KR Booking

July 17, 2025

Eswatini Travel Guide

🇸🇿 Eswatini Travel Guide

21) Brief History

The history of the Kingdom of Eswatini is a compelling narrative of a proud and resilient people who forged a nation amidst the turbulent currents of Southern African history. For the discerning traveler seeking to understand the soul of Africa’s last absolute monarchy, a journey into its rich and layered past is essential. The story of Eswatini is one of skillful diplomacy, the preservation of a vibrant and unique culture, and a determined quest to maintain its sovereignty against the backdrop of colonialism and regional conflict. From the rise of the powerful Dlamini dynasty to the challenges of the modern era, the history of Eswatini is a captivating chronicle that provides a crucial context for appreciating the nation’s rich traditions, its royal heritage, and its enduring spirit. The origins of the Swazi nation can be traced back to the 18th century, when a branch of the Nguni people, under the leadership of King Ngwane III, migrated south from what is now Mozambique and settled in the fertile lands of the Pongola River. His successor, King Sobhuza I, led the people further inland to the area of modern-day Eswatini, a move that was driven by the desire to escape the growing power of the Zulu kingdom to the south. It was under the leadership of King Mswati II in the mid-19th century that the Swazi nation truly consolidated its power and expanded its territory. Mswati II was a brilliant military strategist and a skillful diplomat, and it is from him that the Swazi people derive their name. He successfully unified a number of different clans and created a strong and centralized kingdom that was able to resist the expansionist ambitions of its more powerful neighbors.

The late 19th century brought a new and formidable challenge with the arrival of European powers in Southern Africa. The Swazi kingdom found itself caught between the competing interests of the British and the Boers of the Transvaal Republic. Through a series of land concessions and complex diplomatic maneuvering, the Swazi leaders managed to maintain a degree of autonomy for their kingdom. However, in the aftermath of the Second Boer War, Swaziland became a British protectorate in 1903. The period of British rule brought significant changes to the country, including the introduction of a Western-style administration and the loss of a large portion of Swazi land to European settlers. However, unlike in many other colonies, the British largely allowed the traditional Swazi system of governance, with the King at its head, to continue to function. This helped to preserve the country’s unique cultural and political identity.

The 20th century was a period of rising nationalism and a growing desire for self-determination. Under the long and influential reign of King Sobhuza II, who came to the throne in 1921 and ruled for over 60 years, Swaziland successfully campaigned for its independence. On September 6, 1968, the country became the independent Kingdom of Swaziland. In the post-independence era, the country has been guided by a unique political system, a ‘Tinkhundla’ system of governance that combines traditional and modern elements. In 2018, to mark the 50th anniversary of the country’s independence, King Mswati III officially changed the name of the country from Swaziland to the Kingdom of Eswatini, a move that was designed to shed the country’s colonial-era name and to affirm its authentic Swazi identity. Today, a journey through Eswatini is a journey through this rich history, from the ancient rock art sites that dot the landscape to the vibrant cultural ceremonies that celebrate the enduring legacy of the Swazi monarchy.

22) Geography

The geography of the Kingdom of Eswatini is a stunning and diverse tapestry, a compact yet incredibly varied landscape that ranges from cool, mountainous highlands to hot, low-lying savannas. For the traveler, geographer, or nature enthusiast, Eswatini offers a unique opportunity to explore a remarkable cross-section of Southern African scenery in a small and accessible country. Located in the Southern African subcontinent, Eswatini is a landlocked nation, bordered by South Africa to the north, west, and south, and by Mozambique to the east. Despite its small size, covering just over 17,000 square kilometers, the country’s geography is remarkably diverse, with four distinct topographical regions that run from north to south. Understanding these unique geographical features is the key to unlocking the country’s rich biodiversity, its agricultural heart, and its reputation as the “Switzerland of Africa.” The westernmost region of Eswatini is the Highveld, a mountainous area that is an extension of the Drakensberg escarpment. This region is characterized by its rugged peaks, its deep river gorges, and its cool, temperate climate. The highest point in the country, Emlembe, which reaches an elevation of 1,862 meters (6,109 feet), is located in the Highveld. This region is a paradise for hikers and nature lovers, with its rolling green hills, its pristine forests, and its numerous waterfalls. It is also a major area for commercial forestry.

Moving east from the Highveld, the landscape descends to the Middleveld, a region of fertile, rolling hills and valleys. This is the agricultural heartland of Eswatini, where the majority of the population lives and where most of the country’s subsistence farming takes place. The climate in the Middleveld is subtropical, with warm, wet summers and cool, dry winters, making it ideal for a variety of crops. The country’s two largest cities, Mbabane, the administrative capital, and Manzini, the commercial hub, are located in this region. Further east, the terrain drops again to the Lowveld, a hot and dry savanna region. The Lowveld is characterized by its classic African bushveld scenery, with thorny acacia trees and vast grasslands. This region is home to the country’s main game reserves, including the Hlane Royal National Park, where visitors can see a wide variety of wildlife, including lions, elephants, rhinos, and a rich diversity of birdlife. The Lowveld is also a major area for commercial agriculture, particularly the cultivation of sugar cane, which is a key export for the country.

The easternmost region of Eswatini is the Lubombo Plateau, a narrow and mountainous ridge that forms the border with Mozambique. This region is characterized by its rugged beauty and its stunning views over the coastal plains of Mozambique. The climate here is subtropical and humid. The country’s river systems are a vital part of its geography. The four main rivers, the Komati, the Usutu, the Mbuluzi, and the Ngwavuma, all flow from the Highveld in the west, through the country, and into the Indian Ocean in Mozambique. These rivers are a vital source of water for agriculture, for industry, and for the daily lives of the people. From its misty mountain peaks to its wildlife-rich savannas, the geography of Eswatini is a constant source of wonder and a testament to the immense natural beauty of the Southern African continent.

