Ghana Travel Guide: Top Places to Visit and Tips
Table of Contents
1) Destination Overview
Ghana, often hailed as West Africa’s “golden child,” stands as a beacon of stability, democracy, and overwhelming hospitality, making it an ideal and accessible entry point for anyone wishing to explore the African continent. Located on the Gulf of Guinea, this vibrant nation offers a rich tapestry of experiences, from the bustling, cosmopolitan energy of its capital, Accra, to the serene, sun-drenched beaches of its Atlantic coastline. Beyond the urban centers lies a country of incredible diversity: lush rainforests teeming with wildlife, vast savannas in the north, and a history that is both profound and poignant. Ghana was the first sub-Saharan African country to gain independence from colonial rule in 1957, a legacy championed by its first president, Kwame Nkrumah, which instilled a deep sense of national pride and a forward-looking spirit that is palpable to this day. This is a country that warmly welcomes visitors, eager to share its rich culture, its powerful history, and its remarkable natural beauty.
The historical narrative of Ghana is deeply moving and globally significant. The coastline is famously dotted with a string of imposing forts and castles, such as Cape Coast Castle and Elmina Castle, which stand as haunting UNESCO World Heritage monuments. These formidable structures were once the centers of the transatlantic slave trade, serving as the final point of departure for millions of Africans forcibly taken from their homeland. A visit to these sites is an emotional and essential pilgrimage, offering a sobering reflection on a dark chapter of human history and the incredible resilience of the African spirit. This history has also made Ghana a vital destination for people of the African diaspora seeking to connect with their ancestral roots, a movement encouraged by initiatives like the “Year of Return.” This historical depth provides a powerful counterpoint to the country’s vibrant, modern-day culture.
The cultural landscape of Ghana is a kaleidoscope of color, music, and tradition, shaped by its more than 70 distinct ethnic groups, each with its own language and customs. The Ashanti people, with their rich history centered in the city of Kumasi, are renowned for their intricate kente cloth, adinkra symbols, and elaborate festivals presided over by chiefs in stunning regalia. The north of the country offers a different cultural experience, with unique traditional architecture, like the Larabanga Mosque, and a strong sense of community in its rural villages. This cultural richness is expressed through a dynamic arts scene, from the fantasy coffins of the Ga people to contemporary art galleries in Accra. Music is the nation’s heartbeat, with highlife and hiplife rhythms pouring out of shops and taxis, creating a soundtrack that is impossible not to move to.
For the traveler, Ghana offers a journey of immense variety. You can explore the canopy walkways of Kakum National Park, spot elephants in Mole National Park, relax on the pristine beaches of Busua and Kokrobite, or haggle for crafts in the sprawling Makola Market in Accra. The country’s reputation for safety and the widespread use of English make it a relatively easy country to navigate for independent travelers. The warmth and friendliness of the Ghanaian people are legendary; expect to be greeted with smiles and a welcoming “Akwaaba” wherever you go. Whether you are a history enthusiast, a nature lover, a cultural explorer, or simply seeking a destination with soul, Ghana promises a rich, rewarding, and deeply human travel experience that will stay with you long after you leave its shores.
2) Best Time to Visit and Why
Determining the best time to visit Ghana requires an understanding of its tropical climate, which is dominated by two primary seasons: the dry season and the rainy season. For the vast majority of travelers, the optimal time to visit is during the dry season, which runs from November to March. This period offers the most pleasant weather for travel and sightseeing. You can expect lower humidity, clearer skies, and an abundance of sunshine, making it ideal for exploring both the coastal areas and the country’s interior. The roads are in their best condition during this time, which is a crucial factor for traveling to more remote areas like Mole National Park. Temperatures are consistently warm, but the lower humidity, especially from December to February, makes the heat more manageable and comfortable for outdoor activities. This is considered the peak tourist season, so while the weather is perfect, you can expect higher prices for flights and accommodation.
A unique feature of the dry season is the Harmattan, a period from late December to late January when dry, dusty trade winds blow down from the Sahara Desert. This can create a hazy atmosphere, obscure the sun, and bring cooler nighttime temperatures, especially in the north. While the dust can be an irritant for some, it also creates a unique, atmospheric light and offers a respite from the more intense heat. The dry season is also an excellent time for wildlife viewing. As water sources become scarce, animals tend to congregate around the remaining rivers and waterholes, particularly in national parks like Mole, making them easier to spot. This period is also fantastic for enjoying Ghana’s beautiful beaches, with calm seas and sunny skies providing the perfect backdrop for relaxation or water sports.
The rainy season in Ghana varies slightly between the south and the north. In southern Ghana, there are two rainy seasons: a major one from April to July and a shorter one in September and October. The northern part of the country has a single rainy season, typically from May to October. During these months, the humidity climbs significantly, and rainfall can be heavy, often occurring in intense but short-lived tropical downpours. While the rain can disrupt travel plans and make some rural roads impassable, there are distinct advantages to visiting during this “green season.” The landscape is transformed into a lush, vibrant emerald paradise, which is stunningly beautiful. The waterfalls, such as Wli and Kintampo, are at their most powerful and spectacular. Furthermore, this is the low season for tourism, which means fewer crowds at major sites and significantly lower prices for hotels and tours.
For cultural enthusiasts, the timing of your visit might be dictated by Ghana’s vibrant festival calendar. Many of the most important traditional festivals, such as the Homowo festival of the Ga people in Accra and the Akwasidae festival of the Ashanti in Kumasi, take place throughout the year. The Aboakyer festival in Winneba in May and the Panafest, a biennial cultural festival held in Cape Coast and Elmina in July/August, are major events that draw large crowds. Attending one of these festivals is an unforgettable experience, offering a spectacular immersion into Ghanaian culture, music, and tradition. In conclusion, for the best weather and easiest travel conditions, November to March is the ideal window. However, for lush landscapes, powerful waterfalls, and lower prices, the rainy season has its own unique appeal, while cultural events can provide a compelling reason to visit at any time of the year.
3) Top Destinations and Best Hotel
Ghana’s diverse array of destinations offers a compelling journey through history, nature, and vibrant culture. The essential starting point for any trip is the bustling capital, Accra. This dynamic metropolis is the country’s economic and administrative heart, offering a dizzying blend of modern development and rich tradition. Visitors can explore historical landmarks in Jamestown, with its iconic lighthouse and bustling fishing community, or delve into the nation’s past at the Kwame Nkrumah Memorial Park and the National Museum. For a taste of local life, a visit to the sprawling Makola Market is a sensory overload in the best way possible. Accra is also a hub for contemporary African art, music, and fashion, with trendy neighborhoods like Osu offering a fantastic selection of restaurants, bars, and boutiques. It’s a city that perfectly encapsulates the energy and optimism of modern Ghana.
A journey along Ghana’s coastline is a journey into its soul-stirring history. The Cape Coast and Elmina are unmissable destinations, home to two of the largest and best-preserved slave castles. A guided tour of Cape Coast Castle and Elmina Castle is a profoundly moving and essential experience. These UNESCO World Heritage sites offer a harrowing look into the transatlantic slave trade, with their dark dungeons and the infamous “Doors of No Return.” Beyond the castles, the coastline is dotted with beautiful beaches perfect for relaxation. Busua and Kokrobite are popular spots, offering a laid-back atmosphere with guesthouses, beach bars, and opportunities for surfing lessons. The combination of sobering history and beautiful coastal scenery makes this region one of the most powerful and memorable in all of West Africa.
