Greenland Travel Guide
Table of Contents
1) Destination Overview
Welcome to Greenland, the world’s largest island and one of the planet’s last great wilderness frontiers. This is a land of superlatives, a place where nature operates on a colossal scale, from the immense Greenland Ice Sheet that covers 80% of the country to the gigantic icebergs that calve from its glaciers. A journey to Greenland is an adventure into the heart of the Arctic, a destination that promises raw, untamed beauty and a profound sense of awe. Unlike any other place on Earth, Greenland’s landscape is dominated by ice, with its small, resilient population living in colorful settlements dotted along the narrow, ice-free coastal fringe. For travelers seeking an escape from the conventional, Greenland offers a world of pristine nature, unique Inuit culture, and unforgettable experiences, from sailing through fjords choked with ice to witnessing the ethereal dance of the Northern Lights in the crisp polar night.
Greenland is the very definition of an adventure travel destination. The main attractions here are not man-made monuments but the powerful forces of nature themselves. The star of the show is the Ilulissat Icefjord, a UNESCO World Heritage site, where the colossal Sermeq Kujalleq glacier, one of the fastest and most active in the world, churns out billions of tons of ice into the sea each year. The sight and sound of these cathedral-sized icebergs breaking free and slowly drifting out into Disko Bay is a humbling and unforgettable spectacle. The experiences are elemental: hiking across the vast, silent expanse of the Ice Sheet, kayaking among whales and glistening ice sculptures, or feeling the raw power of a dog sled team pulling you across a frozen landscape. This is a destination that demands active participation and rewards visitors with a deep and lasting connection to the polar environment.
Beyond its icy wonders, Greenland is home to a rich and resilient culture that has thrived in this harsh environment for millennia. The modern Greenlandic people, the Kalaallit, are descendants of the Inuit who migrated from North America, and their culture is a fascinating blend of ancient traditions and modern Nordic influences. The hunting and fishing culture remains the lifeblood of many communities, and the connection to the land and sea is deeply ingrained in the national identity. Visitors have the opportunity to experience this culture firsthand, from tasting traditional foods like muskox and halibut to learning about ancient myths and legends. The colorful wooden houses of the coastal towns, painted in bright primary colors, stand in stark contrast to the white and blue of the icy landscape, a vibrant symbol of human warmth and resilience in the face of nature’s power.
A trip to Greenland requires planning and a spirit of adventure. There are no roads connecting the towns; all travel between settlements is done by plane, helicopter, or boat, making the journey itself an integral part of the experience. This is not a budget destination; the logistical challenges of supporting life and tourism in such a remote location mean that costs are high. However, the investment is rewarded with an experience that is truly priceless. Whether you visit in the summer to experience the endless daylight of the Midnight Sun or in the winter to chase the aurora borealis, Greenland offers a journey to a world apart. It is a destination that challenges, inspires, and ultimately changes your perspective on the planet and your place within it, solidifying its status as one of the most unique and rewarding travel destinations on Earth.
Back to Top2) Best Time to Visit and Why
Deciding on the best time to visit Greenland is a crucial first step in planning your Arctic adventure, as the country offers two distinctly different yet equally magical experiences depending on the season: the summer of the Midnight Sun and the winter of the Northern Lights. Unlike most travel destinations, the choice is not about finding the “best” weather in a conventional sense, but about choosing which set of unique Arctic phenomena you wish to experience. The primary tourist season is summer, from June to August. This period offers the most pleasant and stable weather, with daytime temperatures in the south and along the coast often reaching a mild 10°C to 15°C (50°F to 59°F). The defining feature of summer is the Midnight Sun, a natural phenomenon where the sun never sets below the horizon, bathing the landscape in a magical, golden light 24 hours a day. This endless daylight provides maximum time for exploration and is the peak season for a wide range of activities.
Summer is the ideal time for hiking, kayaking, and boat tours. The warmer temperatures mean that the coastal ice has broken up, allowing boats to navigate the spectacular fjords and get up close to the colossal icebergs calved from glaciers like the one at Ilulissat Icefjord. This is also the prime season for whale watching, as humpback, minke, and fin whales migrate to the nutrient-rich waters of Greenland to feed. The tundra landscape, free from snow and ice, bursts into life with a carpet of hardy Arctic wildflowers, creating beautiful and surprisingly colorful scenery for hiking. The long days and milder temperatures make summer the most accessible and popular season, offering the widest variety of tours and the most reliable transportation schedules between towns.
Winter, from December to April, offers a completely different but equally compelling reason to visit Greenland. This is the season of snow, ice, and darkness, a true Arctic wonderland. The main draw of a winter trip is the opportunity to witness the aurora borealis, or Northern Lights. With the long, dark nights and minimal light pollution, Greenland is one of the best places on Earth to see this ethereal celestial display. The crisp, cold air often provides clear skies, perfect for watching the green, pink, and purple lights dance across the heavens. Winter is also the only time for classic Arctic activities like dogsledding, which is not just a tourist activity but a traditional and still-relevant mode of transport in many parts of the country. Snowmobiling, snowshoeing, and ice fishing are other popular winter pursuits, offering a thrilling way to experience the frozen landscape.
The shoulder seasons of spring (April-May) and autumn (September-October) offer a blend of summer and winter characteristics. In spring, the days get rapidly longer and the sun returns, but the landscape is still covered in snow, making it a fantastic time for “spring skiing” and dogsledding in bright, sunny conditions. Autumn brings the first snows to the mountaintops, beautiful fall colors to the tundra, and, crucially, the return of darkness, making September and October the first months of the new Northern Lights season, while still offering opportunities for hiking. Ultimately, your choice depends on your priorities. For iceberg cruising, whale watching, and hiking under the Midnight Sun, choose summer. For the magical dance of the Northern Lights, the thrill of dogsledding, and a true sense of the polar winter, the colder, darker months are your best bet. Either choice promises an unforgettable journey into the heart of the Arctic.
Back to Top3) Top Destinations and Best Hotel
Greenland’s top destinations are defined by their staggering natural beauty and their role as gateways to the country’s immense wilderness. The undisputed crown jewel and most visited destination is the Disko Bay region on the west coast, and specifically the town of Ilulissat. The name Ilulissat literally means “icebergs” in Greenlandic, and the town is situated at the mouth of the Ilulissat Icefjord, a UNESCO World Heritage site. This fjord is the outlet for the Sermeq Kujalleq glacier, one of the most active glaciers in the world. The sheer scale and volume of the icebergs that fill the fjord are almost incomprehensible. Visitors can experience this natural wonder through a variety of boat tours that navigate among the icy giants, by hiking along the boardwalks that offer stunning panoramic views of the fjord’s mouth, or by taking a scenic flight for a breathtaking aerial perspective. Ilulissat is the quintessential Greenlandic destination, offering the perfect blend of natural spectacle and a vibrant, culturally rich town.
The capital city, Nuuk, is another essential destination, offering a fascinating look at modern Greenland. As the largest city on the island, Nuuk is the political, economic, and cultural heart of the country. It presents a unique blend of tradition and modernity, where you can see hunters selling their catch in the morning market and then visit a trendy cafe or a modern art gallery in the afternoon. Key attractions include the Greenland National Museum, which houses the famous 500-year-old Qilakitsoq mummies, and the Katuaq Cultural Centre, an architectural masterpiece that hosts concerts, film screenings, and art exhibitions. Nuuk is also surrounded by a spectacular fjord system, offering excellent opportunities for boat trips, hiking, and even whale watching. A visit to Nuuk provides a crucial context to the rest of the country, showcasing the dynamic and forward-looking nature of contemporary Greenlandic society.