23) Politics and Government

Understanding the political landscape of the Kingdom of Eswatini is essential for any traveler, business person, or individual with an interest in this unique and culturally rich Southern African nation. The country’s political system is a fascinating and complex model, a Diarchy, or a system of dual monarchy, that blends the traditional authority of the monarchy with a modern system of parliamentary government. For those seeking to engage with Eswatini on a deeper level, a grasp of its unique governance structure, which is deeply rooted in Swazi law and custom, is indispensable. Eswatini is an absolute monarchy, the last of its kind in Africa. The head of state is the Ngwenyama, or the King, who is a member of the Dlamini dynasty, which has ruled the country for centuries. The King is the central and most powerful figure in the country’s political and cultural life, and he holds supreme executive, legislative, and judicial power. He is not just a political leader but also the spiritual and cultural leader of the Swazi nation. The King rules in conjunction with the Ndlovukazi, or the Queen Mother, who is the spiritual head of the nation. This dual monarchy is a unique feature of the Swazi political system, with the King representing the “bull” and the Queen Mother representing the “she-elephant,” a symbol of the nation.

The legislative branch of the Eswatini government is a bicameral Parliament, consisting of a House of Assembly and a Senate. However, the Parliament’s role is largely advisory, as the King has the power to veto any legislation. The House of Assembly has up to 76 members. A portion of these members are elected by popular vote through a unique electoral system known as the ‘Tinkhundla’ system. The ‘Tinkhundla’ are traditional community councils, and they serve as the electoral districts for the country. The rest of the members of the House are appointed by the King. The Senate has up to 30 members, with some being appointed by the House of Assembly and the majority being appointed by the King. The political landscape of Eswatini is distinct from that of most other countries, as political parties are not allowed to contest elections. While there are a number of political parties in the country, they are not officially recognized and are unable to participate in the formal political process. This has been a source of significant political tension and a subject of ongoing debate within the country and in the international community.

The judiciary in Eswatini is a dual system, with a set of courts that are based on the Roman-Dutch common law tradition, and a set of traditional Swazi National Courts that deal with customary law. The King has the ultimate authority over the judiciary. For travelers, it is important to be aware of the political context in which they are operating. The country is generally stable and peaceful, and the monarchy is a deeply revered institution. However, it is important to be respectful of the local culture and traditions and to avoid public discussions or activities that could be seen as critical of the monarchy or the government. Understanding the structure and dynamics of the Eswatini government provides a valuable framework for navigating this fascinating and unique kingdom.

24) Law and Criminal Justice

For any traveler, expatriate, or business professional considering a visit or a venture in the Kingdom of Eswatini, a comprehensive understanding of the nation’s legal and criminal justice system is of paramount importance. Navigating a foreign legal landscape can be complex, and being well-informed about the laws, procedures, and cultural nuances can ensure a safe and successful experience. The legal framework of Eswatini is a unique and fascinating dual system, blending the principles of Roman-Dutch common law, a legacy of its colonial past, with the traditions of Swazi customary law. The foundation of Eswatini’s formal legal system is Roman-Dutch common law, which was inherited from the period of British protection. This means that the law is a mix of the uncodified common law tradition, where judicial precedent plays a significant role, and the codified principles of Roman law. The Constitution of the Kingdom of Eswatini is the supreme law of the land, and it establishes the structure of the government and guarantees a range of fundamental rights and freedoms for individuals. Alongside this formal legal system, Swazi customary law, or ‘Swazi Law and Custom,’ continues to play a vital and officially recognized role in the country’s legal landscape. This traditional legal system is based on the customs and traditions of the Swazi people and is administered by a system of traditional courts, known as the Swazi National Courts. These courts deal with a wide range of civil and criminal matters that are related to Swazi customs and traditions.

The criminal justice system in Eswatini is based on an adversarial model, similar to that found in other common law jurisdictions. In this system, the prosecution and the defense present their cases before a neutral judge or magistrate. Key principles of the criminal justice system include the presumption of innocence and the right to a fair trial. The structure of the judiciary in Eswatini is hierarchical. The court system consists of the Magistrates’ Courts, which deal with less serious criminal and civil cases; the High Court, which has jurisdiction over more serious cases; and the Supreme Court, which is the final court of appeal. Law enforcement in Eswatini is the responsibility of the Royal Eswatini Police Service, a national police force that is responsible for maintaining law and order, preventing and investigating crime, and ensuring public safety.

Eswatini is generally considered to be a relatively safe country with a lower crime rate than some of its neighbors. However, like any destination, it is important for visitors to take common-sense precautions, such as securing their valuables and being aware of their surroundings, particularly in urban areas. For foreign nationals, it is crucial to be aware of certain aspects of the law. The country has strict laws regarding the possession and trafficking of illegal drugs. It is also important to be respectful of the local culture and traditions, as the country is a monarchy with a deep respect for its royal family. Any criticism of the monarchy can be a sensitive issue. In the event of any legal issue, it is essential to seek professional legal advice and to contact your country’s embassy or consulate for assistance. By having a foundational understanding of Eswatini’s dual legal and criminal justice system, visitors can navigate the kingdom with greater confidence and respect for its laws, contributing to a positive and enriching experience in this unique and culturally rich nation.