For nature and wildlife enthusiasts, Ghana’s national parks provide incredible opportunities for adventure. Kakum National Park, located near Cape Coast, is famous for its canopy walkway. Suspended 40 meters above the forest floor, this series of swinging bridges offers a unique, monkey’s-eye view of the rainforest canopy and its rich birdlife. In the north of the country lies Mole National Park, Ghana’s largest and most prestigious wildlife reserve. Here, visitors can embark on walking or driving safaris to see a wide range of animals, including elephants, buffalo, antelopes, warthogs, and various primates. The park’s accommodation is located on a stunning escarpment overlooking a waterhole, providing fantastic armchair wildlife viewing. For a different natural wonder, a visit to Wli Waterfalls in the Volta Region, the highest in Ghana, offers a refreshing swim after a scenic hike through the forest.
To complement these incredible destinations, Ghana offers a growing range of excellent hotels. In Accra, for unparalleled luxury and service, the Kempinski Hotel Gold Coast City is a top choice, offering lavish rooms, a beautiful pool, and world-class amenities. For a stylish boutique experience in the heart of Osu, Olma Colonial Suites provides beautifully decorated apartments with a personal touch. Near Cape Coast, the Zaina Lodge, located on the border of Mole National Park, sets the standard for luxury safari lodges in West Africa, with stunning infinity pools and well-appointed tented chalets. For a relaxing beach escape in Busua, the Busua Beach Resort is a long-established favorite, offering comfortable rooms and direct access to one of the country’s best beaches.
| Hotel Category & Location | Hotel Name and Booking.com Link |
|---|---|
| Luxury (Accra) | Kempinski Hotel Gold Coast City |
| Boutique Suites (Accra) | Olma Colonial Suites |
| Luxury Safari Lodge (Mole National Park) | Zaina Lodge |
| Beach Resort (Busua) | Busua Beach Resort |
| Eco-Lodge (Volta Region) | Biakpa Mountain Paradise |
4) Language & Culture
Ghana’s culture is a vibrant and dynamic force, a rich mosaic formed by its more than seventy ethnic groups, each contributing its own unique traditions, languages, and customs to the national identity. This diversity is a source of great strength and pride, creating a cultural landscape that is both complex and incredibly harmonious. The official language of Ghana is English, a legacy of its British colonial past. English is the language of government, business, and education, making Ghana a very accessible country for English-speaking travelers. However, it is just one of over eighty languages spoken in the country. The most widely spoken of the indigenous languages is Akan (which includes dialects like Twi and Fante), followed by Ewe, Ga, Dagbani, and Hausa. Most Ghanaians are multilingual, often speaking English, their own ethnic language, and one or two other local languages, navigating this linguistic diversity with ease.
At the heart of Ghanaian culture is a deep respect for tradition and community. The family, both nuclear and extended, is the fundamental social unit, and a strong sense of kinship and mutual responsibility binds communities together. Elders are held in very high esteem and are seen as the keepers of wisdom and tradition. This respect is reflected in the chieftaincy system, which remains a powerful and influential institution in many parts of the country, operating alongside the modern democratic government. Chiefs, particularly in regions like the Ashanti Kingdom centered in Kumasi, preside over traditional courts and are the custodians of the land and the spiritual well-being of their people. Witnessing a traditional ceremony or festival, with its elaborate regalia, drumming, and dancing, offers a spectacular glimpse into this enduring cultural heritage.
Religion plays a central role in the lives of most Ghanaians. The country is predominantly Christian, with a significant Muslim population, particularly in the northern regions, and a continued adherence to traditional animist beliefs. Ghana is renowned for its religious tolerance, with Christians and Muslims living side-by-side in peace and often participating in each other’s festivals. Religion is a vibrant and public affair, and the sound of gospel music from churches on a Sunday or the call to prayer from a mosque on a Friday is an integral part of the country’s soundscape. This deep faith informs a strong moral code and a generally conservative social outlook, which visitors should be respectful of, particularly regarding dress and public behavior.
Artistic expression is woven into the very fabric of Ghanaian society. The country is famous for its stunning and symbolic textiles, most notably the Kente cloth of the Ashanti and Ewe people. This handwoven fabric, with its intricate patterns and vibrant colors, was once reserved for royalty and is now a powerful symbol of Ghanaian and African identity. Adinkra symbols, visual icons that represent concepts or proverbs, are also ubiquitous, printed on fabrics and carved into pottery and architecture. Music and dance are life itself, with the infectious rhythms of highlife, hiplife, and Afrobeats providing the nation’s soundtrack. From the unique “fantasy coffins” of the Ga people, designed to reflect the life of the deceased, to the thriving contemporary art scene in Accra, Ghanaian culture is a feast for the senses, offering a rich and rewarding experience for every visitor.
5) Festivals & Events
Ghana’s cultural calendar is a vibrant and continuous celebration, punctuated by a spectacular array of festivals that offer visitors a unique and immersive window into the nation’s soul. These festivals are not mere tourist attractions; they are deeply significant events that mark harvests, commemorate historical events, and honor ancestors and traditional leaders. They are a riot of color, music, and dance, where entire communities come together to celebrate their heritage. Attending a festival is arguably the best way to experience the rich cultural tapestry of Ghana firsthand. The dates of many festivals are based on traditional calendars and can vary, so it’s always wise to check the timing before planning your trip around a specific event. However, no matter when you visit, there is likely to be a celebration happening somewhere in the country.
One of the most famous and accessible festivals is the Homowo festival, celebrated by the Ga people of Accra, usually in August. The name Homowo means “hooting at hunger,” and the festival commemorates a time when a great famine was followed by a bumper harvest. It is a lively and boisterous celebration that involves special meals of ‘kpekple’ (a type of steamed cornmeal), street processions, and traditional drumming and dancing. Another major event is the Aboakyer festival, or “deer hunting festival,” of the people of Winneba, which takes place in May. This thrilling festival sees two rival warrior groups compete to be the first to catch a live bushbuck from a nearby game reserve and present it to their chief. The atmosphere is electric, filled with pageantry, war chants, and celebration.
In the Ashanti Region, the Akwasidae festival is a grand and regal affair that takes place every 42 days, according to the Ashanti calendar. The festival is held at the Manhyia Palace in Kumasi and offers a spectacular opportunity to see the Ashanti King (Asantehene) and his sub-chiefs in all their splendor. The king arrives in a palanquin, adorned with magnificent gold jewelry, and presides over a ceremony filled with drumming, dancing, and horn blowing. It is a dazzling display of the wealth, power, and enduring traditions of the Ashanti Kingdom. For visitors, it is a rare chance to witness a living royal court in action, providing a deep insight into one of Africa’s most historically significant cultures. This is a must-see for anyone visiting the Kumasi region at the right time.
For those interested in the broader African diaspora, the Pan-African Historical Theatre Festival, or Panafest, is a major biennial event held in Cape Coast and Elmina, typically in late July and early August. This international festival brings together Africans from across the continent and the diaspora to celebrate and promote Pan-Africanism through theatre, music, dance, and intellectual discourse. A central part of the festival is the reverential and emotional candlelit procession and slave-ship-passage re-enactment at Cape Coast Castle, a powerful and moving tribute to the victims of the slave trade. From the regal pomp of Akwasidae to the solemn remembrance of Panafest, Ghana’s festivals offer a profound and unforgettable journey into the heart of its culture and history.