For those seeking a more direct and profound connection with the Greenland Ice Sheet, Kangerlussuaq is the primary gateway. This former US airbase is one of the only places in Greenland where you can drive directly from the coast onto the vast inland ice cap. Tour operators offer 4×4 excursions along a gravel road that leads to the edge of the ice, where you can step out and walk on the ancient, frozen expanse. The area around Kangerlussuaq is also one of the best places on the island to spot wildlife, particularly muskoxen, which are often seen grazing on the tundra. In winter, its stable inland climate and minimal light pollution make it one of the top locations for viewing the Northern Lights. While Kangerlussuaq itself is a small settlement, its unique access to the ice sheet and its role as the country’s main international flight hub make it a crucial and fascinating stop.
Accommodation in Greenland is clean, comfortable, and often comes with spectacular views, but it is also limited and expensive, making advance booking essential. In Ilulissat, the Hotel Arctic is one of the most famous hotels in the country, perched on a cliff with incredible views over the icefjord. It even features unique igloo-style rooms right on the cliff’s edge. Also in Ilulissat, the Hotel Icefiord offers modern comfort with rooms directly overlooking Disko Bay. In the capital, the Hotel Hans Egede is the premier choice, located in the heart of Nuuk and offering high-quality rooms, restaurants, and conference facilities. For a more boutique experience in Nuuk, the Inuk Hostels provide stylish, cabin-like accommodation with stunning fjord views. These hotels not only provide a comfortable place to rest but are also key logistical hubs, often housing the tour desks where you can book the essential excursions that define a Greenlandic adventure.
| Hotel | Booking.com Link |
|---|---|
| Hotel Arctic (Ilulissat) | Book Now |
| Hotel Icefiord (Ilulissat) | Book Now |
| Hotel Hans Egede (Nuuk) | Book Now |
| Inuk Hostels (Nuuk) | Book Now |
| Hotel Kangerlussuaq | Book Now |
| Hotel Sisimiut | Book Now |
4) Language & Culture
The culture of Greenland is a unique and compelling tapestry woven from ancient Inuit traditions, the enduring legacy of a hunting and fishing society, and over three centuries of Danish influence. At its heart is the identity of the Kalaallit, the indigenous Inuit people of Greenland, who make up the vast majority of the population. The official language is Greenlandic (Kalaallisut), an Eskimo-Aleut language that is a central pillar of the national identity. Its complex grammar and vocabulary, rich with terms for snow, ice, and hunting, reflect a deep and intimate connection to the Arctic environment. While Danish is also widely spoken, especially by the older generation and in official contexts, there is a strong sense of pride in the Greenlandic language, and hearing it spoken is a key part of the cultural experience. English is increasingly common in the tourism industry, but learning a few basic Greenlandic or Danish words is a gesture of respect that is always warmly welcomed.
The connection to the natural world is the fundamental and defining element of Greenlandic culture. For millennia, survival in this harsh landscape has depended on a profound understanding of the environment and a deep respect for the animals that provide sustenance. The hunting and fishing culture is not a relic of the past; it is a living, breathing part of modern Greenlandic life. In every town and settlement, you will see hunters returning with their catch, from seals and halibut to muskox and reindeer. This tradition informs the local cuisine, the art, and the social fabric of the communities. The national costume, a stunningly intricate creation of sealskin, beadwork, and polar bear fur, is a powerful symbol of this heritage and is worn with great pride on special occasions like National Day, weddings, and confirmations.
This ancient heritage is now blended with modern Nordic and global influences. The political and economic ties to Denmark have shaped the country’s infrastructure, education system, and political structure, creating a society that is a unique fusion of Inuit and European sensibilities. In the capital, Nuuk, you can find modern art galleries, a vibrant music scene, and cafes that would not be out of place in Copenhagen, existing alongside traditional markets and the National Museum, which preserves the country’s ancient history. This duality is a key feature of modern Greenlandic identity: a proud, forward-looking nation that is actively working to preserve its unique cultural heritage while embracing the opportunities of the modern world. The strong sense of community, born from the necessity of cooperation in a challenging environment, remains a cornerstone of the culture.
Art and craftsmanship are vibrant expressions of Greenlandic culture. The most famous art form is the carving of ‘tupilaks’, small figures traditionally carved from materials like walrus ivory, bone, or stone. Originally created by shamans to ward off or harm enemies, today they are a major art form, often depicting figures from Inuit mythology. Intricate beadwork, sealskin leather crafts, and prints inspired by the Arctic landscape are other important crafts. Storytelling, or ‘oqaluttuaq’, is another cherished tradition, a way of passing down history, myths, and knowledge from one generation to the next. For a visitor, engaging with this culture means approaching it with curiosity and respect, understanding that the traditions you see are not just for show, but are the living heart of one of the world’s most resilient and fascinating societies.
Back to Top5) Festivals & Events
Greenland’s calendar of festivals and events is a vibrant reflection of its unique culture, deep connection to nature, and hardy community spirit. The events are a mix of national holidays, seasonal celebrations tied to the Arctic environment, and modern sporting and cultural festivals. These are not typically large-scale, commercial events, but rather intimate and authentic celebrations that bring the small, tight-knit communities together. For a traveler, timing a visit to coincide with one of these events offers a fantastic opportunity to experience the warmth and hospitality of the Greenlandic people and to gain a deeper insight into the local way of life. From celebrating the return of the sun after months of polar night to grueling Arctic endurance races, Greenland’s festivals are a testament to the resilience and joy of life at the top of the world.
The most important date on the calendar is Greenland National Day, celebrated on June 21st. This date is significant for two reasons: it is the longest day of the year, the summer solstice, and it also marks the anniversary of the establishment of Greenland’s Home Rule government in 1979. It is a day of immense national pride and is celebrated with passion in every city, town, and settlement across the country. The day is filled with official events, including speeches and flag-raising ceremonies, but the real heart of the celebration is the community gatherings. People dress in the spectacular national costume, and the day is filled with traditional music, folk dancing, and community feasts known as ‘kaffemik’. It is a colorful, joyous, and welcoming celebration that offers visitors a wonderful immersion into Greenlandic culture.
Many of Greenland’s most unique celebrations are tied to the dramatic seasonal shifts of the Arctic. In the northern parts of the country that experience the polar night, the “Return of the Sun” is a major event. After weeks or months of complete darkness, the day the sun finally reappears above the horizon is a cause for a huge community celebration. Families gather on a viewpoint to greet the first rays of sun, singing songs and celebrating the end of the long winter darkness. Conversely, the first day a whale is caught after the winter ice breaks up is also a cause for celebration in many communities, as it signifies the return of a vital food source. These events are not on a fixed date but are powerful examples of a culture that lives in close rhythm with the natural world.
In addition to traditional celebrations, Greenland also hosts a number of modern events that attract international attention. The Arctic Circle Race, held near Sisimiut in March or April, is famously billed as “the toughest cross-country ski race in the world.” This grueling three-day, 160-kilometer race attracts elite athletes from around the globe who come to test their endurance against the harsh Arctic landscape. For a cultural fix, the Nuuk Nordisk Kulturfestival is a biennial event that celebrates Nordic arts and culture, bringing together artists, musicians, and performers from across the Nordic region for a week of collaboration and performances. In winter, many towns, including Nuuk, host snow sculpture festivals, where artists transform huge blocks of snow into incredible works of art. These events, both old and new, showcase the dynamic and vibrant spirit of Greenland.
