant land degradation. This not only affects the country’s limited agricultural potential but also threatens its unique biodiversity. The government, with the support of international partners, has been implementing large-scale reforestation and soil and water conservation programs to combat this problem. Protecting the country’s marine and coastal ecosystems is also a high priority. The rich biodiversity of the waters surrounding the archipelago is threatened by overfishing, pollution, and the impacts of coastal development. The establishment of marine protected areas and the promotion of sustainable tourism practices are key strategies for safeguarding this vital natural heritage for future generations. Through these and other initiatives, Cape Verde is demonstrating a strong commitment to addressing its environmental challenges and pursuing a path of sustainable development.

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Marriage & Courtship

In Cape Verde, marriage and courtship customs are a rich blend of African traditions and Portuguese influences, reflecting the Creole culture of the islands. While modern dating practices are becoming more common, especially among the younger generation in urban areas, traditional values continue to play an important role in the way relationships are formed and celebrated. Historically, courtship was a more formal process, often involving the families of the prospective couple. While arranged marriages are not a feature of Cape Verdean society, gaining the approval and blessing of both families is still considered an important step before a couple decides to marry. The concept of family is central to Cape Verdean life, and marriage is often seen not just as a union of two individuals, but as the joining of two families. This emphasis on family and community support provides a strong foundation for married life.

The wedding itself is typically a significant social event, often involving a large celebration with extended family and friends. Most Cape Verdeans are Roman Catholic, and a church ceremony is a common and important part of the wedding proceedings. These ceremonies are filled with religious symbolism and tradition. Following the ceremony, the celebration continues with a lively reception, or *copo d’água*, which is a feast of food, music, and dancing. Traditional Cape Verdean music, such as *morna* and *coladeira*, is an essential element of the celebration, creating a festive and joyous atmosphere. The strong sense of community is evident in the way that everyone comes together to celebrate the new union, reinforcing the social bonds that are so important in Cape Verdean culture. While the specific customs may vary from island to island and from family to family, the core values of love, family, and community are at the heart of every Cape Verdean wedding.

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Work Opportunities

The labor market in Cape Verde is characterized by both opportunities and challenges, reflecting the country’s unique economic landscape as a small island developing state. The services sector is the largest employer, driven primarily by the flourishing tourism industry. The growth of tourism, particularly on the islands of Sal and Boa Vista, has created a significant number of jobs in hotels, restaurants, transportation, and other related services. This has provided employment opportunities for many Cape Verdeans, although a large portion of these jobs can be seasonal and may not always offer long-term stability. The government has been actively promoting vocational training in the tourism and hospitality sectors to improve the skills of the local workforce and enhance the quality of services offered to tourists.

Beyond tourism, there are emerging opportunities in other sectors as the country seeks to diversify its economy. The development of the blue economy, which focuses on the sustainable use of ocean resources, is a key priority. This includes promoting the fisheries sector, aquaculture, and marine-based tourism. The construction industry has also been a significant source of employment, fueled by both public infrastructure projects and private investments in tourism and real estate. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in developing the information and communication technology (ICT) sector, with the government investing in digital infrastructure to position Cape Verde as a potential hub for tech services in the region. For foreign nationals, work opportunities are most likely to be found in specialized fields where there is a shortage of local expertise, particularly in management positions within the tourism industry or in technical roles related to engineering, technology, and marine science. Obtaining a work permit is generally required for non-citizens, and the process is managed by the relevant government authorities.

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Education

The education system in Cape Verde has made significant progress since the country’s independence, with the government placing a high priority on providing access to education for all its citizens. The system is largely based on the Portuguese model and is overseen by the Ministry of Education. Education is compulsory and free for all children between the ages of six and eighteen, encompassing both primary and a portion of secondary education. The structure of the education system begins with pre-school education, which is available for children from the age of four. This is followed by six years of primary education (*Ensino Básico*), which is divided into two cycles. Upon successful completion of primary school, students move on to secondary education (*Ensino Secundário*), which is also divided into two cycles. The first cycle is part of the compulsory education system, while the second cycle offers both general and technical streams, preparing students for either higher education or the workforce.

