Mauritania Travel Guide
1) Destination Overview
Mauritania, officially the Islamic Republic of Mauritania, is a vast and enigmatic nation that serves as a physical and cultural bridge between Arab North Africa and Sub-Saharan Africa. Dominated by the immense Sahara Desert, this is a destination for the true adventurer, a traveler who seeks not conventional comforts but the profound beauty of stark, empty landscapes and the deep resonance of ancient history. The country’s terrain is a mesmerizing canvas of sweeping sand dunes, dramatic rock plateaus, and a stunningly biodiverse Atlantic coastline. It is a land where life has adapted to the extremes, from the nomadic pastoralists who traverse the desert with their herds to the vibrant birdlife of the Banc d’Arguin National Park. A journey through Mauritania is a journey back in time, offering a glimpse into a world shaped by trade, faith, and the timeless rhythms of the desert.
The historical and cultural heart of Mauritania lies deep within its desert interior, in the ancient caravan cities of Chinguetti, Ouadane, Tichitt, and Oualata. These UNESCO World Heritage sites were once crucial hubs on the trans-Saharan trade routes, flourishing as centers of Islamic scholarship, commerce, and culture. Today, while partly reclaimed by the encroaching sands, they remain living repositories of history. Their stone-and-mudbrick libraries hold thousands of priceless ancient manuscripts on subjects ranging from astronomy and mathematics to law and poetry. Wandering the sandy lanes of Chinguetti, often called the seventh holiest city of Islam, feels like stepping into another millennium. The preservation of this profound intellectual and architectural heritage in such a harsh environment is a testament to the resilience and enduring spirit of the Mauritanian people, making these cities a primary draw for any visitor.
Contrasting with the arid interior is Mauritania’s 754-kilometer coastline, a wild and windswept frontier where the Sahara meets the Atlantic Ocean. This coastal zone is home to the Banc d’Arguin National Park, another UNESCO World Heritage site and one of the world’s most important wintering grounds for migratory waterbirds. Millions of birds flock here from Northern Europe, Siberia, and Greenland, creating a spectacular ornithological display against a backdrop of tidal flats, sandbanks, and shallow seas. The park is also home to the Imraguen people, a traditional fishing community whose unique and sustainable fishing techniques, often in cooperation with dolphins, have been passed down for generations. This rich marine ecosystem provides a stunning counterpoint to the desert landscapes and showcases the country’s surprising ecological diversity.
Traveling to Mauritania requires a spirit of adventure, patience, and an open mind. It is not a destination for the faint of heart; infrastructure is limited, and the challenges of desert travel are real. However, for those willing to embrace these challenges, the rewards are immeasurable. It is the opportunity to experience the overwhelming silence of the Sahara under a canopy of brilliant stars, to share a glass of sweet tea with a welcoming nomad family, to ride the world’s longest train, and to touch the pages of a thousand-year-old manuscript. Mauritania offers a raw, unfiltered, and deeply authentic travel experience that is increasingly rare in our modern world, leaving an indelible mark on all who venture into its vast and timeless landscapes.
Back to Top2) Best Time to Visit and Why
Deciding on the best time to visit Mauritania is crucial for a safe and comfortable journey, as the country’s climate is dominated by the extreme conditions of the Sahara Desert. The consensus among seasoned travelers and local guides is that the optimal window for visiting is during the cooler, drier winter months, which run from November to early March. During this period, the weather is far more manageable and pleasant for the type of rugged, overland travel that a trip to Mauritania necessitates. The daytime temperatures are generally warm and sunny without being oppressively hot, and the nights are cool and clear, perfect for stargazing in the desert. This season provides the most favorable conditions for exploring the ancient desert cities, navigating the sand dunes, and enjoying the coastal regions without the extreme physical stress imposed by the intense summer heat.
From November to March, daytime temperatures in the Adrar and Tagant plateaus, where key attractions like Chinguetti and Terjit are located, typically hover between a comfortable 20°C and 30°C (68°F to 86°F). This makes activities like trekking, camel riding, and exploring the historic ksour (fortified villages) a genuinely enjoyable experience. The nights can get surprisingly cold, sometimes dropping close to freezing in the heart of the desert, so packing warm layers is essential. This period also falls outside the main rainy season, meaning the risk of flash floods is minimal and the unpaved tracks that connect many remote destinations are more likely to be passable. The clear, dust-free skies of winter also offer the best visibility for photography, capturing the stark beauty of the dunes and rock formations in sharp relief.