6) Local Cuisine
Ghanaian cuisine is a hearty, flavorful, and diverse reflection of the country’s rich agricultural landscape and its many ethnic groups. The food is centered around a starchy staple, which is served with a rich and often spicy soup or stew. The experience of eating in Ghana is as much about the community as it is about the food, with meals often shared from a communal bowl. The flavors are complex, built on a base of ingredients like tomatoes, onions, ginger, garlic, and fiery Scotch bonnet peppers. Palm oil, groundnut (peanut) oil, and coconut oil are all used to create rich and flavorful sauces. For any visitor, diving into the local cuisine is an essential and delicious part of the Ghanaian adventure, offering a true taste of West African hospitality and culture.
The undisputed king of Ghanaian starches is fufu, a soft and doughy ball made from pounded cassava and plantain. Preparing fufu is a labor-intensive process, and the rhythmic sound of it being pounded in a large wooden mortar and pestle is a common sound in any village. Fufu is not chewed but rather small pieces are broken off with the right hand, dipped into the accompanying soup, and swallowed. It is most famously served with groundnut soup (‘nkatenkwan’), a rich and creamy peanut-based soup, or light soup (‘nkrakra’), a thin and spicy tomato-based broth, often with goat meat or fish. Another popular staple is banku, a fermented corn and cassava dough, which has a slightly sour taste and is typically served with grilled tilapia and a spicy black pepper sauce called ‘shito’. Kenkey is similar to banku but is wrapped in corn husks and steamed.
Rice dishes are also extremely popular throughout the country. The most famous of these is Jollof rice, a beloved one-pot dish that is a point of national pride and the subject of a friendly culinary rivalry with Nigeria. Ghanaian Jollof is made by cooking long-grain rice in a flavorful sauce of tomatoes, onions, peppers, and spices, resulting in a vibrant orange-red dish that can be served on its own or with chicken, fish, or a side of fried plantain. Waakye (pronounced ‘waa-chay’) is another popular rice dish, made from cooking rice and beans together, which gives it a distinctive reddish-brown color. It is typically served as a hearty breakfast or lunch, accompanied by a variety of toppings like ‘gari’ (grated cassava), spaghetti, boiled eggs, and a generous ladle of shito.
Street food is a vibrant and essential part of the culinary scene in Ghana and offers some of the most delicious and affordable eats. All over the country, you will find vendors selling a variety of tasty snacks. Kelewele is a popular evening snack made from ripe plantain cubes seasoned with ginger, chili, and other spices, then deep-fried until caramelized and spicy. Grilled meat skewers, known as kebabs or ‘chichinga’, are also ubiquitous, as are roasted corn on the cob and fried yams. To wash it all down, there are plenty of refreshing local drinks, from fresh coconut water and pineapple juice to ‘sobolo’ (a hibiscus iced tea) and palm wine. Exploring the local cuisine, from a shared bowl of fufu in a village to a plate of spicy kelewele on a city street, is a journey for the senses and a highlight of any trip to Ghana.
7) Transportation
Navigating the vibrant and diverse landscapes of Ghana is an integral part of the travel experience, with a range of transportation options that cater to different budgets, comfort levels, and appetites for adventure. The system is a mix of formal and informal networks, and understanding how they work is key to exploring the country effectively. For long-distance travel between major cities like Accra, Kumasi, Cape Coast, and Tamale, air-conditioned coaches operated by private companies such as STC (State Transport Corporation) and VIP Jeoun are the most comfortable and reliable option. These buses generally run on a fixed schedule, offer comfortable seating, and are a safe way to travel. It is advisable to book your tickets at least a day in advance, especially for popular routes, as they can sell out quickly. These services provide a stress-free way to cover the large distances between Ghana’s main hubs.
For a more local and adventurous experience, the most common form of intercity transport is the tro-tro. These are minibuses or vans that serve as the backbone of Ghana’s public transport system, connecting virtually every town and village in the country. Tro-tros are incredibly cheap and offer a fascinating glimpse into daily Ghanaian life. They do not operate on a fixed schedule but instead leave from a designated “lorry park” or station when they are full. Journeys can be slow, with frequent stops to pick up and drop off passengers, and they are often crowded, with loud music providing the soundtrack. While they may lack the comfort of the larger coaches, riding a tro-tro is an essential Ghanaian cultural experience, offering countless opportunities for interaction with friendly locals. Just be prepared for a journey that is as much about the experience as it is about reaching the destination.
Within cities and for shorter distances, shared taxis are a very common way to get around. These taxis ply fixed routes and, like tro-tros, you can hop on and off anywhere along the way. They are slightly more expensive than a tro-tro but are often faster and less crowded. You can also hire a taxi for a private “dropping” service. Taxis in Ghana are not metered, so it is absolutely essential to negotiate and agree upon the fare with the driver before you begin your journey. In major cities like Accra, ride-hailing services like Uber and Bolt have become increasingly popular and offer a convenient and transparently-priced alternative to traditional taxis. These app-based services provide a fixed price upfront, removing the need for haggling and offering a higher degree of safety and accountability.
For those who desire complete independence, renting a car is an option, although it comes with challenges. While the main highways are generally paved, road conditions can be variable, with potholes being common, and driving standards can be erratic. A 4×4 vehicle is highly recommended, especially if you plan to visit national parks or travel on rural roads. A more popular and often more sensible option is to hire a car with a local driver. This removes the stress of navigating unfamiliar and sometimes chaotic roads, dealing with police checkpoints, and finding your way around. The cost is often only marginally higher than a self-drive rental, and you gain the invaluable benefit of your driver’s local knowledge, who can act as a de facto guide. For air travel, a couple of domestic airlines, primarily Africa World Airlines (AWA), connect Accra with regional capitals like Kumasi, Tamale, and Takoradi, offering a fast but more expensive way to cover long distances.
8) Weather & Climate
Ghana’s climate is tropical, characterized by warm to hot temperatures year-round and distinct wet and dry seasons. Its location just north of the equator means there is little variation in daylight hours throughout the year, but a significant variation in rainfall and humidity, which are the key factors for travelers to consider when planning a trip. The country can be broadly divided into two main climatic zones: the south, which includes the coastal plains and the Ashanti rainforest region, and the north, which is characterized by a hotter and drier savanna landscape. Understanding the timing of the seasons in the specific region you plan to visit is crucial for a comfortable and enjoyable journey. In general, the most pleasant time for travel across the entire country is during the main dry season.
The dry season in southern Ghana runs from November to March. This period is defined by lower humidity, minimal rainfall, and plenty of sunshine, making it the peak tourist season. Temperatures are consistently warm, with average daily highs ranging from 30°C to 33°C (86°F to 91°F). From late December to late January, the region experiences the Harmattan, a phenomenon where dry, dusty winds blow from the Sahara Desert. This can create a hazy sky and slightly cooler evenings, providing a welcome break from the humidity. The north of the country has a longer and more pronounced dry season, lasting from November to April. Here, the Harmattan is more intense, and temperatures can be very hot and dry, often exceeding 35°C (95°F), especially in March and April, just before the rains begin.