Despite the challenges of a developing nation with a geographically dispersed population, Cape Verde has achieved a relatively high literacy rate, one of the highest in West Africa. The country has also been working to improve the quality and relevance of its education system. This includes efforts to improve teacher training, update curricula, and increase the availability of school materials and infrastructure. Higher education is offered at a number of public and private institutions, with the University of Cape Verde and the Jean Piaget University of Cape Verde being the most prominent. These institutions offer a range of undergraduate and postgraduate programs in various fields. However, access to higher education can be a challenge for students from more remote islands or from lower-income families. To address this, the government and various organizations offer scholarships and other forms of support to help students pursue their academic goals. For those seeking vocational training, there are also several institutes that offer specialized programs in areas such as tourism, engineering, and nursing, which are crucial for meeting the demands of the country’s growing economy.

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Communication & Connectivity

Cape Verde has a relatively well-developed communication and connectivity infrastructure, especially when compared to other countries in the region. The country has made significant investments in modernizing its telecommunications network to support its growing economy and tourism sector. Mobile phone usage is widespread, with a high penetration rate across the islands. There are two main mobile network operators, CV Móvel and Unitel T+, which provide good coverage in most populated areas. 4G services are available in the main cities and tourist hubs, offering reliable mobile internet access. For travelers, purchasing a local SIM card is an easy and affordable way to stay connected. These can be bought at the airport or at official stores of the mobile operators in the main towns.

Fixed-line internet services are also widely available, particularly in urban areas and tourist resorts. Many hotels, restaurants, and cafes offer free Wi-Fi to their customers. The country is connected to the global internet via submarine fiber optic cables, which has significantly improved the speed and reliability of internet connections in recent years. While the internet speeds may not always be as fast as in some European or North American countries, they are generally sufficient for most online activities, including browsing, email, and social media. The government has also been promoting the development of public Wi-Fi hotspots in squares and other public areas to further enhance connectivity for both residents and visitors. The postal service is operated by Correios de Cabo Verde and provides both domestic and international mail services. While it may not be as fast as in some other countries, it is generally reliable. Overall, visitors to Cape Verde will find that staying connected is relatively easy and convenient, allowing them to share their travel experiences and stay in touch with home.

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National Symbols

The national symbols of Cape Verde are a powerful reflection of the nation’s history, values, and natural environment. They were officially adopted in 1992, following the country’s transition to a multi-party democracy, to represent a new era of national identity, distinct from its colonial past. The national flag is perhaps the most prominent of these symbols. It features a deep blue field, representing the vast Atlantic Ocean and the sky, which surrounds the ten islands of the archipelago. A horizontal red stripe, bordered by two white stripes, runs across the lower half of the flag. The red stripe symbolizes the effort and struggle for independence, while the white stripes represent the road to building the nation in peace. A circle of ten yellow stars, representing the ten main islands, is centered on the red stripe. The circular arrangement of the stars symbolizes the unity of the Cape Verdean people and the nation they have built together.

The national emblem, or coat of arms, of Cape Verde is rich with symbolism. It contains a circle in which the name of the nation, “República de Cabo Verde,” is inscribed. At the center of the circle is an equilateral triangle, a symbol of unity and equality, which contains a torch, representing the freedom gained after a long struggle. At the top of the emblem is a plumb bob, symbolizing righteousness and the uprightness of the nation’s constitution. Below the circle are three chain links, representing the links between the islands and the diaspora, and two palm leaves, symbolizing the victory won in the struggle for national independence. The ten stars from the flag are also present, ringing the central circle. The national anthem is “Cântico da Liberdade” (Chant of Freedom), which replaced the former anthem that was shared with Guinea-Bissau. In terms of natural symbols, the endemic Cape Verde Shearwater and the Cape Verde Giant Gecko are important representatives of the country’s unique fauna, while the Dragon Tree, a striking and ancient plant, is a notable part of its flora.