25) Foreign Relations

The foreign relations of the Kingdom of Eswatini are a critical and carefully managed aspect of its national strategy, shaped by its geographical position as a landlocked country, its history, and its desire to maintain its sovereignty and to promote its economic development. For anyone seeking to understand modern Eswatini, whether as a tourist, investor, or student of international affairs, grasping the nuances of its diplomatic engagements is essential. The country’s foreign policy is characterized by its pragmatism, its principle of non-interference, and its focus on maintaining friendly relations with all countries. A cornerstone of Eswatini’s foreign policy is its relationship with its two powerful neighbors, South Africa and Mozambique. As a landlocked country, Eswatini is heavily dependent on these two countries for its access to the sea and for its trade routes. The country has a very close and integrated economic relationship with South Africa, with the Eswatini currency, the lilangeni, being pegged to the South African rand. South Africa is also Eswatini’s largest trading partner and a major source of its imports and investment. The relationship with Mozambique is also of great importance, providing another vital link to the Indian Ocean through the port of Maputo. The government of Eswatini works to maintain a stable and cooperative relationship with both of its neighbors, a policy that has been essential for its survival and prosperity.

Eswatini is an active member of a number of regional and international organizations. It is a member of the United Nations, the African Union, the Commonwealth of Nations, the Southern African Development Community (SADC), and the Southern African Customs Union (SACU). These platforms are crucial for Eswatini to project its voice on the world stage, to advocate for the interests of small and developing countries, and to promote regional economic integration and cooperation. The country has a long history of playing a constructive and peaceful role in regional affairs. Eswatini has also cultivated strong relationships with a number of other countries and regions. The United States and the countries of the European Union are important partners in trade and development assistance. The country has also strengthened its ties with countries in Asia, particularly with the Republic of China (Taiwan), with which it maintains full diplomatic relations. This relationship with Taiwan is a unique and defining feature of Eswatini’s foreign policy, as it is one of the few countries in the world to do so.

The country’s foreign policy is also focused on attracting foreign direct investment to support its economic diversification and development goals. The government is working to create a more business-friendly environment and to promote the country as a stable and attractive destination for investment. For travelers and businesses, the well-managed foreign relations of Eswatini translate into a stable, secure, and welcoming environment. The country’s strong relationships with its neighbors, its active engagement in regional and international affairs, and its commitment to peace and stability create a climate of confidence and reliability. A visit to Eswatini offers an opportunity to experience a country that is not only naturally beautiful and culturally rich but is also a respected and engaged member of the global community.

26) Administrative Divisions

For any traveler, researcher, or potential investor aiming to gain a comprehensive understanding of the Kingdom of Eswatini, familiarity with its administrative divisions is fundamental. This structure not only provides a framework for governance and public services but also reflects the country’s unique ‘Tinkhundla’ system of government, which blends modern and traditional elements. Exploring Eswatini’s regions, tinkhundla, and chiefdoms offers a fascinating journey through its varied landscapes, local communities, and system of grassroots governance, making it an essential topic for anyone seeking to navigate this compact and diverse nation. The primary administrative division in Eswatini is the region. The country is divided into four regions. Each region is headed by a Regional Administrator, who is appointed by the King. The regions are: Hhohho, in the northwest; Manzini, in the central-west; Lubombo, in the east; and Shiselweni, in the south. These regions are the main administrative units for the central government and are responsible for the coordination of government services at the regional level. The country’s two largest cities, Mbabane (the administrative capital) and Manzini (the commercial hub), are located in the Hhohho and Manzini regions, respectively.

Each of the four regions is further subdivided into ‘tinkhundla,’ which are the second and most important level of administrative and political division in Eswatini. There are 59 tinkhundla in the country. The tinkhundla are traditional community councils that serve as both administrative centers and electoral constituencies. This ‘Tinkhundla’ system of governance is a unique feature of the Eswatini political landscape. It is a system of decentralized governance that is designed to be based on traditional Swazi values and to promote grassroots participation. Each inkhundla is headed by an elected official known as an ‘Indvuna yeNkhundla.’ The tinkhundla are responsible for a wide range of local matters, including the coordination of community development projects.

The tinkhundla are then divided into even smaller units called chiefdoms, or ‘umphakatsi.’ The chiefdoms are the most basic unit of traditional administration in Eswatini and are headed by a chief, who is a hereditary leader. The chiefs play a crucial role in the day-to-day lives of the people, and they are responsible for allocating land, resolving local disputes, and upholding Swazi law and custom. This multi-layered administrative system, with its blend of modern regional administration and traditional tinkhundla and chiefdoms, is a unique and fascinating aspect of Eswatini’s culture and governance. For the informed traveler, this knowledge of Eswatini’s administrative divisions is not just a matter of geography; it is a key to understanding the country’s rich tapestry of cultures, its unique political system, and the character of its local communities.

27) Economy & Commodities

For anyone considering a trip to Eswatini, whether for tourism, business, or investment, a solid understanding of the nation’s economy and its key commodities is essential. The economic landscape of Eswatini is that of a small, landlocked, and developing country with a diversified economy that is closely integrated with that of its powerful neighbor, South Africa. The economy is characterized by a mix of commercial agriculture, manufacturing, and a growing service sector. While the country faces significant challenges, it has a number of strengths, including a stable and business-friendly environment and a well-developed infrastructure. The backbone of the Eswatini economy is agriculture. This sector employs a large portion of the population, with a distinction between small-scale subsistence farming on Swazi Nation Land and large-scale commercial agriculture on Title Deed Land. The main subsistence crop is maize. The most important commercial agricultural products are sugar cane, citrus fruits, and wood pulp. The sugar industry is a major driver of the economy, a significant source of export revenue, and a large employer. The country’s sugar is renowned for its high quality and is exported to markets in the region and in Europe.