Conversely, traveling to Mauritania during the summer months, from May to September, is strongly discouraged for most tourists. This is the peak of the hot season, when daytime temperatures regularly soar to well over 45°C (113°F) and can even exceed 50°C (122°F) in the deep interior. Such extreme heat is not only uncomfortable but can be genuinely dangerous, posing a significant risk of heatstroke and dehydration, especially during the long desert journeys. This period also coincides with the “hot rainy season” in the south of the country, which, while not bringing much rain, can increase humidity and the prevalence of insects. The intense heat limits outdoor activity to the very early morning and late evening, severely restricting sightseeing opportunities and making for a physically draining experience.
The shoulder months of April and October can be considered, but they represent a transition towards more extreme conditions. In April, the temperatures are already climbing steeply, and the risk of sandstorms increases as the seasonal winds shift. October marks the end of the hot season, and while temperatures begin to moderate, they can still be uncomfortably high for many visitors. Therefore, for a trip that balances comfort, safety, and the ability to fully engage with all that Mauritania has to offer, planning your adventure for the winter window between November and March is the most sensible and rewarding choice. This will ensure your focus remains on the incredible landscapes and culture, rather than a constant battle against the elements.
Back to Top3) Top Destinations and Best Hotel
Mauritania, a land of vast deserts and ancient histories, offers a handful of truly unforgettable destinations that are the cornerstones of any adventurous itinerary. These key locations provide a profound insight into the country’s unique Saharan culture, its crucial role in trans-Saharan trade, and its stunning natural beauty. Travel between these destinations often requires long journeys by 4×4 vehicles and the expertise of a local guide, making the arrival at each place feel like a genuine achievement. The experience is not one of luxury but of authenticity, offering a rare glimpse into a world that has remained remarkably unchanged for centuries. Focusing on these top destinations ensures a journey that is both challenging and deeply rewarding, leaving visitors with a powerful sense of the Sahara’s enduring allure.
The journey for most visitors begins and ends in the capital, Nouakchott. While not a city of grand historical monuments, it is the vibrant, sprawling heart of modern Mauritania and an essential logistical hub. It offers a fascinating introduction to the country’s diverse cultures, where Moorish and Sub-Saharan African influences visibly merge. Key experiences include visiting the bustling Port de Pêche (fishing port) in the late afternoon to witness the spectacular sight of hundreds of colorful pirogues returning with their catch, a chaotic and photogenic scene of intense activity. The city’s markets, particularly the Marché Capitale, are a sensory overload where you can browse for local handicrafts and observe daily life. For accommodation, Nouakchott offers the most options. The Azalaï Hotel Marhaba is one of the city’s top-end choices, offering reliable comfort and security. A popular and well-regarded mid-range option is the Semiramis City Center, known for its friendly staff and convenient location.
The true heart of tourist Mauritania lies in the Adrar Region, and its gateway town is Atar. From here, adventurers launch their expeditions to the ancient desert cities. The most famous of these is Chinguetti, a UNESCO World Heritage site and the seventh holiest city of Islam. Once a thriving medieval center of scholarship, it is now a hauntingly beautiful town battling the encroachment of the Sahara. Visitors can explore its ancient stone mosque and visit one of the surviving family-run libraries that house thousands of priceless Islamic manuscripts. The experience of watching the sunset over the vast sea of dunes that surround Chinguetti is profoundly moving. Accommodation in Chinguetti is in traditional guesthouses (*auberges*). Auberge Eden and La Gueïla are popular choices, offering basic but atmospheric lodging and a chance to experience true desert hospitality.
From Chinguetti, many tours continue to Ouadane, another ancient caravan city on a rocky escarpment, and the lush oasis of Terjit. Terjit is a true desert paradise, a verdant canyon with crystal-clear springs and dense groves of date palms, offering a welcome respite from the arid surroundings. A dip in its cool waters is a sublime experience after days of desert travel. For nature enthusiasts, the Banc d’Arguin National Park on the Atlantic coast is an unmissable highlight. This UNESCO site is one of the world’s most critical habitats for migratory birds. The raw, windswept beauty of the landscape, where golden dunes meet the blue ocean, is breathtaking. Visitors can hire local Imraguen fishermen to take them out in their traditional boats to witness the incredible birdlife. Accommodation here is limited to basic tented camps, emphasizing a deep immersion in nature.