Back to Top6) Local Cuisine
The local cuisine of Greenland is a unique and fascinating culinary tradition born from a deep respect for the natural world and the necessity of surviving in a harsh Arctic environment. It is a diet that is fundamentally shaped by the local geography, with ingredients sourced almost exclusively from the sea and the land. For millennia, the Inuit have thrived on a diet rich in protein and healthy fats, a tradition that continues to this day. The Greenlandic diet is not about complex spices or elaborate techniques; it is about purity, freshness, and utilizing every part of the animal. For the adventurous traveler, exploring the local cuisine is an integral part of understanding the culture and the profound connection the Greenlandic people have with their environment. It is a chance to taste ingredients that are found nowhere else on Earth, prepared with traditional methods passed down through generations.
The sea is the primary source of food in Greenland. Greenland halibut, Arctic char, cod, and redfish are staples, often smoked, dried, or served fresh. The Greenlandic prawn is another delicacy, known for its sweet and delicate flavor. However, the most iconic and culturally significant marine foods come from sea mammals. Seal is a traditional and vital part of the diet, providing not only meat but also nutrient-rich blubber and skin for clothing. Whale meat is also a key part of the culinary heritage. One of the most famous and unique Greenlandic delicacies is ‘mattak’, which consists of a strip of whale skin with the blubber still attached. It is typically eaten raw and has a nutty flavor and a chewy texture. Rich in vitamin C, mattak was historically crucial for preventing scurvy and remains a cherished and important food in the culture.
On land, the main sources of protein are reindeer (caribou) and muskox. These animals roam the treeless tundra and provide lean, flavorful meat that is often served as steaks, in stews, or as dried jerky. Lamb from the farms of South Greenland is also of exceptional quality, benefiting from the clean air and rich grazing. The national dish of Greenland is ‘suaasat’, a traditional and hearty soup that is the ultimate comfort food. It is typically made with seal, whale, reindeer, or seabirds, and is thickened with rice or barley and seasoned simply with onions and salt. It is a warming and nourishing dish that perfectly encapsulates the practical and wholesome nature of Greenlandic home cooking.
While the traditional diet is heavy on meat and fish, modern Greenlandic cuisine is evolving. In the restaurants of Nuuk and Ilulissat, talented chefs are creating innovative dishes that blend traditional Greenlandic ingredients with modern culinary techniques, creating a new “Arctic Cuisine.” These restaurants, often found in the main hotels, offer a more accessible way for tourists to sample local ingredients like muskox carpaccio or halibut with a crowberry sauce. And no culinary tour would be complete without trying “Greenlandic coffee,” a theatrical after-dinner drink. It is a potent mix of hot coffee, Kahlua, Grand Marnier, and whiskey, which is flambéed before being topped with whipped cream. The flame is said to represent the Northern Lights, providing a perfect, warming end to a meal and a true taste of Arctic hospitality.
Back to Top7) Transportation
Transportation in Greenland is a unique and defining aspect of the travel experience, fundamentally different from almost anywhere else in the world. The single most important fact to understand is that there are no roads or railway lines connecting any of the country’s towns and settlements. The immense distances, rugged terrain, and the vast, moving ice sheet make the construction of a national road network impossible. This means that all travel between different regions is conducted by a combination of air and sea. This reliance on flights and ferries makes getting around Greenland an adventure in itself, offering breathtaking views of the Arctic landscape, but it also necessitates careful planning, a flexible attitude, and a significant budget, as transportation is one of the most expensive components of any Greenlandic journey.
The backbone of the country’s transportation system is Air Greenland, the national airline. It operates a hub-and-spoke model centered on the main international airport in Kangerlussuaq. The airline uses a fleet of distinctive red fixed-wing aircraft for longer domestic routes between major towns like Nuuk, Ilulissat, and Kangerlussuaq. For travel to smaller, more remote settlements, Air Greenland utilizes a fleet of helicopters. Flying in Greenland is an unforgettable experience; on clear days, the flights offer spectacular, low-altitude views of glaciers, icebergs, and the dramatic coastal landscape. However, the weather in the Arctic is notoriously unpredictable, and flights are frequently delayed or cancelled due to fog, wind, or snow. It is absolutely essential for travelers to build buffer days into their itineraries to account for these potential disruptions. A tight schedule is not advisable in Greenland.
During the summer months when the coastal waters are free of ice, sea travel becomes a vital and scenic alternative to flying. The Sarfaq Ittuk is a coastal passenger ferry operated by the Arctic Umiaq Line that plies a route along the west coast, from Ilulissat in the north down to Narsaq in the south. The ferry is not a luxury cruise ship but a functional lifeline for local communities, providing a way for people and goods to move between towns. For tourists, it offers a fantastic and more relaxed way to travel, providing stunning, close-up views of the coastline, fjords, and icebergs. The journey takes several days to complete in its entirety, but it is possible to travel between individual ports. In addition to the main ferry, a vast network of smaller, private boat charter companies offers water taxi services and tourist excursions in every coastal town, which are essential for activities like iceberg tours and whale watching.
Within the towns themselves, transportation is more conventional. Most towns are small enough to be easily explored on foot. For longer distances or in the larger capital of Nuuk, there are local bus services and taxis. In the winter months, traditional modes of transport become viable and popular activities. In the northern and eastern parts of the country, dogsledding is a thrilling way to travel across the frozen landscape, offering a silent and profound connection to the Arctic environment. In many areas, snowmobiles are also a common and efficient way to get around in winter. The unique transportation challenges and methods are not just a logistical detail of a trip to Greenland; they are a fundamental part of the adventure, constantly reminding you of the scale, power, and remoteness of this incredible land.
Back to Top8) Weather & Climate
The weather and climate of Greenland are defined by its high latitude and the overwhelming influence of the massive Greenland Ice Sheet, resulting in a polar and Arctic climate across the vast majority of the island. This means that even in the height of summer, the weather is cool, and conditions can be highly unpredictable and change with startling speed. There are four distinct seasons, but the transitions between them can be rapid. The climate is not uniform across the country; there are significant regional variations. The interior, which is almost entirely covered by the ice sheet, experiences a true ice cap climate with extremely cold temperatures year-round. The coastal areas, where all the population lives, have a tundra climate. The southwest coast, including the capital Nuuk, is the mildest and wettest region, while the north is significantly colder and drier. The south also experiences more dramatic weather systems, including strong winds and storms known as ‘piteraqs’.
Summer in Greenland, from June to August, is a season of dramatic transformation. This is the period of the Midnight Sun, where the sun does not set for weeks or even months, depending on how far north you are. This is the warmest and most popular time to visit. In the coastal towns of the south and west, average daytime temperatures typically range from 5°C to 15°C (41°F to 59°F). It is not uncommon for temperatures to reach 20°C (68°F) on a calm, sunny day, especially in the protected inner fjords. However, even in summer, the weather can be fickle. A sunny day can quickly turn cold and foggy, and it is essential to always be prepared for cooler conditions. The summer is the season when the tundra comes to life with wildflowers and the sea ice breaks up, allowing for boat travel along the coast.