The manufacturing sector is another key component of the Eswatini economy. The country has a diversified manufacturing base, producing a wide range of goods, including processed agricultural products, textiles, and beverages. The manufacturing sector has been a major beneficiary of foreign direct investment, and the government is actively working to attract more investment to this sector to create jobs and to further diversify the economy. The service sector, including tourism, is also a growing and important part of the economy. The country’s beautiful natural landscapes, its rich cultural heritage, and its excellent wildlife reserves make it an attractive destination for tourists. The government is working to develop the tourism industry as a key pillar of its economic diversification strategy.

In terms of commodities, sugar is the most important export commodity for Eswatini. The country also exports wood pulp, citrus fruits, and textiles. The country’s economy is heavily dependent on its trade with South Africa, which is its main trading partner. The Eswatini currency, the lilangeni, is pegged to the South African rand, which provides a high degree of monetary stability. The country faces a number of challenges, including a high rate of poverty and inequality, a high prevalence of HIV/AIDS, and a high level of unemployment, particularly among the youth. However, the country’s political stability, its good infrastructure, and its commitment to creating a favorable investment climate provide a solid foundation for its future economic growth. A visit to Eswatini offers a unique opportunity to experience a country that is not only rich in culture and natural beauty but is also a dynamic and resilient emerging market economy.

28) Science and Technology

The Kingdom of Eswatini, a nation renowned for its rich cultural heritage and its commitment to preserving its traditions, is also increasingly embracing science and technology as key tools for its development and for improving the lives of its people. For travelers with an interest in innovation and sustainable development in Southern Africa, exploring Eswatini’s approach to science and technology offers a unique and forward-looking perspective. The country is making a concerted effort to build its scientific and technological capacity, with a focus on areas that are most relevant to its development needs, such as agriculture, health, and information and communication technology. One of the most critical areas where science and technology are being applied in Eswatini is in the agricultural sector. With a large portion of the population dependent on farming for their livelihoods, improving agricultural productivity and food security is a top national priority. Scientific research is being conducted to develop more resilient and higher-yielding crop varieties, particularly for the country’s key crops of maize and sugar cane. Technology is also being used to promote more sustainable farming practices, such as water-efficient irrigation systems and integrated pest management.

In the health sector, science and technology are playing a crucial role in addressing the country’s major health challenges, particularly the high prevalence of HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis. The use of modern diagnostic tools, the development of public health surveillance systems, and the application of medical research are all vital for improving the health and well-being of the population. The use of mobile health (mHealth) technologies is also being explored as a way to improve access to healthcare services in rural areas. The development of information and communication technology (ICT) is another key pillar of Eswatini’s science and technology strategy. The government has made significant investments in building a modern telecommunications infrastructure, including a national fiber optic network. Internet and mobile phone penetration have been growing rapidly, connecting more and more Swazis to the digital world. The government is promoting the use of ICT to improve the delivery of public services in areas such as education and e-governance, and to create a more efficient and transparent system of administration.

While Eswatini is not a major center for high-tech research and development, it is a country that is thoughtfully and strategically using science and technology to build a more prosperous, sustainable, and equitable society. The country has a number of research institutions, such as the Eswatini Institute for Research in Traditional Medicine, Medicinal and Indigenous Food Plants, which is doing important work in documenting and preserving the country’s rich traditional knowledge. A visit to Eswatini offers a chance to see firsthand how a nation can blend its rich cultural heritage with the tools of modern science and technology to create a unique and hopeful path to development.

29) Philosophy

Delving into the philosophical landscape of the Kingdom of Eswatini offers a profound journey into the heart and soul of its people. The philosophy of Eswatini is not found in formal academic texts but is a living, breathing worldview, deeply rooted in its rich oral traditions, its complex social structures, and its profound respect for the monarchy and for the ancestors. For the thoughtful traveler, understanding this philosophy is the key to appreciating the nation’s vibrant culture, its strong sense of community, and the deep-seated values that have guided the Swazi people for centuries. At the absolute core of Swazi philosophy is the concept of ‘ubuntu,’ a worldview that is prevalent in many parts of Southern Africa. Ubuntu emphasizes the interconnectedness of humanity, the idea that “I am because we are.” This philosophy places a high value on community, harmony, and social cohesion. In Swazi society, an individual’s identity is defined by their relationships with their family, their clan, and their community. The well-being of the group is seen as being more important than the interests of the individual, and there is a strong emphasis on mutual support, generosity, and collective responsibility.

Another fundamental aspect of Swazi philosophy is a deep reverence for the monarchy and for the ancestors. The King, or the ‘Ngwenyama,’ is not just a political leader; he is the spiritual and cultural heart of the nation, a symbol of unity and a direct link to the nation’s ancestors. The Queen Mother, or the ‘Ndlovukazi,’ holds an equally important and revered position, and together they form a dual monarchy that is the foundation of the nation’s stability and identity. The ancestors are believed to be active and influential members of the community, who can offer guidance, protection, and blessings to the living. This belief has fostered a deep respect for tradition and for the wisdom of the elders. The annual Umhlanga (Reed Dance) and Incwala ceremonies are powerful and vibrant expressions of this philosophy, as they are not just cultural festivals but also a way for the nation to honor its King, to connect with its ancestors, and to reaffirm its collective identity.