Back to Top4) Language & Culture
The culture of Mauritania is a complex and fascinating tapestry woven from Arab-Berber and Sub-Saharan African threads, shaped by the vast expanse of the Sahara Desert and the unifying force of Islam. The official language of the country is Arabic, but the spoken vernacular is Hassaniya Arabic, a dialect that reflects the nation’s historical connections to the Beni Hassan Arab tribes. French, a remnant of the colonial period, continues to play a crucial role as a lingua franca, widely used in government, business, and education, and it is the most useful language for travelers to have a basic grasp of. In the south of the country, several African languages, including Pulaar, Soninke, and Wolof, are also spoken, highlighting the nation’s position as a cultural crossroads between the Maghreb and West Africa. This linguistic diversity is a key to understanding the country’s multifaceted identity.
Mauritanian society is traditionally hierarchical and deeply rooted in its ethnic and tribal structures. The dominant cultural group is the Moors (or Bidhân, meaning “white”), of Arab-Berber descent, who historically formed the nomadic warrior and clerical classes. The Haratin (“black Moors”), who are of Sub-Saharan origin but share the Hassaniya language and culture, form another significant group. In the south, along the Senegal River valley, various Sub-Saharan African ethnic groups have their own distinct traditions, languages, and social structures. While these groups have their own unique customs, a shared adherence to a conservative and moderate form of Sunni Islam serves as a powerful unifying element across the entire country, influencing laws, social norms, and the daily rhythm of life. Understanding these social dynamics is crucial for any visitor seeking to engage with the culture respectfully.
Hospitality is a cornerstone of Mauritanian and Saharan culture, and visitors are often treated with immense generosity and curiosity. The most important social ritual, and one that every traveler will experience, is the tea ceremony. Preparing and sharing tea is a slow, methodical, and highly symbolic process. It involves brewing green tea with sugar and mint and pouring it from a height to create a froth, known as the “head.” Three small glasses are typically served in succession: the first is strong and bitter like life, the second is sweeter like love, and the third is gentle like death. Accepting and participating in this ceremony is a fundamental sign of respect and friendship. It is an art form and a social institution, providing a space for conversation, relaxation, and the forging of social bonds. Rushing the tea ceremony is considered extremely rude.
Music and poetry also hold a cherished place in Mauritanian culture. Traditional Moorish music, played on instruments like the *tidinit* (a lute) and the *ardin* (a harp), is a complex and highly sophisticated art form, often performed by a specialized class of artisans known as *iggawen*. Poetry, both classical Arabic and local Hassaniya, is revered, and the ability to recite or compose poetry has long been a mark of education and refinement. Traditional crafts, such as intricate silver jewelry, leatherwork, and the weaving of colorful textiles, are also vital expressions of cultural identity. A visit to Mauritania offers a profound opportunity to immerse oneself in a culture that is deeply traditional, highly resilient, and inextricably linked to the timeless landscapes of the desert.
Back to Top5) Festivals & Events
Mauritania’s calendar of festivals and events is a reflection of its deeply rooted Islamic faith and its traditional, semi-nomadic desert culture. Unlike many other countries, it does not have a packed schedule of large-scale, international arts or music festivals. Instead, its most significant celebrations are tied to the major Islamic holidays and to seasonal events that have governed the rhythm of life in the Sahara for centuries. For a traveler, experiencing one of these events offers a rare and authentic glimpse into the core of Mauritanian society, far from any commercialized tourist spectacle. These are moments when communities come together, traditions are reinforced, and the nation’s cultural identity is expressed with sincerity and devotion. While they may require some specific planning to witness, the experience is profoundly rewarding.
The most important events of the year are the major Islamic holidays, which are observed with great piety throughout the country. The dates of these festivals are determined by the lunar calendar and thus shift each year. The most significant is Eid al-Fitr, the “Festival of Breaking the Fast,” which marks the end of the holy month of Ramadan. It is a joyous, three-day celebration where families gather for feasts, wear new clothes, give gifts, and visit relatives. Another major holiday is Eid al-Adha, the “Festival of the Sacrifice,” which commemorates the willingness of the Prophet Ibrahim (Abraham) to sacrifice his son. It is a time of prayer, charity, and communal meals, where families who can afford it sacrifice a sheep or goat and share the meat with family, friends, and the poor. Witnessing the communal prayers and festive atmosphere of these Eids provides a powerful insight into the importance of faith in Mauritanian life.