Autumn, from September to October, is a short but beautiful season of transition. The temperatures begin to drop, the first snows dust the mountaintops, and the tundra foliage turns to spectacular shades of red, orange, and yellow. The days shorten rapidly, and the darkness returns, making this the beginning of the Northern Lights season. The weather becomes more unstable during this period, with an increased chance of storms, but it can also offer crisp, clear days perfect for hiking. By November, winter has firmly taken hold across the country. Winter, from November to April, is long, cold, and dark. In the coastal towns, average temperatures in winter range from -5°C to -20°C (23°F to -4°F), but it can feel much colder with the wind chill. In the far north and on the ice sheet, temperatures can plummet to -40°C (-40°F) or even lower.
Spring, from April to May, is another season of rapid change and is often considered a “secret season” for travel. The landscape is typically still covered in a deep blanket of snow, but the sun has returned, bringing long days of bright, intense sunshine. This creates a fantastic environment for winter activities like dogsledding and snowmobiling, but in much more comfortable and sunny conditions than in the deep winter. The sea ice begins to break up, and the migratory birds return. Regardless of the season, the key to enjoying Greenland’s weather is to come prepared. The layering system is essential. You will need a waterproof and windproof outer layer, a warm insulating layer (like fleece or down), and a thermal base layer. Even in summer, a warm hat, gloves, and sturdy waterproof boots are non-negotiable items. The raw, powerful, and ever-changing weather is an integral part of the Greenlandic experience.
| Season / Months | Average Temperature Range (Ilulissat) |
|---|---|
| Summer (Jun – Aug) | 2°C – 12°C (36°F – 54°F) |
| Autumn (Sep – Nov) | -8°C – 4°C (18°F – 39°F) |
| Winter (Dec – Feb) | -18°C – -10°C (0°F – 14°F) |
| Spring (Mar – May) | -12°C – 2°C (10°F – 36°F) |
9) Airports, International and Domestic Flight
Greenland’s aviation network is the country’s lifeline, a unique and essential system that connects its isolated communities to each other and to the outside world. The airport infrastructure is a direct legacy of the US military’s presence during World War II, which established the first major runways. The primary international gateway to Greenland is Kangerlussuaq Airport (SFJ). Located at the end of a deep fjord, its inland position provides one of the most stable and clear weather climates in the country, making it the most reliable hub for transatlantic flights. Air Greenland, the national carrier, operates year-round flights to Kangerlussuaq from Copenhagen, Denmark. This route is the most common and frequent way for international travelers to reach Greenland. During the summer season, Air Iceland Connect also operates flights from Reykjavik, Iceland, providing another key entry point.
Once in Greenland, all further travel between towns is handled by a domestic network that functions like a hub-and-spoke system, with Kangerlussuaq at its center. From this main hub, Air Greenland operates its fleet of red Dash-8 fixed-wing aircraft to connect to the larger coastal towns that have runways, such as Nuuk (the capital), Ilulissat, Aasiaat, and Kulusuk. These flights are an experience in themselves, offering incredible low-altitude views of the ice sheet, glaciers, and iceberg-filled fjords. It is crucial for travelers to understand that you often cannot fly directly from one coastal town to another; you may have to fly back to the central hub of Kangerlussuaq to connect to your next destination. This makes planning a multi-destination itinerary a logistical puzzle that requires careful attention to the flight schedule.
The capital city, Nuuk (GOH), is currently undergoing a major airport expansion to create a new international hub with a longer runway capable of handling direct flights from Europe and North America. This ambitious project is set to transform the travel landscape of Greenland, allowing for direct international arrivals into the capital and reducing the reliance on the Kangerlussuaq hub. This will make travel to the capital region and South Greenland more direct and efficient. However, for the foreseeable future, Kangerlussuaq remains the primary international entry point, and the hub-and-spoke domestic system continues to be the standard mode of operation. This unique setup necessitates a different approach to travel planning than in other countries, as the journey itself is a significant and time-consuming part of the adventure.
For reaching the many smaller settlements and villages that do not have runways, Air Greenland utilizes a fleet of Bell 212 helicopters. These helicopter routes are a vital lifeline for these remote communities, transporting people, mail, and essential supplies. For a tourist, taking a helicopter flight is a thrilling and scenic experience, offering unparalleled aerial views of the dramatic Arctic terrain. However, all air travel in Greenland is highly susceptible to the whims of the weather. Fog, high winds, and snow can cause frequent and sometimes lengthy delays or cancellations. It is of the utmost importance that travelers book all flights well in advance, reconfirm their flight status regularly, and build significant buffer time into their itineraries. A flexible and patient mindset is essential when traveling by air in the unpredictable Arctic.
Back to Top10) Back Up Plan and Flight Route
Traveling in Greenland requires a mindset that is fundamentally different from travel in most other parts of the world. Here, nature is in charge, and the weather dictates all movement. Therefore, a “backup plan” is not just a good idea; it is an absolute necessity and an integral part of any well-structured itinerary. The most common cause of travel disruption is flight delays or cancellations due to fog, wind, or snow. A two-day delay is not uncommon. The key to a successful trip is to anticipate these disruptions and build in significant flexibility. The most effective backup strategy is to schedule “buffer days” around any critical travel leg, especially your international departure. It is highly recommended to plan to be back in your international departure city (Kangerlussuaq, Nuuk, or Kulusuk) at least one or two full days before your scheduled flight home. This prevents a domestic flight delay from causing you to miss your expensive international connection.
In the event of a flight cancellation, there are very few “alternative routes” in the traditional sense. Since there are no roads between towns, you cannot simply hire a car or take a bus. Your options are limited and depend heavily on the season and location. The first and most important step is to stay in close communication with the Air Greenland staff at the airport. They are accustomed to these situations and will automatically rebook you on the next available flight. However, “next available” could be later the same day, the next day, or in rare cases, several days later if there is a backlog of passengers. This is where patience and a calm demeanor are essential. Having a book to read, a charged power bank, and some extra snacks can make a long wait at a small Arctic airport much more bearable.
During the summer months, sea travel can sometimes serve as a limited backup option. If a short flight between two coastal towns is cancelled, it might be possible to charter a private boat or find a spot on a local water taxi to make the journey. This can be an expensive and time-consuming alternative, but it may be an option in regions with a lot of boat traffic, like Disko Bay. However, for longer distances, this is not a practical solution. The coastal ferry, Sarfaq Ittuk, runs on a fixed schedule and is often booked in advance, so it is unlikely to be a viable last-minute alternative. Your best bet is to embrace the delay. Use the extra, unplanned day to explore more of the town you are in, go for a hike you didn’t have time for, or visit the local museum. Treating a delay as an opportunity rather than a crisis is the key to enjoying Greenlandic travel.
The most crucial part of your backup plan is your travel insurance. Given the high probability of weather-related delays and the high cost of travel in Greenland, comprehensive travel insurance with robust trip delay and trip cancellation coverage is non-negotiable. Ensure your policy covers costs incurred due to significant delays, such as extra nights of accommodation and meals. Read the policy details carefully to understand the coverage limits and the required documentation for making a claim (e.g., an official letter from the airline confirming the delay). Ultimately, the best backup plan is a combination of a flexible schedule, robust insurance, and a philosophical acceptance that you are a guest in a powerful and unpredictable natural environment. This approach will ensure that even with delays, your Arctic adventure remains a positive and unforgettable experience.
| Alternative Plan / Strategy | Description |
|---|---|
| Build “Buffer Days” into Your Itinerary | The most effective strategy. Plan to be back in your international departure city 1-2 days before your flight home to absorb any domestic travel delays. |
| Stay in Contact with the Airline | In case of a delay, Air Greenland staff are your primary source of information. They will automatically rebook you on the next available flight. Be patient and polite. |
| Explore Your Current Location | Treat a delay as an opportunity. Use the extra day to take another hike, visit the local museum, or book a short boat tour you didn’t have time for previously. |
| Rely on Comprehensive Travel Insurance | A mandatory part of your plan. Ensure your policy covers trip delays, cancellations, and missed connections to protect you from significant financial loss. |
11) Safety & Health
Greenland is an exceptionally safe country in terms of crime. The crime rate is very low, and violent crime, especially against tourists, is virtually unheard of. The small, tight-knit communities are generally very welcoming and honest, and you can feel very safe walking around the towns at any time of day. The primary safety concerns in Greenland are not related to people but to the powerful and unforgiving natural environment. The Arctic is a place that demands respect, and being well-prepared for the environmental risks is the most important aspect of staying safe. The weather can change in an instant, from sunny and calm to foggy and dangerously windy. It is crucial to never underestimate the Arctic environment and to always be prepared for the worst possible conditions when venturing outside of the settlements.