The rainy season provides a different experience. In southern Ghana, there are two distinct rainy periods. The main, heavy rainy season is from April to July, followed by a lighter rainy season in September and October. August offers a short dry spell in between. During the rains, humidity is very high, and downpours can be intense and dramatic, though they often last for only a few hours before the sun returns. The landscape becomes incredibly lush and green during this time. The northern part of Ghana has a single, continuous rainy season that runs from approximately May to October. The rainfall here is essential for agriculture but can make travel on unpaved roads difficult. The advantage of traveling during the rainy season is that there are fewer tourists, and prices for accommodation are often lower.
The best time to visit Ghana ultimately depends on your priorities. For the most comfortable weather, easiest travel conditions, and best beach weather, the dry season from November to March is the ideal choice. This is also a good time for wildlife viewing in national parks like Mole, as animals gather at water sources. However, if you are interested in seeing the country at its most verdant, witnessing spectacular waterfalls at their peak flow, and experiencing fewer crowds, the rainy season from April to October has its own unique appeal. Cultural festivals are held throughout the year, so if there is a specific event you wish to see, that may be the deciding factor for your travel dates, regardless of the season.
| Season / Region | Average Temperature Range (°C / °F) |
|---|---|
| Dry Season (Nov-Mar) / Accra (South) | 24°C – 32°C / 75°F – 90°F |
| Dry Season (Nov-Apr) / Tamale (North) | 22°C – 38°C / 72°F – 100°F |
| Wet Season (Apr-Oct) / Accra (South) | 23°C – 31°C / 73°F – 88°F |
| Wet Season (May-Oct) / Tamale (North) | 23°C – 32°C / 73°F – 90°F |
9) Airports, International and Domestic Flight
Ghana’s main gateway to the world and the primary point of arrival for virtually all international visitors is Kotoka International Airport (ACC) in Accra. As the country’s largest and most important airport, Kotoka has undergone significant upgrades and modernization, culminating in the opening of the state-of-the-art Terminal 3 in 2018. This modern facility has greatly enhanced the passenger experience, offering a clean, efficient, and welcoming introduction to the country. The airport serves as a major hub in West Africa and is well-connected with direct flights to major cities in Europe, North America, the Middle East, and across the African continent. Airlines such as British Airways, KLM, Delta, Emirates, and Ethiopian Airlines all operate regular services to Accra, making it easily accessible from anywhere in the world.
Upon arrival at Kotoka International Airport, the process for international passengers is generally smooth. The immigration hall in Terminal 3 is spacious, and while queues can form during peak arrival times, the process is orderly. After clearing immigration, you proceed to the baggage claim area and then through customs. In the arrivals hall, you will find a range of essential services. There are several bank and currency exchange (Forex) bureaus where you can change foreign currency into Ghanaian Cedis (GHS). It’s also highly recommended to purchase a local SIM card from one of the mobile network operator kiosks (like MTN or Vodafone) located in the arrivals hall. This is the cheapest and most effective way to have data and make local calls during your stay. Transportation from the airport to the city is readily available, with official airport taxis, hotel shuttles, and ride-hailing services like Uber and Bolt being the most popular and reliable options.
For travel within Ghana, a growing domestic flight network offers a fast and convenient way to cover the large distances between the south and the north of the country. Several domestic airlines, with Africa World Airlines (AWA) being the most prominent, operate out of a separate domestic terminal at Kotoka Airport. They offer multiple daily flights from Accra to key regional capitals, including Kumasi (KMS) in the Ashanti Region, Tamale (TML) in the Northern Region, and Takoradi (TKD) in the Western Region. These flights are a huge time-saver; for example, a flight from Accra to Tamale takes just over an hour, compared to a bus journey that can take 10-12 hours or more. This makes it feasible to include a visit to Mole National Park in the north even on a shorter itinerary.
While domestic flights are more expensive than ground transportation, they are still relatively affordable, and booking in advance can help secure better prices. The domestic airlines operate modern turboprop and jet aircraft, and the service is generally reliable. In addition to the main regional airports, there are smaller airstrips in other parts of the country, though these are not typically served by scheduled commercial flights. For most travelers, the combination of arriving internationally into Accra and then using a domestic flight to reach either Kumasi for the Ashanti culture or Tamale for the northern savanna and wildlife provides an efficient and effective way to experience the vast diversity of Ghana without spending days on the road. The well-established air network is a key asset for Ghana’s tourism infrastructure.
10) Back Up Plan and Flight Route
When traveling to a destination like Ghana, having a well-structured backup plan is essential for ensuring a smooth and stress-free journey. The most common potential disruptions are flight delays, changes in schedule, or issues with ground transportation. The cornerstone of any good backup plan is twofold: flexible scheduling and comprehensive travel insurance. Avoid booking critical, non-refundable activities or connecting transport for the day you arrive. Giving yourself a buffer of at least 24 hours allows you to absorb any potential flight delays without a major impact on your itinerary. Secondly, investing in a robust travel insurance policy is non-negotiable. Ensure your policy covers trip cancellation, interruption, medical emergencies, and emergency evacuation. This provides a crucial financial safety net for unforeseen circumstances, from a canceled flight to a medical issue requiring treatment.
Your primary flight route will likely be into Kotoka International Airport (ACC) in Accra. This is the main international hub with the most connections. If your flight to Accra is canceled or you need to find an alternative route, neighboring West African hubs can serve as a backup. The most viable options include flying into Lomé, Togo (LFW), or Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire (ABJ). From these cities, you can either book a short regional flight to Accra with an airline like ASKY or Africa World Airlines, or you can travel overland. The overland journey by bus or shared taxi is a long but feasible option for the more adventurous traveler, offering a chance to see more of the region. However, this requires careful checking of visa requirements for the transit country, which can add complexity.
For domestic travel within Ghana, while flights between Accra, Kumasi, and Tamale are generally reliable, cancellations can happen. If your domestic flight is canceled, the national bus network is your primary backup. Companies like STC and VIP offer comfortable coach services between all major cities. The journey will be significantly longer than flying, so you will need to adjust your itinerary accordingly, but it is a reliable and affordable alternative. It’s always a good idea to have the contact numbers for these bus companies and the locations of their main terminals saved in your phone. If you are traveling on more minor roads, be aware that heavy rains during the wet season can make some routes temporarily impassable, so having a flexible schedule is again key.
Beyond transportation, your backup plan should include contingencies for finances and documents. While ATMs are common in major cities, they can sometimes be out of service or may not accept your card. Therefore, you should never rely on a single source of funds. Carry a mix of payment options: a primary credit/debit card, a backup card, and a reasonable amount of emergency cash in a major currency like US Dollars or Euros, stored securely and separately from your main wallet. Make digital and physical copies of your passport, visa, and all important travel documents. Store the digital copies in a secure cloud service or your email account. This simple step can save you an immense amount of trouble in the unfortunate event that your original documents are lost or stolen.
| Backup Plan Consideration | Recommendation |
|---|---|
| International Flight Issues | Fly into a neighboring hub like Lomé (LFW) or Abidjan (ABJ) and take a regional flight or travel overland. |
| Domestic Flight Cancellation | Utilize long-distance coach services (STC, VIP) as a reliable alternative for travel between major cities. |
| Travel Insurance | Purchase a comprehensive policy covering cancellation, interruption, and emergency medical evacuation. |
| Financial Contingency | Carry a mix of payment methods, including backup cards and emergency cash in a major currency. |
| Document Safety | Keep secure digital and physical copies of your passport, visa, and all travel confirmations. |
11) Safety & Health
Ghana is widely considered one of the safest and most stable countries in West Africa, making it a popular destination for tourists. The people are famously friendly and hospitable, and the overall political situation is stable. However, as with any travel destination, it is important for visitors to exercise a good degree of caution and awareness to ensure their safety. The primary safety concerns for tourists are typically related to petty crime. Pickpocketing and bag snatching can occur in crowded public places, such as markets (like Makola Market in Accra), bus stations, and popular tourist spots. It is advisable to be vigilant in these areas, to not openly display expensive items like cameras, smartphones, or large amounts of cash, and to carry your bag securely. Using a money belt under your clothes for your most important valuables is a prudent measure.