The philosophy of Eswatini has also been shaped by its unique history of skillful diplomacy and its ability to maintain its independence and cultural integrity in a region that has often been marked by conflict. This has fostered a deep sense of national pride and a quiet confidence in the Swazi way of life. It is a philosophy that values tradition and continuity but is also pragmatic and adaptable. A journey to Eswatini is an invitation to experience this philosophy firsthand, in the warmth of the people’s hospitality, in the strength of their communities, in the pageantry of their royal ceremonies, and in the enduring sense of a nation that is deeply connected to its past and is walking confidently into the future.

30) Cultural Etiquette

For any traveler venturing to the beautiful and culturally rich Kingdom of Eswatini, understanding and respecting local etiquette is not just a matter of politeness, but a crucial step towards having a meaningful and positive experience. Swazi culture is deeply rooted in its traditions, its respect for the monarchy, and its strong sense of community. By taking the time to learn about these cultural nuances, travelers can foster genuine connections with the local people and navigate social situations with grace and confidence. Greetings are a cornerstone of social interaction in Eswatini and are treated with warmth and sincerity. A handshake is the most common form of greeting, and it is important to greet everyone present in a room or a group. It is considered polite to use your right hand when shaking hands, and you may support your right wrist with your left hand as a sign of respect, particularly when greeting an elder or a person of high social standing. It is customary to inquire about a person’s health and family, as this is a sign of genuine interest.

Respect for elders is a deeply ingrained value in Swazi culture. When interacting with older individuals, it is important to be respectful and to listen attentively. The monarchy is a deeply revered institution in Eswatini, and it is important to be respectful when speaking about the King and the royal family. Public criticism of the monarchy is not appropriate. If you are invited to a Swazi home, it is considered a great honor. It is customary to bring a small gift for the host. When dining, it is polite to wait for the host to begin eating before you start. It is also important to use your right hand when eating and when giving or receiving items. Dress code in Eswatini is generally conservative, particularly in rural areas and at cultural ceremonies. It is advisable to dress modestly. For women, this means wearing long skirts or dresses and covering the shoulders. When visiting a traditional homestead, it is customary for women to wear a ‘sidvashi,’ a traditional cloth that is wrapped around the waist.

When it comes to communication, Swazis are generally polite and indirect. It is important to be patient and to avoid being too direct or confrontational. Photography is a popular activity for travelers, but it is essential to be respectful when taking pictures of people. Always ask for permission before photographing individuals, particularly at cultural ceremonies like the Umhlanga (Reed Dance). During these ceremonies, there are specific rules and protocols to follow, and it is important to listen to the advice of your guide. By embracing these cultural norms, travelers can demonstrate their respect for the Swazi people and their traditions. This will not only enrich your own travel experience but will also contribute to a positive and respectful interaction between visitors and the host community. A journey to Eswatini is an opportunity to immerse yourself in a fascinating and welcoming culture, and a little bit of cultural awareness will go a long way in making that journey a truly unforgettable one.

31) Sports and Recreation

For the active traveler and sports enthusiast, the Kingdom of Eswatini offers a vibrant and passionate sporting culture that is deeply woven into the fabric of society. While the country may not be a major power on the international sporting stage, a closer look reveals a rich tapestry of sports that provide a unique window into the energy and spirit of the Swazi people. Engaging with the local sporting scene, whether as a spectator or a participant, can be a highly rewarding and memorable part of any visit to this beautiful and sports-loving nation. Football (soccer) is, without a doubt, the most popular sport in Eswatini. The passion for the game is a national obsession, and the country has a professional football league that generates a great deal of excitement and rivalry. On weekends, football fields across the country are filled with people of all ages playing the beautiful game. The national football team, known as “Sihlangu Semnikati” (The King’s Shield), enjoys a massive and fervent following, and their matches are a cause for national pride and celebration. For any football fan visiting Eswatini, catching a local match is an exciting and authentic experience.

In addition to football, a variety of other sports are popular in Eswatini. Athletics, particularly long-distance running, is a sport in which the country has produced a number of talented athletes. The country’s hilly terrain provides a natural and challenging training ground for runners. Other popular sports include boxing, netball, which is widely played by women, and cricket. The country’s stunning natural landscapes and its excellent network of protected areas offer a wealth of opportunities for outdoor recreation. Eswatini is a paradise for hikers and nature lovers, with a wide range of trails that take you through beautiful mountain scenery, pristine forests, and wildlife-rich savannas. The Malolotja Nature Reserve, with its rugged peaks and its network of hiking trails, is a particularly popular destination for serious hikers. The country’s game reserves, such as Hlane Royal National Park and Mkhaya Game Reserve, offer opportunities for guided walks and for getting up close to the country’s magnificent wildlife.

For those seeking a more adrenaline-fueled adventure, Eswatini offers a range of activities, including white-water rafting on the Great Usutu River, caving in the Gobholo Caves, and mountain biking on the country’s scenic trails. The country also has a number of excellent golf courses. The most unique and vibrant recreational and cultural events in Eswatini are the traditional ceremonies, such as the Umhlanga (Reed Dance) and the Incwala. While not sports in the traditional sense, these spectacular and energetic events involve a great deal of dancing and are a powerful expression of the country’s cultural and physical vitality. Whether you are a passionate football fan, a keen hiker, or an adventurous thrill-seeker, Eswatini offers a rich and rewarding sporting and recreational landscape that is sure to impress and inspire.