When hiking, even on a short walk just outside a town, it is essential to be properly equipped. This means wearing sturdy, waterproof hiking boots, dressing in layers, and always carrying a waterproof and windproof outer jacket, a warm hat, and gloves, even in summer. You should always let someone know your planned route and your expected return time. It is highly recommended to hire a local guide for any serious trekking, as they are experts in navigating the trail-less terrain and understanding the unpredictable weather. One of the most significant wildlife risks, although rare in the populated areas of the west coast, is the polar bear. In more remote areas, especially in the north and east, polar bear encounters are a possibility. You should never venture into these areas without an experienced local guide who is equipped with the necessary safety equipment, including a rifle.
Health services in Greenland are of a good standard, but the infrastructure is limited due to the small and scattered population. Each town has a small hospital or nursing station, but for any serious illness or injury, you would need to be medically evacuated to the main hospital in Nuuk, or in critical cases, to Denmark or Iceland. For this reason, comprehensive travel insurance that includes emergency medical evacuation coverage is absolutely mandatory. The cost of a medical evacuation from a remote part of Greenland can be astronomical, and you will not be allowed to board a medevac flight without proof of adequate insurance coverage. Do not travel to Greenland without it. It is also wise to bring a personal first-aid kit with any prescription medications you require, as pharmacies may have limited stock.
There are no specific vaccinations required for Greenland, but it is always a good idea to be up-to-date with your routine vaccinations. The tap water in all the towns is of excellent quality, sourced from pristine meltwater lakes, and is safe to drink. One minor but annoying health concern in the summer is the presence of mosquitos and small black flies, which can be very numerous and persistent, especially on calm days. A good quality insect repellent and a head net can make hiking and other outdoor activities much more pleasant. By being well-prepared for the environment, respecting the power of nature, following the advice of local experts, and ensuring you have robust travel insurance, you can safely enjoy an incredible adventure in the pristine wilderness of Greenland.
Back to Top12) Currency, Commodities & Costs
The official currency of Greenland is the Danish Krone (DKK). Although Greenland is an autonomous territory, it is part of the Kingdom of Denmark, and it uses the same currency. This is a key piece of information for financial planning, as you will need to acquire Danish currency for your trip. It is advisable to exchange some money into DKK before you arrive, or to withdraw cash from an ATM upon arrival at the airport in Kangerlussuaq. ATMs are available in all major towns and most larger settlements, but they can be few and far between, so it is a good idea to withdraw a sufficient amount of cash when you have the opportunity. Credit cards (primarily Visa and Mastercard) are widely accepted in hotels, larger supermarkets, and most tour operator offices in the main towns. However, in smaller shops, at local markets, or in remote settlements, cash is king. It is essential to have a mix of both cash and cards for your journey.
It is crucial for travelers to understand that Greenland is an extremely expensive destination. The high cost of living is a reality of life in such a remote and harsh environment, where almost all consumer goods, from fresh fruit to building materials, must be imported over long distances, primarily from Denmark. The prices for everyday commodities are significantly higher than in Europe or North America. This high cost base naturally extends to the tourism sector. The logistical challenges of running hotels, operating tours, and providing services in the Arctic mean that prices for accommodation, food, and activities are substantial. A trip to Greenland is a significant financial investment, and it is important to budget accordingly to avoid any unpleasant surprises. This is not a destination for budget backpacking; it is a premium destination for those seeking a unique and exclusive nature-based experience.
To give an idea of the costs, a mid-range hotel room will likely cost upwards of $200-300 USD per night. A simple meal at a casual restaurant or cafe can easily cost $30-50 USD per person, while a three-course dinner at a nice restaurant could be over $100 USD. The excursions that form the heart of a Greenlandic trip are also expensive. For example, a 2-3 hour iceberg boat tour in Ilulissat can cost around $100-150 USD per person, while a full-day excursion or a helicopter tour will be significantly more. Even basic groceries at the supermarket are costly. A liter of milk or a loaf of bread can be two to three times the price you would pay at home. It is wise to factor these high daily costs into your overall travel budget. Booking a package tour can sometimes be a more cost-effective option, as tour operators can bundle flights, accommodation, and excursions at a better rate.
Tipping is not a widespread custom in Greenland, and it is not generally expected for services like dining in a restaurant or taking a taxi. Service charges are typically included in the price. However, for outstanding service from a tour guide who has gone above and beyond to provide a fantastic experience, a tip is a very welcome and appreciated gesture. The amount is at your discretion, but it is a nice way to show your gratitude for their expertise and hard work. When shopping for souvenirs, prices are generally fixed in shops and galleries. Bargaining is not part of the culture. By preparing for the high costs, carrying a mix of cash and cards, and understanding the tipping culture, you can manage your finances effectively and focus on enjoying the incredible experiences that Greenland has to offer.
| Commodity / Service | Average Cost (DKK) |
|---|---|
| Cappuccino in a cafe | 40 – 60 |
| Domestic beer in a bar | 50 – 80 |
| Main course at a mid-range restaurant | 200 – 350 |
| 2-hour Iceberg boat tour (per person) | 600 – 900 |
| Loaf of bread in a supermarket | 25 – 40 |
| Short taxi ride in Nuuk | 100 – 150 |
13) Housing Rental Cost
The housing rental market in Greenland is a unique and challenging landscape, primarily concentrated in the capital city, Nuuk, and to a lesser extent in other major towns like Ilulissat and Sisimiut. This section is most relevant for those considering a long-term stay, such as for work, research, or an extended immersion in the culture. The market is characterized by a severe and chronic shortage of housing stock, which has led to extremely high rental prices and long waiting lists for accommodation, particularly for government-subsidized housing. For expatriates and private renters, the market is very competitive and expensive, often rivaling the costs of major Scandinavian capitals. The high cost of construction in the Arctic, the limited availability of suitable land, and a growing population in the capital all contribute to this difficult housing situation.
The most common types of rental properties are apartments within multi-story blocks. Standalone houses are rare and command very high rents. The quality of housing is generally good, with properties built to withstand the harsh Arctic climate, featuring excellent insulation and triple-glazed windows. Most rental properties come unfurnished. Finding a property often relies on networking and word-of-mouth, as online real estate portals are not as comprehensive as in other countries. Companies and institutions that hire foreign workers often have their own housing stock or will provide assistance in securing accommodation, which is a significant advantage. For individuals arriving without institutional support, finding a place to live can be the single greatest challenge of moving to Greenland.