Violent crime against foreigners is rare, but it is wise to take sensible precautions, especially at night. Avoid walking alone in unfamiliar areas after dark, and use a registered taxi or a ride-hailing service like Uber or Bolt instead of walking long distances. Be cautious of unsolicited offers of help or friendship, as these can sometimes be a pretext for a scam. While most Ghanaians are genuinely friendly, a small minority may target tourists. Be particularly wary of scams involving gold or diamond deals, which are common. It’s also important to be careful with credit card security and to only use ATMs in well-lit, public areas or inside a bank. By staying alert and using the same common sense you would in any large city, you can significantly minimize your risk and enjoy a safe trip.
Health is a paramount consideration for any traveler to Ghana. It is essential to consult with your doctor or a travel medicine clinic at least 4-6 weeks before your departure to receive the necessary vaccinations and health advice. A yellow fever vaccination is a mandatory requirement for entry into Ghana, and you must carry your vaccination certificate with you. Other highly recommended vaccines include Hepatitis A, Typhoid, Tetanus, and Polio. Depending on your travel style and duration, others like Rabies and Hepatitis B might also be suggested. Malaria is a high-risk factor throughout the country, including in Accra, and it is present year-round. You must take a course of antimalarial medication as prescribed by your doctor. It is also crucial to be diligent about preventing mosquito bites by using insect repellent containing DEET, wearing protective clothing in the evenings, and sleeping under a mosquito net.
Food and water hygiene are also vital for staying healthy. Tap water is not safe to drink. You must stick to bottled, boiled, or purified water at all times, and be cautious of ice in drinks. Be careful with food from street vendors; while often delicious, only eat from places that are busy and appear clean, and where the food is cooked fresh and served hot. Avoid salads and other uncooked foods unless you are in a reputable hotel or restaurant. Medical facilities in Accra are of a reasonable standard for routine problems, with several private clinics catering to the expatriate community. However, outside the capital, facilities can be very basic. For any serious illness or injury, medical evacuation may be necessary. For this reason, comprehensive travel insurance with emergency medical evacuation coverage is absolutely essential and should be considered a mandatory part of your travel budget.
12) Currency, Commodities & Costs
The official currency of Ghana is the Ghanaian Cedi (GHS). The cedi is subdivided into 100 pesewas. It is important for travelers to familiarize themselves with the currency, as Ghana is predominantly a cash-based economy, especially outside of major hotels and upscale establishments in Accra. While credit and debit cards (primarily Visa) are accepted in high-end hotels, restaurants, and larger supermarkets in the capital, they are rarely accepted elsewhere. Therefore, carrying a sufficient amount of cash is essential for daily expenses like meals, transport, and market purchases. ATMs are widely available in Accra and other major cities like Kumasi and Cape Coast, and they are the most convenient way to withdraw local currency. However, it’s wise to use ATMs located at banks during opening hours, as they are more secure and more likely to be functional. Do not rely on a single card; bring a backup card in case one is not accepted.
Compared to many Western countries, Ghana can be a very affordable travel destination, offering excellent value for money. However, costs can vary dramatically depending on your travel style. A budget-conscious traveler staying in guesthouses, eating local food, and using public transport like tro-tros could comfortably get by on a modest daily budget. On the other hand, a traveler staying in luxury hotels, dining at international restaurants, and using private taxis or domestic flights will find the costs to be significantly higher. Accommodation is often the largest expense, with a wide range of options available. Food is another area where you can control costs. A delicious and filling meal of Jollof rice or Waakye from a local street vendor or ‘chop bar’ can cost very little, whereas a meal at a fine dining restaurant in Accra will be priced at international levels.
The cost of commodities and services also reflects this dual economy. Imported goods, such as wine, cheese, and electronics, are very expensive due to import duties. Locally produced goods, however, are very affordable. A bottle of local beer like Club or Star is inexpensive, while an imported beer will cost much more. When shopping in markets for crafts and souvenirs, bargaining is an expected and integral part of the transaction. The initial price quoted to a tourist is usually much higher than the final selling price. The key is to engage in friendly, respectful negotiation. Start by offering a lower price (perhaps half of the asking price) and work your way to a mutually agreeable figure. Remember to keep it light-hearted; it’s a social interaction, not a battle.
Tipping is not traditionally a widespread custom in Ghana, but it has become more common in the service industry, particularly in places that cater to tourists. In restaurants, a tip of 5-10% is appreciated for good service but is not usually obligatory. It is also customary to tip your tour guide and driver at the end of a tour if you are happy with their service. A small tip for hotel porters and other service staff is also a kind gesture. For taxis, it’s common to round up the fare to the nearest convenient figure. As wages are often low, these small tips can make a meaningful difference to the recipient. Always carry a good mix of smaller cedi notes to make paying for small items and tipping easier.
| Commodity / Service | Estimated Cost (GHS) |
|---|---|
| Street Food Meal (e.g., Waakye) | 15 – 30 ₵ |
| Mid-Range Restaurant Meal (per person) | 80 – 150 ₵ |
| Bottle of Local Beer (Club/Star) | 10 – 20 ₵ |
| Shared Taxi (Short Trip in Accra) | 5 – 10 ₵ |
| Uber/Bolt (15-min ride in Accra) | 20 – 40 ₵ |
13) Housing Rental Cost
For expatriates, students, or long-term visitors planning an extended stay in Ghana, the rental market offers a diverse range of housing options, from modern apartments in bustling city centers to spacious detached houses in leafy suburban neighborhoods. The market is most developed in the capital, Accra, where you will find the widest variety of properties and the highest concentration of expatriate-friendly amenities. Popular residential areas for foreigners in Accra include Cantonments, Labone, and Airport Residential Area, which are known for their security, good infrastructure, and proximity to international schools, embassies, and upscale restaurants. Other areas like Osu offer a more vibrant and central living experience, while East Legon is a sprawling, popular suburb. Outside of Accra, cities like Kumasi and Takoradi also have rental markets, though with fewer options tailored specifically to international residents.
The type of housing available varies. Apartments, or flats, are increasingly common, especially in new developments in areas like Airport Residential and Cantonments. These can range from studios to large three or four-bedroom units, often within complexes that offer shared amenities like a swimming pool, a gym, and 24-hour security. Detached and semi-detached houses are also a very common form of rental, particularly in the more established suburban areas. These often come with a private garden or yard (a ‘compound’) and may include staff quarters. It’s important to note that properties are typically rented unfurnished, though furnished options are available, usually at a higher price. The quality of construction and finish can vary greatly, so it is always essential to inspect a property thoroughly before signing a lease.