32) Environmental Concerns

The Kingdom of Eswatini, a nation of stunning natural beauty and remarkable biodiversity, is a country that has a long and proud history of conservation. For the eco-conscious traveler and anyone with an interest in sustainable development, understanding Eswatini’s environmental journey, including its successes and its ongoing challenges, is crucial for appreciating the country’s deep commitment to preserving its natural heritage. The country has been a pioneer in conservation in Southern Africa, but it also faces a number of significant environmental challenges that are linked to its developing economy and its growing population. The cornerstone of Eswatini’s conservation success has been its excellent network of national parks and protected areas. The country has a number of well-managed game reserves and nature reserves that are home to a rich diversity of wildlife, including the “Big Five” (lion, leopard, elephant, rhino, and buffalo). Hlane Royal National Park, Mkhaya Game Reserve, and Malolotja Nature Reserve are all shining examples of successful conservation, where populations of endangered species, such as the black rhino, have been protected and have been able to thrive. These parks are not only vital for conserving the country’s biodiversity but are also a major asset for the country’s growing tourism industry.

Despite its impressive conservation record, Eswatini still faces a number of environmental challenges. The country’s reliance on agriculture has led to a number of environmental issues. The expansion of commercial agriculture, particularly sugar cane and forestry plantations, has led to the loss of natural habitats. Soil erosion is a major problem in some parts of the country, particularly on the communal lands where subsistence farming is practiced. Water scarcity and water pollution are also growing concerns, as the demand for water from agriculture, industry, and a growing population puts pressure on the country’s river systems. The country is also working to address the challenges of waste management and to promote a more sustainable use of its natural resources.

Climate change poses a long-term threat to Eswatini. The country is vulnerable to the impacts of climate change, which include an increase in the frequency of droughts and floods. This could have a significant impact on the country’s agriculture and on its water resources. The government of Eswatini is working to build the country’s resilience to climate change and to transition to a more sustainable and low-carbon economy. For the responsible traveler, visiting Eswatini is an opportunity to support a country that is a true champion of conservation. By visiting the country’s national parks, choosing eco-friendly lodges and tour operators, and being mindful of one’s own environmental impact, you can be a part of the solution. A visit to Eswatini is a chance to experience the incredible beauty of the natural world and to be inspired by a nation that has shown a deep and enduring commitment to protecting its precious natural heritage.

33) Marriage & Courtship

For the culturally curious traveler, exploring the traditions of marriage and courtship in the Kingdom of Eswatini offers a fascinating window into the country’s rich social fabric, its deeply rooted values, and the enduring importance of family and community. Swazi marriage traditions are a vibrant and complex blend of ancient customs and modern influences, and they are a central and defining feature of the culture. In Eswatini, marriage is not simply a union between two individuals, but a profound alliance between two families. The process of marriage is a series of well-defined steps and rituals that involve the extended families of the bride and groom. The most significant of these is the ‘lobola,’ or the bride price. The lobola is a gift of cattle that is given by the groom’s family to the bride’s family. It is not seen as “buying” a bride, but rather as a gesture of respect and appreciation to the bride’s family for raising her. It is also a way of solidifying the bond between the two families and of demonstrating the groom’s commitment and ability to provide for his future wife. The negotiation of the lobola is a formal and important process that is conducted by the elders of the two families.

The wedding day itself is a joyous and festive occasion, a vibrant and colorful celebration that can last for several days. The wedding ceremonies are a beautiful and heartfelt expression of Swazi culture, with much feasting, singing, and dancing. The bride and groom wear magnificent traditional attire, and the ceremonies are a spectacular display of the country’s rich cultural heritage. There are a number of different rituals and traditions that are performed during the wedding, all of which are designed to bless the new couple and to welcome the bride into her new family. Polygamy is a traditional and legally recognized practice in Eswatini, although it is becoming less common in modern society. A journey to Eswatini is an opportunity to experience a culture that has a deep and profound respect for the institution of marriage and for the importance of family and community.

34) Work Opportunities

For the ambitious professional or investor, the Kingdom of Eswatini presents a landscape of unique and emerging work opportunities. The country’s diversified economy, its stable political environment, and its strategic location in Southern Africa create a niche job market. While the country faces challenges, for those with the right skills and a willingness to embrace a different cultural and business environment, Eswatini can offer a rewarding career experience. The primary source of work opportunities in Eswatini is in the agricultural and manufacturing sectors. The country has a large and well-developed commercial agriculture sector, with a focus on sugar cane, citrus fruits, and forestry. This creates a demand for professionals with expertise in areas such as agronomy, agricultural engineering, and agribusiness management. The manufacturing sector is also a significant employer, with a focus on textiles, food processing, and beverages. There are opportunities for engineers, technicians, and managers in this sector.

The service sector is a growing and important part of the Eswatini economy. The tourism and hospitality industry has significant potential for growth, and there are opportunities for experienced professionals in hotel and lodge management, as well as in specialized areas such as eco-tourism and adventure tourism. The financial services sector is also developing, with opportunities in banking and insurance. For foreign nationals seeking to work in Eswatini, it is crucial to understand and comply with the country’s immigration and labor laws. A valid work permit is required to be legally employed, and these are typically granted to individuals with specialized skills that are not readily available in the local labor market. The process for obtaining a work permit is initiated by the employer and involves an application to the country’s Ministry of Labour and Social Security.