In Nuuk, the demand for apartments is intense. The rental price for a simple, unfurnished two-bedroom apartment can easily range from 10,000 to 15,000 Danish Krone (DKK) per month, and often more for newer or more centrally located properties. Condominiums are less common in the sense of private ownership for speculation, as the market is heavily regulated, but modern, high-quality apartment blocks function in a similar way for renters. A security deposit, typically equivalent to three months’ rent, is standard practice, representing a significant upfront cost. Lease agreements are usually formal and offer strong tenant protection, in line with Danish law. However, due to the high demand, landlords have a great deal of choice when it comes to selecting tenants, and having a secure employment contract is usually a prerequisite.
Outside of Nuuk, the situation is not necessarily easier. While rents might be slightly lower in towns like Sisimiut or Ilulissat, the availability of housing is even more limited. In smaller settlements, there is virtually no private rental market, and housing is tied to employment with the local municipality or a specific company. For anyone considering a long-term move to Greenland, securing housing should be the absolute first priority, arranged well in advance of arrival. The high costs and limited availability are a fundamental aspect of life in Greenland and must be carefully factored into any financial planning or employment negotiations. The close-knit nature of the communities means that personal connections can be invaluable in the housing search, making it a market that is as much about who you know as what you can afford.
| Type of Housing (Nuuk) | Average Monthly Rental Cost (DKK) |
|---|---|
| 1-Bedroom Apartment (unfurnished) | 8,000 – 12,000 |
| 2-Bedroom Apartment (unfurnished) | 10,000 – 16,000 |
| 3-Bedroom Apartment (unfurnished) | 14,000 – 20,000+ |
| Room in a shared apartment | 5,000 – 7,000 |
| Small House (rare, if available) | 20,000 – 30,000+ |
14) Cost of Living
The cost of living in Greenland is exceptionally high, a fact that shapes daily life for its residents and is a critical consideration for anyone planning an extended stay. This high cost is an unavoidable reality of living in a remote Arctic nation where almost all consumer goods, fresh produce, and manufactured items must be imported, primarily by sea or air from Denmark. The immense logistical costs associated with shipping and the lack of a domestic agricultural or manufacturing base mean that prices for everyday items in the supermarket are significantly higher than in Europe or North America. While salaries for skilled professionals are also high to compensate for this, the general cost of maintaining a household is a major part of the Greenlandic experience. Understanding this financial landscape is essential for anyone considering a move.
Housing, as detailed previously, is the single largest expense for most residents, particularly in the capital, Nuuk. After rent or mortgage payments, the monthly grocery bill is the next most significant expenditure. A trip to the local supermarket, such as the Pisiffik or Brugseni chains, can be a surprising experience for newcomers. The price of imported fresh fruits and vegetables, dairy products, and dry goods can be two to three times higher than what one would pay in Denmark. While locally sourced fish, seafood, and meat (like reindeer or muskox) can be more reasonably priced when available, the overall cost of a weekly shop is substantial. For this reason, many residents supplement their groceries with hunting and fishing, a practice that is both culturally significant and economically practical.
Utilities and services also contribute to the high cost of living. Electricity, generated primarily by hydropower in many towns but by diesel generators in others, is expensive. Heating costs during the long, cold winters are also a major household expense. Internet and telecommunications are another area where costs are much higher than in other developed countries. Due to the reliance on satellite connections for data, internet packages are more expensive and often come with lower speeds and smaller data caps than one might be used to. While the infrastructure is modernizing, the cost of staying connected remains high. Public services like education and healthcare are, however, publicly funded and of a high standard, following the Nordic model. The public school system is free, but for expatriates seeking an international curriculum, there are no dedicated international schools, which is a major consideration for families.
Discretionary spending on items like clothing, electronics, and furniture is also very expensive due to import costs. Most people do a significant amount of shopping online from Danish retailers, though shipping costs must be factored in. Eating out at restaurants and the cost of alcohol in bars are also priced at a premium. A simple meal out can be a costly affair, making it more of a special occasion than a regular habit for many families. While the high cost of living is a challenge, it is balanced by high wages in many sectors, a strong social safety net, and the priceless value of living in a safe, close-knit community surrounded by some of the most spectacular natural beauty on the planet. It is a trade-off that defines the unique experience of life in modern Greenland.
| Expense Category | Average Monthly Cost (DKK) |
|---|---|
| International School Tuition (per child) | Not available (only public Greenlandic/Danish schools) |
| Public Kindergarten / Daycare (‘Kita’) | Subsidized, but fees apply (e.g., 500 – 1,500) |
| Monthly Utilities (Electricity, Heating, Water for 80m² Apt) | 1,500 – 2,500 |
| Monthly Internet & Mobile Phone Plan | 800 – 1,500 |
| Monthly Public Transport Pass (Nuuk) | ~500 |
| Monthly Groceries (Single Person) | 4,000 – 6,000 |
15) Shopping & Souvenirs
Shopping for souvenirs in Greenland offers a unique opportunity to purchase authentic, handcrafted items that are deeply rooted in the country’s Inuit culture and Arctic environment. Unlike the mass-produced trinkets found in many tourist destinations, Greenlandic souvenirs are genuine works of art, crafted by local artisans using traditional materials and techniques. The shopping experience is centered in the main towns, particularly in Nuuk, Ilulissat, and Sisimiut, where you can find dedicated souvenir shops, artist workshops, and local markets. The items you find are more than just mementos; they are stories of survival, mythology, and the profound connection between the Greenlandic people and the natural world. Purchasing these crafts is also a wonderful way to directly support local artists and the preservation of their cultural heritage.
The most iconic and sought-after souvenir from Greenland is the ‘tupilak’. Traditionally, a tupilak was a small, monstrous figure carved in secret from materials like animal bone, walrus ivory, or wood by a shaman. It was believed to be a vengeful spirit that could be brought to life to harm an enemy. Today, the creation of tupilaks has evolved into a major art form. Artisans carve intricate and often grotesque figures from reindeer antler, walrus tusk, or soapstone, depicting creatures from Inuit mythology and legends. Each tupilak is a unique, one-of-a-kind piece of art, and they are highly prized by collectors. When purchasing items made from walrus or narwhal tusk, it is crucial to ensure you receive a CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species) certificate, which is required to legally export the item from Greenland and import it into your home country.
Crafts made from sealskin are another authentic and beautiful souvenir, reflecting the central role of the seal in Greenlandic life. You can find a wide range of high-quality sealskin products, including boots (‘kamiks’), mittens, handbags, and decorative items. The use of sealskin is a sustainable and culturally vital practice in Greenland, and purchasing these items supports traditional hunting communities. However, the import of sealskin products is banned in the European Union and the United States, with some exceptions for products made by indigenous communities. It is the traveler’s responsibility to be aware of the specific regulations in their home country before purchasing these items. For a less controversial but equally beautiful option, look for items made from muskox wool (‘qiviut’), one of the softest and warmest wools in the world, which is used to create incredibly luxurious scarves, hats, and sweaters.
Other popular souvenirs include jewelry made from local materials. Intricate beadwork, often combined with sealskin, is used to create beautiful necklaces, earrings, and decorations for the national costume. Jewelry carved from soapstone or reindeer antler is also common. In the souvenir shops, you will also find a range of prints and watercolors by local artists depicting the stunning Arctic landscapes, as well as books on Greenlandic culture and photography. The best places to shop are often the local artist workshops, where you can sometimes watch the artisans at work, and the official souvenir shops, which can provide the necessary CITES certificates for export. By choosing your souvenirs thoughtfully, you can bring home a piece of Greenland’s unique artistic soul.