Category	Symbol
Flag	Blue field with white and red stripes, and ten yellow stars in a circle.
Coat of Arms	A circle with a torch in a triangle, a plumb bob, chain links, palm leaves, and ten stars.
Anthem	“Cântico da Liberdade” (Chant of Freedom).
National Motto	“Unidade, Trabalho, Progresso” (Unity, Work, Progress).
Endemic Fauna	Cape Verde Shearwater, Cape Verde Giant Gecko, Raso Lark.
Endemic Flora	Dragon Tree (Dracaena draco), Campânula (Campanula jacobaea).
Cultural Symbol	Morna music, a symbol of “sodade” (longing and nostalgia).
Cultural Symbol	Pano cloth, a traditional hand-woven textile.

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Tourism

Tourism is the main engine of the Cape Verdean economy, a vibrant and rapidly growing sector that has transformed the archipelago into one of Africa’s most popular and sought-after holiday destinations. The country’s primary appeal lies in its stunning natural beauty, characterized by long, white-sand beaches, turquoise waters, and a year-round warm and sunny climate. The islands of Sal and Boa Vista are the epicenters of the tourism industry, hosting a wide array of all-inclusive resorts, hotels, and guesthouses that cater to a predominantly European clientele. These islands offer the perfect setting for a relaxing beach holiday, with ample opportunities for sunbathing, swimming, and simply unwinding by the sea. The consistent trade winds also make these islands a world-class destination for water sports, particularly windsurfing and kitesurfing, attracting both seasoned professionals and beginners who come to take advantage of the ideal conditions.

Beyond the sun and sand, Cape Verde offers a diverse range of experiences for the more adventurous and culturally curious traveler. The mountainous islands of Santo Antão, São Nicolau, and Fogo are a paradise for hikers and nature lovers, offering a network of stunning trails that wind through lush green valleys, dramatic canyons, and volcanic landscapes. The ascent of Pico do Fogo, the country’s highest peak and an active volcano, is a particularly rewarding challenge for experienced hikers. The archipelago is also rich in culture and history. The colonial town of Cidade Velha on Santiago, a UNESCO World Heritage site, offers a glimpse into the country’s past as a hub of the transatlantic slave trade. The vibrant city of Mindelo on São Vicente is known as the cultural capital of Cape Verde, famous for its lively music scene, colonial architecture, and bustling markets. With its unique blend of natural beauty, cultural richness, and the legendary *morabeza* (hospitality) of its people, Cape Verde offers a truly unforgettable travel experience.

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Visa and Entry Requirements

Understanding the visa and entry requirements for Cape Verde is an essential part of planning your trip to this beautiful Atlantic archipelago. For many travelers, the process is relatively straightforward. Citizens of most European countries, the United Kingdom, the United States, and Canada, among others, can enter Cape Verde for tourism purposes for up to 30 days without needing a visa. This visa-free access has made it much easier for a large number of tourists to visit the islands. However, it is crucial to note that even for visa-exempt nationalities, there is a mandatory pre-arrival registration and payment of an Airport Security Fee (TSA). This registration must be completed online through the official EASE (Efficient, Automatic and Safe Entry of travellers) platform, preferably at least five days before your arrival. The fee can be paid by credit card during the online registration process.

For nationalities that are not visa-exempt, or for those planning to stay longer than 30 days, a visa is required. Visas can be obtained in advance from a Cape Verdean embassy or consulate in your country of residence. Alternatively, for many nationalities, a visa on arrival can be obtained at any of the country’s four international airports: Sal, Boa Vista, Santiago (Praia), or São Vicente. It is important to check the specific requirements for your nationality before you travel. Regardless of your visa status, all visitors must have a passport that is valid for at least six months beyond the intended date of departure from Cape Verde. It is also advisable to have proof of a return or onward flight ticket and a reservation for your accommodation. For travelers arriving from countries with a risk of yellow fever transmission, a certificate of vaccination may be required. As entry requirements can change, it is always best to verify the latest information with the official Cape Verdean authorities or your nearest embassy before you travel to ensure a smooth and hassle-free entry.

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Useful Resources

• Official EASE Platform (for pre-arrival registration)
• Official Government of Cape Verde Website
• Official Tourism Website of Cape Verde
• Embassy of Cape Verde in the United States
• World Bank – Cape Verde Profile

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