For those with an entrepreneurial spirit, Eswatini offers a number of opportunities, particularly in providing services that are currently underdeveloped. The government is working to create a more business-friendly environment and to attract more foreign direct investment. In conclusion, while the job market in Eswatini is small and specialized, it offers unique opportunities for those who are committed to contributing to the country’s development and to being a part of its journey of economic growth. The country’s peaceful and stable environment and its high quality of life make it an attractive destination for those who are looking for a different and more rewarding career path.

35) Education

For families considering a move to Eswatini, as well as for researchers and educators, understanding the nation’s education system is essential. The education system in Eswatini has made significant progress in recent decades and is a key priority for the government. The system is designed to provide a quality education for all its residents and to prepare them for life in a modern and developing economy, while also instilling in them a deep appreciation for their unique Swazi culture and heritage. Education in Eswatini is not compulsory, but the government has a policy of providing free primary education, which has led to a high rate of enrollment at the primary level. The education system is largely based on the British model and is managed by the Ministry of Education and Training. The curriculum is designed to provide a broad and comprehensive education, and the language of instruction is English. In addition to the public school system, Eswatini has a number of private schools, including several high-quality international schools. These schools are a popular choice for both Swazi and expatriate families and often offer an international curriculum. For higher education, Eswatini has a number of institutions, with the University of Eswatini being the main university in the country. The government is committed to investing in education and to improving the quality of its schools and universities. The high standard of education is a key factor in the country’s social and economic development and is a major asset for both its local and its expatriate communities.

36) Communication & Connectivity

For the modern traveler, digital nomad, or business professional venturing to the beautiful and culturally rich Kingdom of Eswatini, staying connected is a relatively straightforward experience. The landscape of communication and connectivity in Eswatini has seen significant development in recent years, with a rapid expansion of mobile networks and increasing access to the internet. Understanding the nuances of Eswatini’s communication infrastructure is key to managing your connectivity needs and making the most of your time in this well-connected nation. The primary means of communication for most people in Eswatini is the mobile phone. The country has a competitive mobile market, with two main mobile network operators: Eswatini Mobile and MTN Eswatini. Mobile phone coverage is extensive, with reliable 4G services available in all cities, towns, and major tourist areas. In the more remote and mountainous regions, mobile service can be less consistent, but the network is constantly expanding. For travelers, purchasing a local prepaid SIM card is a simple and cost-effective way to stay connected. SIM cards are readily available at the airport, at mobile phone shops, and at official outlets of the mobile network operators. You will need to present your passport to register the SIM card.

Internet connectivity in Eswatini has also improved significantly. In the major towns and tourist destinations, internet access is widely available. Most hotels, guesthouses, cafes, and restaurants offer Wi-Fi to their customers, although the quality and speed can vary. Fixed-line broadband internet services are widely available for residential and business properties in urban areas. The government of Eswatini is investing in the country’s telecommunications infrastructure and is working to expand the fiber optic network to provide faster and more reliable internet access across the country. It is important for visitors to set realistic expectations. While connectivity is good in most areas, it may not be as fast or as consistent as what you are used to at home. In the more remote rural areas, internet access can be slower or less reliable.

The media landscape in Eswatini is a mix of state-run and private media outlets. The state-run media has a significant presence, but there are also a number of private newspapers and radio stations that provide a diversity of viewpoints. In conclusion, staying connected in Eswatini is relatively easy and affordable. The country’s modern and competitive telecommunications infrastructure ensures that visitors can keep in touch with friends and family, work remotely, and share their incredible experiences of this beautiful and welcoming kingdom. A little bit of planning, such as purchasing a local SIM card, will ensure a smooth and connected experience.

37) National Symbols

For any visitor seeking a deeper appreciation of a country’s identity and heritage, understanding its national symbols is a captivating journey into its history, values, and natural wonders. In the Kingdom of Eswatini, these symbols are not merely decorative emblems; they are potent representations of the nation’s proud warrior heritage, its deep respect for the monarchy, and its rich natural environment. From the iconic shield on the national flag to the revered status of its national bird, these symbols offer a powerful narrative of the Swazi identity. The most prominent national symbol is the flag of Eswatini. Adopted in 1968, its design is a beautiful and symbolic representation of the nation’s history and culture. The flag consists of five horizontal stripes. The top and bottom stripes are blue, representing peace and stability. The two inner stripes are yellow, representing the country’s mineral wealth. The central stripe is a broad crimson band, representing the battles of the past. In the center of the crimson band is a large black and white Swazi shield from the Emasotsha regiment, which is decorated with two spears and a staff with ‘injobo’ tassels made from the feathers of the widowbird and the lourie. The shield represents protection from the country’s enemies, and the black and white colors symbolize the peaceful coexistence of the black and white people of Eswatini.

The coat of arms of Eswatini is another powerful symbol that encapsulates the nation’s monarchy and its wildlife heritage. The central feature of the coat of arms is a Swazi shield, which is supported by a lion and an elephant. The lion represents the King, or the ‘Ngwenyama,’ and the elephant represents the Queen Mother, or the ‘Ndlovukazi.’ This symbolizes the dual monarchy that is the foundation of the country’s political system. Above the shield is a ‘lidlabe,’ the traditional headdress of the King. Below the shield is a scroll with the national motto: “Siyinqaba,” which means “We are the fortress.” The national bird of Eswatini is the purple-crested lourie, a beautiful and colorful bird that is found in the country’s forests. The national flower is the Edna G. Dlamini, a variety of the Aloe species. The country’s rich flora and fauna are a source of great national pride.