Rental costs in Ghana are highest in Accra and vary significantly by neighborhood. In the prime areas mentioned above, rents are often quoted in US Dollars and can be comparable to prices in some European cities. A modern two-bedroom apartment in Cantonments or Airport Residential could range from $1,500 to $3,000 USD per month. A larger house in the same area could be anywhere from $3,000 to $6,000 USD or more. For more affordable options, areas like Dzorwulu or Spintex offer good quality housing at a lower price point. It is standard practice for landlords to ask for a significant advance payment of rent, typically one or even two years’ worth, which can be a major upfront cost to budget for. This is often negotiable, but it is a common feature of the rental market.
Finding a rental property can be done through several channels. There are numerous real estate agents in Accra who specialize in serving the expatriate community. While they charge a commission (usually equivalent to one month’s rent), their expertise and knowledge of the market can be invaluable. Online portals are also a useful resource, though the market is less centralized than in many Western countries. Personal networks and expatriate community forums can be one of the best ways to find properties, as outgoing tenants will often post about their available homes. When renting, it is crucial to have a clear tenancy agreement that outlines the terms of the lease, the payment schedule, and the responsibilities of both the tenant and the landlord, particularly regarding maintenance and repairs.
| Housing Type & Location | Estimated Monthly Rental Cost (USD) |
|---|---|
| 2-Bedroom Apartment (Prime Accra: Cantonments, Airport) | $1,500 – $3,000 |
| 3-4 Bedroom House (Prime Accra: Cantonments, Airport) | $3,000 – $6,000+ |
| 2-Bedroom Apartment (Mid-Range Accra: Osu, Dzorwulu) | $800 – $1,800 |
| 3-Bedroom House (Suburban Accra: East Legon) | $1,500 – $3,500 |
14) Cost of Living
The cost of living in Ghana presents a picture of contrasts and depends heavily on the lifestyle one chooses to adopt. For those who live like a local—eating local food, using public transportation, and renting in non-prime areas—the cost of living can be very low. However, for many expatriates who seek a standard of living similar to their home country, with imported goods, international schooling, and housing in prime residential areas, Ghana can be a surprisingly expensive place to live, particularly in Accra. Understanding this duality is key to managing a budget effectively while residing in the country. The biggest single expense for most expatriates is accommodation, with rents in desirable Accra neighborhoods being a significant monthly outlay, often requiring a large upfront payment of one to two years’ rent.
Day-to-day consumer expenses highlight this contrast. A weekly shop at a local market for fresh produce like yams, plantains, tomatoes, and greens is incredibly affordable. However, a trip to a modern supermarket like Shoprite or Palace Hypermarket, which stocks a wide range of imported products from Europe and South Africa, will result in a bill comparable to, or even higher than, one from a Western supermarket. Items like cheese, wine, good quality chocolate, and specific breakfast cereals are considered luxury goods and are priced accordingly. Utilities can also be a significant cost. The electricity supply can be erratic, leading many residents to invest in and run expensive diesel generators. Water, internet, and mobile data services also add to the monthly household budget.
For expatriate families, education is often the second-largest expense after housing. Accra is home to several high-quality international schools, such as Lincoln Community School (LCS), Ghana International School (GIS), and the German Swiss International School. These schools offer international curricula (like the IB or British curriculum) and excellent facilities but come with substantial annual tuition fees, often ranging from $10,000 to over $25,000 USD per child, depending on the school and grade level. These fees are a major financial consideration for any family planning to relocate to Ghana. The public school system is not typically an option for most expatriate children due to differences in curriculum and resources.
Healthcare is another critical area of expense. While there are private clinics and hospitals in Accra, such as the Nyaho Medical Centre and the Lister Hospital, that provide good quality care for routine health issues, they can be expensive. For any serious or complex medical condition, medical evacuation to Europe or South Africa is often necessary. Therefore, comprehensive international health insurance with a high level of coverage, including medical evacuation, is an absolutely essential and significant annual expense for all expatriates. On the other hand, some costs are much lower than in the West. Domestic help, such as a cleaner, cook, or driver, is very affordable and common in expatriate households, which can significantly improve one’s quality of life. Ultimately, while a luxurious, Western-style life in Accra is expensive, a comfortable and fulfilling life can be achieved by blending local and imported lifestyles.
| Expense Category | Estimated Monthly / Annual Cost (USD) |
|---|---|
| Groceries (Expat-style, for a couple) | $600 – $1,000 (Monthly) |
| Utilities (Electricity, water, internet for a house) | $300 – $600 (Monthly, higher with generator use) |
| International School Fees (per child) | $10,000 – $25,000+ (Annual) |
| Full-Time Domestic Help (e.g., cleaner/nanny) | $200 – $400 (Monthly) |
| Comprehensive Health Insurance (per person) | Varies Greatly (Significant Annual Cost) |
15) Shopping & Souvenirs
Shopping in Ghana is a vibrant, sensory experience that offers a treasure trove of unique, handcrafted items, making it a paradise for anyone looking to bring home a meaningful piece of West African culture. The shopping scene is defined by its bustling open-air markets, roadside artisan stalls, and a growing number of sophisticated boutiques and galleries. The most iconic Ghanaian souvenir is undoubtedly Kente cloth. This magnificent, handwoven textile, traditionally associated with Ashanti royalty, is characterized by its brilliant colors and complex geometric patterns. Each pattern has a specific name and symbolic meaning. While authentic, handwoven Kente can be expensive, it is a true work of art and a worthwhile investment. You can buy it by the strip or as finished products like scarves, bags, and clothing at markets in Accra or directly from weaving villages like Adanwomase, near Kumasi.
Another must-buy item is anything featuring Adinkra symbols. These are ancient visual symbols, originally created by the Akan people, that represent concepts, proverbs, and aphorisms. You will find these beautiful symbols everywhere, hand-printed onto fabric (Adinkra cloth), carved into wooden stools and sculptures, and incorporated into jewelry. A piece of Adinkra cloth or a silver pendant with a symbol like the ‘Gye Nyame’ (symbol of God’s supremacy) makes for a beautiful and deeply symbolic souvenir. Wood carvings are also a staple of Ghanaian craft. Talented artisans carve everything from traditional fertility dolls (‘Akuaba’) and ceremonial masks to contemporary sculptures and functional items like board games (‘Oware’) and salad bowls. The best place to find these is often at a major craft market, where you can see a huge variety of styles.
For those looking for wearable art, Ghana offers a fantastic selection. Beaded jewelry is ubiquitous and affordable, with beautiful necklaces, bracelets, and earrings made from recycled glass beads, bauxite, or brass. The Cedi Bead Factory near Somanya is a fascinating place to see the traditional bead-making process and buy directly from the source. Leather goods, such as sandals, bags, and belts, are also skillfully made and can be found in markets across the country. One of the most unique souvenirs is a custom-made outfit. You can visit a market like Makola in Accra, choose from thousands of colorful wax print fabrics, and then take it to a local tailor who can whip up a custom shirt, dress, or trousers for you within a couple of days for a very reasonable price. It’s a fun process that leaves you with a one-of-a-kind, perfectly fitting garment.