Back to Top16) Nightlife & Entertainment
The nightlife and entertainment scene in Greenland is modest, intimate, and largely centered in the capital city of Nuuk. Given the country’s small population and the challenging Arctic environment, you will not find the sprawling entertainment districts or mega-clubs of a major global metropolis. Instead, the nightlife reflects the close-knit nature of Greenlandic society, revolving around cozy pubs, a handful of lively bars, and community-focused cultural events. The experience is less about glamour and more about authentic social interaction, offering a unique opportunity for visitors to mingle with locals in a relaxed and friendly atmosphere. The scene comes to life primarily on Friday and Saturday nights, when residents unwind after a week of work and embrace the opportunity to socialize with friends and family.
In Nuuk, the heart of the nightlife can be found along a few central streets where most of the city’s bars and pubs are located. These venues range from quiet, pub-style establishments perfect for a conversation and a cold beer to more energetic bars with live music or DJs. Godthaab Bryghus is a popular microbrewery and gastropub in Nuuk, offering a selection of locally brewed beers and a cozy atmosphere. For a more lively experience, bars like Daddy’s and Manhattan are well-known spots where you can find a packed dance floor on a weekend night, with DJs playing a mix of international pop hits, rock music, and Danish chart-toppers. The crowd is typically a mix of locals and expatriates, creating a welcoming and unpretentious environment. It is a fantastic way to experience the modern, social side of the capital.
Beyond the typical bars and clubs, the Katuaq Cultural Centre in Nuuk is a central hub for entertainment in the city. This architectural landmark hosts a wide variety of events, including concerts from Greenlandic and international musicians, film screenings in its modern cinema, art exhibitions, and theater performances. Checking the schedule at Katuaq upon your arrival in Nuuk is highly recommended, as it is the best place to engage with the formal arts and culture scene in the country. Attending a concert by a local Greenlandic band can be a particularly rewarding experience, offering insight into the contemporary music that combines traditional influences with modern genres like rock and pop. Many community events, from local markets to public celebrations, also provide a form of evening entertainment and social gathering.
Outside of Nuuk, the nightlife options are significantly more limited. In other major towns like Ilulissat and Sisimiut, you will typically find one or two local pubs or hotel bars that serve as the main social hubs for the community. These establishments are excellent places to strike up a conversation with locals and hear stories about life in the town. In the smaller settlements, there is essentially no formal nightlife. Social life revolves around private homes and community events. A very special and authentic Greenlandic social event is the ‘kaffemik’, a traditional open-house gathering to celebrate a special occasion like a birthday or a confirmation. While this is a private event, visitors who make local connections are sometimes honored with an invitation, offering a truly memorable and heartwarming glimpse into the core of Greenlandic hospitality and community life.
Back to Top17) Insider Travel Tips
To truly make the most of an extraordinary journey to Greenland, embracing a few insider tips can elevate the experience from a great vacation to a life-changing adventure. The single most important piece of advice is to accept and even embrace the concept of “Greenlandic time.” The weather is the ultimate authority here, and it will dictate your itinerary. Flights will be delayed, and boat tours will be cancelled. Do not fight this reality. Instead, build immense flexibility into your schedule. Have backup plans for your backup plans. Pack a good book and download movies to your tablet. The key is to view a delay not as a problem, but as an opportunity. An extra, unplanned day in a town allows for a spontaneous hike, a visit to the local museum you might have skipped, or simply time to sit by the harbor and watch the mesmerizing drift of the icebergs. A patient and flexible mindset is the most essential item you can pack.
One of the best ways to connect with the local culture is to participate in a ‘kaffemik’. This is a traditional Greenlandic open-house celebration for birthdays, confirmations, or other special occasions, where the hosts open their doors to the entire community for coffee, cake, and conversation. While you cannot simply walk into a private home, tour operators are increasingly offering opportunities to experience an arranged kaffemik with a local family. This is a far more authentic and intimate cultural experience than a staged performance. It is a chance to see the inside of a Greenlandic home, to taste homemade cakes, and to have a genuine conversation about daily life. If you are offered this opportunity, embrace it with an open heart. Remember to take your shoes off upon entering the home and consider bringing a small, simple gift from your home country as a gesture of thanks.
When it comes to packing, think layers, and then add more layers. The weather can shift from sunny and calm to cold and windy in minutes. High-quality waterproof and windproof outerwear is non-negotiable, even in summer. Two items that are often overlooked but are absolute lifesavers are a mosquito head net for summer hikes and a high-capacity power bank. Mosquitos and black flies can be ferocious in July and August, and a head net can be the difference between an enjoyable hike and a miserable one. Electricity in some settlements can be intermittent, and you will be taking a lot of photos, so a power bank ensures your camera and phone are always ready. Also, bring more cash (Danish Krone) than you think you will need. While cards are accepted in towns, having a cash reserve is essential for smaller purchases and as a backup if card machines are down.
Finally, to get the most out of your experience, invest in guided tours. While it might be tempting to save money by exploring independently, the value of a local guide in Greenland cannot be overstated. They possess a lifetime of knowledge about the local environment, the wildlife, and the culture that you simply cannot get from a book. They know the safest routes for hiking, the best spots to see whales, and can share personal stories that bring the landscape and culture to life. Whether it’s a boat tour among icebergs, a city walk, or a multi-day trek, a good local guide will transform your understanding and appreciation of this incredible land. They are the key to unlocking the true soul of Greenland, making their expertise an essential part of a successful and deeply rewarding journey.
Back to Top18) Etiquette & Customs
Understanding and respecting the local etiquette and customs is key to a positive and meaningful interaction with the people of Greenland. The culture is a unique blend of traditional Inuit values and modern Nordic social norms, creating a society that is both deeply communal and respectfully private. Greenlandic people are generally known for being reserved, humble, and pragmatic. They may not be as outwardly expressive or chatty as people in some other cultures, but this should not be mistaken for unfriendliness. It is a culture that values actions over words and has a deep-seated respect for personal autonomy. A calm, polite, and patient demeanor will be well-received and will help to foster genuine connections. Overt displays of emotion, whether positive or negative, are not common, and a measured approach to conversation is appreciated.
One of the most important customs to be aware of is the etiquette around visiting a private home. If you are fortunate enough to be invited to someone’s house, it is a significant gesture of hospitality. The first and most important rule is to always remove your shoes upon entering. The floors are kept clean from the outside dirt and snow, and you will see a collection of shoes in the entrance of every home. Your host may offer you a pair of house slippers. Punctuality is appreciated but not as strictly observed as in mainland Scandinavia or Germany; a relaxed approach to time is common. It is a thoughtful gesture to bring a small gift for your host, such as a box of chocolates, a quality coffee, or a small souvenir from your home country, although this is not strictly required.
The concept of ‘kaffemik’, a traditional open-house celebration, is a cornerstone of Greenlandic social life. If you find yourself in a town during a birthday, confirmation, or other milestone, you may see a Greenlandic flag flying outside a private home. This is an open invitation to the community to come in for coffee, cake, and conversation. While as a tourist you should not just walk in uninvited, it illustrates the deep sense of community that defines the culture. In conversation, Greenlanders are often direct and honest. Small talk for the sake of filling silence is not a major part of the communication style. Silence in a conversation is not necessarily awkward; it can simply be a moment for thought. It is also important to be mindful of sensitive topics. While Greenlanders are proud of their culture, discussions about social problems or complex political issues should be approached with sensitivity and respect.