The monarchy itself is the most powerful and enduring symbol of the Swazi nation. The King is the embodiment of the country’s unity and its traditions. The annual Umhlanga (Reed Dance) and Incwala ceremonies are not just cultural festivals; they are powerful and living symbols of the nation’s identity and its deep respect for its King and its culture. By familiarizing oneself with these national symbols, a traveler to Eswatini can gain a richer and more nuanced understanding of the country. These symbols provide a key to unlocking the stories, the history, and the values of the Swazi people, transforming a simple visit into a truly immersive cultural experience.

Symbol	Description
National Flag	A flag with blue, yellow, and crimson stripes, with a Swazi shield, spears, and a staff in the center. Symbolizes peace, mineral wealth, and the battles of the past.
Coat of Arms	A Swazi shield supported by a lion and an elephant, with a royal headdress above and the national motto below. Represents the dual monarchy.
National Motto	“Siyinqaba” (We are the fortress).
National Bird	Purple-crested Lourie (Gallirex porphyreolophus), a colorful bird representing the nation’s rich avifauna.
National Flower	Edna G. Dlamini (Aloe), symbolizing the country’s unique flora.
Cultural Symbol	The Monarchy and the traditional ceremonies of Umhlanga (Reed Dance) and Incwala, representing the heart of the nation’s identity.

38) Tourism

The Kingdom of Eswatini, the “Switzerland of Africa,” is a hidden gem for the discerning traveler, offering a rich and diverse tourism experience in a compact and accessible country. Tourism in Eswatini is a growing and important part of the economy, and the country has a well-deserved reputation for its stunning natural beauty, its vibrant cultural heritage, and the warmth and friendliness of its people. From thrilling wildlife encounters to spectacular cultural festivals, Eswatini is a destination that offers a unique and unforgettable African adventure. The greatest tourist attraction in Eswatini is its incredible network of national parks and wildlife reserves. The country has a long and proud history of conservation, and its parks are a haven for a wide variety of wildlife, including the “Big Five.” Hlane Royal National Park is the country’s largest protected area and is home to lions, elephants, and a large population of white rhinos. Mkhaya Game Reserve is a world-renowned sanctuary for endangered species, offering a unique opportunity to track black rhinos on foot. Malolotja Nature Reserve is a hiker’s paradise, with its rugged mountains, its pristine forests, and its breathtaking views. The country’s commitment to conservation has made it one of the best places in Africa to see rhinos in the wild.

The cultural heritage of Eswatini is another major draw for visitors. The country is one of the last remaining absolute monarchies in the world, and its traditions are a vibrant and integral part of daily life. The annual Umhlanga (Reed Dance) and Incwala ceremonies are spectacular and colorful festivals that attract visitors from around the world. These are not just tourist shows; they are authentic and deeply meaningful cultural events that offer a fascinating insight into the heart and soul of the Swazi nation. Visitors can also experience the local culture by visiting a traditional Swazi homestead, or ‘umphakatsi,’ and by exploring the country’s excellent craft markets, which are famous for their beautiful handmade candles, glassware, and woven baskets. A visit to Eswatini is more than just a safari; it is an immersion into a unique and vibrant culture, a chance to experience the warmth of the African spirit, and an opportunity to create memories that will last a lifetime.

39) Visa and Entry Requirements

For any traveler planning a trip to the beautiful and welcoming Kingdom of Eswatini, a thorough understanding of the visa and entry requirements is the essential first step in ensuring a smooth and hassle-free journey. Fortunately, Eswatini has a relatively straightforward and generous visa policy for tourists, making it an easy and accessible destination for many nationalities. However, it is crucial to stay up-to-date with the latest regulations, as they can be subject to change. A clear understanding of these requirements will allow you to prepare your travel documents in advance and to enter this beautiful Southern African kingdom with confidence. The visa policy of Eswatini is based on a system of visa-exempt nationalities. Citizens of a large number of countries, including the United States, the United Kingdom, the countries of the European Union, Australia, and New Zealand, do not need a visa to enter Eswatini for tourism or business purposes for a stay of up to 30 days. For citizens of other countries, it is essential to check with the nearest Eswatini embassy or consulate to determine if a visa is required. While a visa may not be required for many nationalities, all visitors must have a valid passport. The passport must be valid for at least six months from your intended date of entry into Eswatini. It is also a requirement to have at least two blank pages in your passport for the entry and exit stamps.

In addition to a valid passport, all visitors arriving in Eswatini must have a round-trip ticket or proof of onward travel. You may be asked to show this to the immigration officials upon arrival to demonstrate that you have the means to leave the country at the end of your stay. It is also advisable to have proof of pre-arranged accommodation for your stay, such as a hotel reservation. It is also a requirement to have evidence of sufficient funds to support yourself during your stay in Eswatini. Upon arrival at the airport or a land border, all visitors are required to complete an immigration form. This is a standard form that asks for your personal details, your passport information, and the details of your stay in the country.

For those who wish to stay in Eswatini for longer than the initial 30-day period, it is possible to apply for an extension of your stay. This can be done at the Ministry of Home Affairs in Mbabane. For those planning to travel to Eswatini for purposes other than tourism, such as to work, study, or live, specific permits and visas are required. It is illegal to work in the country on a tourist visa. The process for obtaining a work permit is initiated by the employer and is subject to the country’s labor laws and policies. By ensuring that you have a valid passport and a clear understanding of the visa requirements for your specific nationality, you can look forward to a seamless arrival and an unforgettable experience in the beautiful and welcoming Kingdom of Eswatini.