The best places to immerse yourself in this shopping culture are the large markets. The Centre for National Culture in Accra (often called the Arts Centre) is a one-stop-shop for souvenirs, with hundreds of stalls selling everything from drums and baskets to textiles and paintings. Be prepared for enthusiastic vendors and be ready to bargain politely. For a more curated and fixed-price experience, boutiques like The Shop Accra and galleries such as the Artists Alliance Gallery offer high-quality, contemporary fashion, art, and crafts from some of Ghana’s best designers and artists. Whether you are haggling in a busy market or browsing a chic boutique, shopping in Ghana is a rewarding adventure that allows you to support local artisans and bring home a piece of the country’s vibrant creative spirit.
16) Nightlife & Entertainment
Ghana’s nightlife, particularly in the capital city of Accra, is a dynamic and infectious scene that pulses with the energetic rhythms of Afrobeats, highlife, and hiplife. It offers a diverse range of options catering to all tastes, from sophisticated rooftop cocktail bars and laid-back pubs to high-energy nightclubs that keep the party going until dawn. The heart of Accra’s nightlife is the neighborhood of Osu. By night, its main thoroughfare, Oxford Street, and the surrounding side streets come alive with a plethora of bars, lounges, and eateries. This area is a magnet for a cosmopolitan crowd of locals, expatriates, and tourists, creating a vibrant and sociable atmosphere. Whether you’re looking for a casual spot to grab a beer, a trendy lounge for pre-dinner cocktails, or a lively spot for bar-hopping, Osu is the perfect place to start your evening.
Live music is a cornerstone of the Ghanaian entertainment scene. The country has a rich musical heritage, from the classic, jazzy sounds of highlife to the modern, chart-topping genre of Afrobeats that has taken the world by storm. Many venues in Accra are dedicated to showcasing this talent. +233 Jazz Bar & Grill is an iconic open-air venue that offers fantastic live performances spanning jazz, blues, and highlife in a relaxed and mature setting. For a more contemporary vibe, places like The Republic Bar & Grill in Osu are famous for their live bands, DJ sets, and signature cocktails. Attending a live music event is a must-do for any visitor, offering an authentic and exhilarating way to experience the passion and creativity of Ghanaian musicians. The infectious rhythms are guaranteed to get you on your feet.
For those who want to dance the night away, Accra boasts a growing number of world-class nightclubs. Venues like Carbon, Twist, and Plotseven attract a fashionable crowd with top local and international DJs spinning the latest tracks. These clubs often feature sleek, modern decor, state-of-the-art sound systems, and a VIP experience. The party typically doesn’t get started until after midnight and continues into the early hours of the morning. On the other end of the spectrum, beachside spots in areas like Labadi and Kokrobite offer a more rustic and relaxed party atmosphere. Places like Dizzy Lizzie’s at Kokrobite are famous for their bonfire parties and reggae nights, where you can dance on the sand under the stars. This variety ensures that there is a party scene to match every mood and style.
Beyond the typical bar and club scene, evening entertainment in Ghana can also take other forms. The country has a burgeoning film industry, and you can catch the latest Ghanaian and international movies at modern cinemas like the Silverbird Cinemas in the Accra Mall. The National Theatre in Accra also hosts a variety of cultural performances, including plays, dance recitals, and concerts. Dining itself is a form of entertainment, with a huge range of restaurants offering everything from fine dining to bustling “chop bars” serving local delicacies. A popular evening activity is to visit a night market, where you can enjoy delicious street food like ‘kelewele’ (spicy fried plantain) and grilled kebabs in a lively, social setting. From sophisticated lounges to sandy beach parties, Ghana’s nightlife is a vibrant celebration of life, music, and community.
17) Insider Travel Tips
To truly unlock the heart and soul of Ghana, moving beyond the guidebook and embracing a few insider tips can transform your trip into a deeply rewarding and authentic experience. Firstly, learn the art of the greeting. In Ghana, greetings are more than a simple pleasantry; they are a vital social ritual. Before you ask for directions, start a negotiation at a market, or begin any conversation, you must first greet the person properly. This involves asking about their well-being, their family, and their day. A simple “Good morning, how are you doing?” will suffice in English, but learning a few phrases in a local language like Twi (“Maakye,” good morning; “Wo ho te sεn?,” how are you?) will be met with beaming smiles and a much warmer reception. Taking this extra minute to connect on a human level before making a request is a sign of respect that will open countless doors.
Eat where the locals eat. While Accra has a fantastic range of international restaurants, the real culinary adventure lies in the local eateries known as “chop bars” and the countless street food stalls. Don’t be intimidated; look for places that are busy with local customers, as this is always a sign of good quality and hygiene. This is where you will find the most delicious and authentic Jollof rice, waakye, and fufu at a fraction of the cost of tourist-oriented restaurants. Be adventurous and try street food snacks like ‘kelewele’ (spicy fried plantain) or ‘bofrot’ (a type of doughnut). Not only is this the best way to taste the true flavors of Ghana, but it’s also a fantastic way to support small, local entrepreneurs and have genuine interactions with the community.
Master the transport system by using ride-hailing apps in the cities and embracing the tro-tro for longer journeys. In Accra and Kumasi, apps like Uber and Bolt are a game-changer. They offer a safe, reliable, and transparently priced way to get around, eliminating the need to haggle with taxi drivers. For travel between towns, take a tro-tro at least once. It may be crowded and chaotic, but it is the quintessential Ghanaian travel experience. You’ll share your journey with students, market women, and families, all to the soundtrack of local hiplife music. It’s a moving, noisy, and unforgettable cultural immersion. Always have small notes ready to pay your fare, and don’t be shy about asking your fellow passengers for help with stops or directions.
Finally, venture beyond Accra and Cape Coast. While these destinations are essential, some of Ghana’s greatest gems are found off the beaten path. Spend a few days in the Volta Region, known for its stunning natural beauty, including Wli Waterfalls and the lush hills around Amedzofe. Explore the ancient Larabanga Mosque and the vast savanna of Mole National Park in the north. Or visit the traditional weaving village of Adanwomase near Kumasi to see Kente cloth being made by master weavers. Hiring a local guide and driver can make these more remote areas accessible and can provide invaluable context and insight. Stepping away from the main tourist circuit will reward you with a deeper understanding of Ghana’s incredible diversity and the profound hospitality of its people.
18) Etiquette & Customs
Navigating the social customs and etiquette of Ghana is key to a respectful and enriching travel experience. Ghanaian culture places a huge emphasis on respect, community, and hospitality, and being mindful of local norms will be greatly appreciated. The most fundamental aspect of Ghanaian etiquette is the importance of greetings. It is considered very rude to launch into a conversation or transaction without first properly greeting the other person. This involves not just a simple “hello,” but also inquiring about their well-being and their family. In formal settings or when meeting someone for the first time, a handshake is the standard greeting. Crucially, always use your right hand for handshakes, as well as for giving or receiving items. The left hand is traditionally considered unclean and should not be used for these interactions.
Respect for elders is a cornerstone of Ghanaian society. Age is equated with wisdom, and older people are shown great deference. When you enter a room or join a group, it is customary to greet the elders first. It is considered disrespectful to argue with or contradict an elder publicly. This respect extends to the use of titles. It is common to address older men as “Papa” or “Old Man” and older women as “Mama” or “Auntie” as a sign of respect, even if they are strangers. Using these honorifics will be seen as a sign of good manners and cultural sensitivity. The chieftaincy system is also a vital part of the culture, and if you have the opportunity to meet a chief or queen mother, you should show utmost respect, following the lead of any locals who are with you.