Respect for nature and the hunting culture is another fundamental aspect of etiquette. The natural environment is not just a beautiful backdrop; it is the source of life and is treated with immense respect. It is crucial for visitors to adhere to this ethos by leaving no trace, not disturbing wildlife, and following the guidance of local experts. The hunting culture is vital for sustenance and is a source of great pride. Visitors should approach this topic with an open mind and respect, even if it is unfamiliar. Avoid being squeamish about traditional foods or the sight of a hunter’s catch. By showing a genuine and respectful curiosity, you will be welcomed into one of the world’s most unique and resilient cultures, making your journey through Greenland a truly enriching experience.
Back to Top19) Basic Language Tips
While English is widely spoken in the tourism sector in Greenland, making an effort to learn a few basic phrases in the local languages will be immensely appreciated and will significantly enrich your interactions. Greenland has two official languages: Greenlandic (Kalaallisut) and Danish. Greenlandic is the indigenous Inuit language and the first language for the vast majority of the population. Danish is the language of the former colonial power and is still widely used in business, administration, and higher education. Most Greenlanders are bilingual. As a visitor, you will find that locals are very proud of their own language, and any attempt to speak Greenlandic, no matter how clumsy, will be met with a warm and encouraging smile. Danish is also very useful and may be easier for speakers of other European languages to attempt.
Greetings are the most important place to start. In Greenlandic, a simple and friendly “Aluu” serves as “hello.” To ask “How are you?,” you can say “Qanoq ippit?”. A common response is “Ajunngilanga,” meaning “I am fine.” In Danish, “hello” is “Hej” (pronounced like ‘hi’), and “How are you?” is “Hvordan har du det?”. A simple “Tak” (thank you) in Danish is very easy to learn and is used constantly. In Greenlandic, “thank you” is the beautiful word “Qujanaq.” This is perhaps the single most useful Greenlandic word to learn, and it will be met with great appreciation. Saying goodbye is also important. In Danish, you can say “Farvel” (goodbye) or the more common “Hej hej” (bye bye). In Greenlandic, “goodbye” is “Inuulluarit.”
Navigating simple interactions will be much easier with a few more words. The words for “yes” and “no” are essential. In Greenlandic, “yes” is “Aap” and “no” is “Naamik.” In Danish, they are “Ja” (ya) and “Nej” (nigh). If you want to get someone’s attention or apologize, the Danish word “Undskyld” (excuse me / sorry) is very useful. When you are in a shop or cafe, being able to say “please” is always polite. The Danish phrase is “Vær så venlig,” although it is often implied and less frequently used than in English. Knowing your numbers can also be helpful. In Danish, one, two, three are “en, to, tre.” In Greenlandic, they are “ataaseq, marluk, pingasut,” which can be more of a challenge for visitors.
It is unlikely that you will become fluent, but the gesture of trying is what truly matters. It shows respect and a genuine interest in the culture that goes beyond just seeing the icebergs. The Greenlandic language is complex and beautiful, a reflection of the environment and the culture that it describes. For example, there are many different words for snow and ice, each with a precise meaning. Taking a moment to learn “Qujanaq” or to greet someone with “Aluu” is a small investment that will pay huge dividends in the warmth of the welcome you receive. It bridges the gap between being a tourist and being a respectful guest in this incredible land.
| English | Greenlandic (Kalaallisut) / Danish |
|---|---|
| Hello | Aluu / Hej |
| How are you? | Qanoq ippit? / Hvordan har du det? |
| I am fine | Ajunngilanga / Jeg har det godt |
| Thank you | Qujanaq / Tak |
| You’re welcome | Illillu / Selv tak |
| Yes | Aap / Ja |
| No | Naamik / Nej |
| Goodbye | Inuulluarit / Farvel |
| What is your name? | Qanoq ateqarpit? / Hvad hedder du? |
| My name is… | …-mik ateqarpunga / Jeg hedder… |
| Excuse me / Sorry | Utoqqatserpunga / Undskyld |
| I don’t understand | Paasinngilara / Jeg forstår ikke |
| Iceberg | Iluliaq |
| Mountain | Qaqqaq |
| Water | Imeq / Vand |
| Food | Nerisassat / Mad |
| Cheers! | Kasuutta! / Skål! |
| How much is this? | Qanoq akeqarpa? / Hvad koster den? |
| The weather is good | Sila ajunngilaq / Vejret er godt |
| Beautiful | Kusanartuq / Smuk |
20) Useful Resources
To successfully plan and execute a trip to a destination as remote and unique as Greenland, relying on high-quality, official resources is absolutely essential. The primary and most comprehensive resource for any potential visitor is the official national tourism website, Visit Greenland (visitgreenland.com). This website is a treasure trove of information, available in multiple languages, and covers everything from destination guides and activity suggestions to practical advice on transportation, weather, and cultural etiquette. It offers inspiring articles, beautiful photography, and, crucially, a directory of verified local tour operators across the country. It should be the first stop for anyone even beginning to dream of a Greenlandic adventure, providing the foundational knowledge needed to understand the complexities and possibilities of travel in the country.
For the critical task of booking flights, the official airline websites are your most reliable resource. Air Greenland (airgreenland.gl) is the national carrier and operates the key international route from Copenhagen as well as the entire domestic network of flights and helicopters. Their website is the only place to book the complex multi-leg domestic journeys required to explore the country. For flights from Iceland, the Air Iceland Connect website is the place to book. It is highly recommended to book directly with the airlines rather than through third-party sites, as this makes it much easier to manage your booking in the likely event of weather-related delays or schedule changes. Another vital resource for sea travel is the Arctic Umiaq Line website, where you can find schedules and book tickets for the Sarfaq Ittuk passenger ferry that serves the west coast.
Staying informed about the weather is not just a matter of convenience in Greenland; it is a matter of safety. The Danish Meteorological Institute (DMI) provides the most reliable and detailed weather forecasts for Greenland, available on their website (dmi.dk), which has an English version. Checking the forecast regularly is a crucial part of daily planning, especially before embarking on any hike or boat trip. For those interested in seeing the Northern Lights, a variety of aurora forecast apps and websites, such as the Space Weather Prediction Center (NOAA) or specific apps like Aurora, can provide predictions on the likelihood and intensity of auroral activity, helping you to know when to look up at the night sky.
Finally, having key emergency and informational contacts is a vital part of being a prepared traveler. While there is no single, overarching emergency number like 911 or 999, you can call the local police directly in any town by dialing 112. It is also wise to have the contact details for your home country’s embassy in Copenhagen, Denmark, as most countries do not have a physical diplomatic presence in Greenland but are represented by their embassy in Denmark. Before you go, ensure you have the 24/7 emergency assistance number for your travel insurance provider saved in your phone and written down somewhere safe. By utilizing these official and reliable resources, you can navigate the challenges of Greenlandic travel with confidence, ensuring a safe, well-planned, and ultimately unforgettable journey into the heart of the Arctic.
| Resource | Contact / Website |
|---|---|
| Visit Greenland (Official Tourism Site) | www.visitgreenland.com |
| Air Greenland (National Airline) | www.airgreenland.gl |
| Danish Meteorological Institute (DMI Weather) | www.dmi.dk/en/ |
| Police Emergency | 112 |
| Arctic Umiaq Line (Coastal Ferry) | www.aul.gl/en |
| U.S. Consulate Nuuk, Greenland | gl.usembassy.gov |