Modesty in dress and behavior is highly valued. While Accra is a cosmopolitan city, Ghana is generally a conservative country. It is important to dress modestly, especially when venturing outside of tourist hotels and beach resorts. For both men and women, this means ensuring your shoulders and knees are covered. For women, wearing long skirts, dresses, or loose trousers is more appropriate than short skirts or shorts. Revealing clothing can attract unwanted attention and is seen as disrespectful, particularly in rural areas or when visiting religious sites like mosques or churches. Public displays of affection are generally frowned upon and should be kept to a minimum. Maintaining a calm and composed demeanor is also appreciated; loud and boisterous behavior is not the norm.
If you are invited into a Ghanaian home, consider it a great honor. Always remove your shoes before entering. You will likely be offered water, and it is polite to accept it. If you are invited to share a meal, it is a sign of great hospitality. Remember to wash your hands before eating and to use only your right hand, especially if you are eating from a communal bowl. It is polite to try a little of everything you are offered. When receiving a gift, it is customary to receive it with your right hand or with both hands as a sign of gratitude. By being observant and following these simple rules of etiquette, you will demonstrate your respect for Ghanaian culture and will be rewarded with even warmer hospitality and more meaningful connections.
19) Basic Language Tips
While English is the official language of Ghana and is widely spoken, making travel relatively easy, taking the time to learn a few phrases in a local language is one of the best ways to connect with the Ghanaian people and show respect for their culture. Ghana is a multilingual nation with over 80 languages spoken. The most widely spoken indigenous language is Akan, and its dialect, Twi (pronounced ‘ch-wee’), is understood by a large portion of the population, particularly in the south and central regions. Even learning a simple greeting in Twi will be met with surprise, delight, and a warm smile, instantly breaking down barriers and enriching your interactions. Don’t worry about perfect pronunciation; the effort itself is what is most appreciated.
The most important word in your Twi toolkit is the greeting. “Maakye” (maa-CHAY) means “Good morning.” “Maaha” (maa-HAH) is “Good afternoon,” and “Maadwo” (maa-JOH) is “Good evening.” A universal and very useful response to any of these greetings is “Yaa nua” (yaa-NOO-ah), if you are responding to one person of your age, or “Yaa agya” (yaa-AH-jah) to an older man, and “Yaa ɛna” (yaa-EH-nah) to an older woman. This shows respect. After the initial greeting, you will almost always be asked, “Wo ho te sεn?” (wo-ho-teh-SENG?), which means “How are you?” The standard and positive reply is “Me ho yɛ” (meh-ho-YEH), meaning “I am fine.” Mastering this simple back-and-forth exchange is the key to any social interaction in Ghana.
Politeness is paramount in Ghanaian culture. The word for “thank you” is “Medaase” (meh-DAH-say). To add emphasis, you can say “Medaase pii” (meh-DAH-say-PEE) for “Thank you very much.” If someone thanks you, a polite response is “Yoo” (yoh), which is a casual “okay” or “you’re welcome.” The word for “please” is “Mepawokyɛw” (meh-pow-CHOW), which can also be used to say “excuse me” or “I’m sorry.” This is a very useful word for getting someone’s attention politely or apologizing if you accidentally bump into them. Using “Medaase” and “Mepawokyɛw” frequently will demonstrate your good manners and appreciation of local customs.
When you are out and about, a few more phrases will come in handy. When shopping at a market, after you have selected an item, you can ask, “Ɛyɛ sɛn?” (eh-yeh-SENG?), meaning “How much is it?” To ask someone their name, you say, “Wo din de sɛn?” (wo-din-deh-SENG?). You can reply with “Me din de…” (meh-din-deh…), followed by your name. A useful word you will hear everywhere is “Akwaaba” (ah-kwaa-BAH), which means “Welcome.” It embodies the hospitable spirit of Ghana. Don’t be shy to use these phrases. Ghanaians are generally very patient and will be happy to help you. Your attempts to speak their language will be a bridge to more authentic connections and a deeper understanding of this wonderful country.
| English Phrase | Akan (Twi) Phrase |
|---|---|
| Welcome | Akwaaba |
| How are you? | Wo ho te sεn? |
| I am fine. | Me ho yε. |
| Thank you | Medaase |
| Thank you very much | Medaase pii |
| Please / Excuse me | Mepawokyεw |
| Good morning | Maakye |
| Good afternoon | Maaha |
| Good evening | Maadwo |
| Goodbye | Nante yie |
| Yes | Aane |
| No | Dabi |
| What is your name? | Wo din de sεn? |
| My name is… | Me din de… |
| How much is it? | Ɛyε sɛn? |
| White person / Foreigner | Obroni |
| Come | Bra |
| Go | Kɔ |
| Food | Aduane |
| Water | Nsuo |
20) Useful Resources
To plan a successful and enriching trip to Ghana, it is essential to consult a variety of reliable and up-to-date resources. The official website of the Ghana Tourism Authority (visitghana.com) is an excellent starting point. It provides a good overview of the country’s main attractions, regions, and cultural events. Here you can find inspiration for your itinerary and practical information on everything from visa requirements to licensed tour operators. Another vital official resource is your home country’s government travel advisory website, such as the UK’s FCDO or the US Department of State. These sites offer the latest information on safety, security, health recommendations, and entry requirements, which is crucial for responsible travel planning.
For booking and logistics, several online platforms are indispensable. Flight comparison sites like Google Flights, Skyscanner, and Kayak are the best tools for finding and comparing prices for international flights into Accra (ACC). For domestic travel, the website for Africa World Airlines (AWA) is the primary resource for booking flights between Accra, Kumasi, and Tamale. When it comes to accommodation, international platforms like Booking.com, Expedia, and Airbnb have extensive listings across Ghana, from hotels in Accra to guesthouses in smaller towns. Reading recent reviews from other travelers on these sites is one of the best ways to gauge the current quality and service of a property. For transport, ride-hailing apps like Uber and Bolt are essential for getting around Accra and Kumasi safely and with transparent pricing.
To gain a deeper cultural and historical context before you go, there are many fantastic books and online publications. “The Ghana Reader: History, Culture, Politics” by Kwasi Konadu and Clifford C. Campbell offers a comprehensive collection of texts about the country. For a powerful historical perspective on the slave trade, “Homegoing” by Yaa Gyasi is a highly acclaimed novel that traces the descendants of two half-sisters from Ghana. Online magazines and blogs focused on travel to Africa can also provide rich narratives and practical tips. Websites like “Roads & Kingdoms” and “Culture Trip” often feature insightful articles on Ghanaian food, music, and culture, which can help you build a more nuanced understanding of the country before you arrive.
Once you are in Ghana, one of your best resources will be the local people. Hiring a licensed local guide for sites like Cape Coast Castle or for a tour of a specific region can be invaluable. Their knowledge, stories, and personal perspectives will enrich your experience far beyond what any guidebook can offer. You can find licensed guides at major tourist sites or by asking for recommendations from your hotel. Expatriate forums and Facebook groups can also be a useful on-the-ground resource for getting current recommendations for restaurants, drivers, or hidden gems. By combining thorough online research with the rich knowledge of local experts and communities, you can ensure your journey through Ghana is not just a holiday, but a truly memorable and transformative experience.