Beyond the religious calendar, the most significant cultural event is the Guetna, or date harvest festival. This takes place annually in the great oasis towns of the Adrar region, such as Atar and Terjit, typically around July or August. During this time, nomadic families who have spent the year wandering the desert with their herds converge on the oases to harvest the ripe dates from their palm groves. The Guetna is more than just an agricultural event; it is a traditional time for socializing, arranging marriages, and strengthening community bonds. It is a period of relative abundance and celebration after the long, lean months. For a traveler lucky enough to be in an oasis town during the Guetna, it offers a fascinating spectacle of traditional life, though the intense summer heat during this period makes it a challenging time to visit.
In recent years, there have been efforts to establish more structured cultural festivals aimed at preserving heritage and promoting tourism, though these can be sporadic. The “Festival of Ancient Cities” has been held intermittently in one of the historic UNESCO sites like Chinguetti or Ouadane, featuring traditional music, poetry recitals, camel races, and craft exhibitions. However, these events are not always held annually and require careful research to confirm dates and locations. The most reliable “events” for a traveler to experience are the weekly markets that take place in towns and larger villages. These markets are the vibrant, bustling heart of local commerce and social life, offering a consistent and authentic spectacle of Mauritanian culture in action, where desert nomads come to trade and socialize with settled communities.
Back to Top6) Local Cuisine
The local cuisine of Mauritania is a direct reflection of its geography and its cultural heritage, shaped by the arid landscapes of the Sahara and the nomadic traditions of its people. It is a hearty, rustic, and functional cuisine, designed to provide sustenance and comfort in a harsh environment. The diet is traditionally centered around a few key staples: meat (primarily from sheep, goats, and camels), grains like couscous, rice, and millet, and dairy products, especially milk from camels and goats. Along the Atlantic coast, fish plays a more prominent role. Spices are used sparingly, with an emphasis on preserving the natural flavor of the main ingredients. For the adventurous traveler, exploring Mauritanian cuisine is an integral part of the cultural experience, often enjoyed in communal settings that emphasize sharing and hospitality.
The quintessential Mauritanian meal is often a large communal platter of food meant to be shared by several people. One of the most common and beloved dishes is a variation of Tagine, a slow-cooked stew. In Mauritania, this is typically made with lamb or goat meat, cooked with potatoes, carrots, and onions, and served with bread or rice. Another popular dish, especially for celebrations, is Méchoui, a whole lamb or sheep roasted on a spit or in a sand pit until the meat is incredibly tender and falls off the bone. A staple grain that forms the base of many meals is couscous, which is often served with a simple meat and vegetable stew spooned over the top. Along the coast, Thieboudienne, a flavorful dish of fish, rice, and tomato sauce with root vegetables (originally from Senegal), is very popular.
Given the nomadic heritage, dairy products are a crucial part of the diet. Camel’s milk, known as *zrig*, is highly prized for its nutritional value and is a staple beverage, often consumed fresh or slightly fermented, which gives it a sour, yogurt-like taste. Goat’s milk is also common. Butter and simple cheeses are produced, though they are less common than fresh milk. Dates, harvested from the great oases of the Adrar region, are another vital source of energy and sweetness in the desert. They are eaten on their own as a high-energy snack or used in various dishes. The simple act of being offered dates and a glass of milk is a traditional sign of welcome and hospitality in many parts of the country.
No discussion of Mauritanian cuisine is complete without mentioning the central role of tea. The ritual of preparing and drinking sweet, mint-infused green tea is the very heart of social life. It is consumed throughout the day, after every meal, and upon welcoming any guest. The process is slow and deliberate, involving multiple pourings to create a perfect froth. The tea is incredibly sweet and strong, served in tiny glasses. Beyond tea, water is the primary beverage, and it is crucial for visitors to drink plenty of it. While the cuisine may seem simple to an outside palate, it is perfectly adapted to its environment and deeply intertwined with the nation’s culture of sharing, community, and survival in the great Sahara.
Back to Top7) Transportation
Transportation in Mauritania is an adventure in itself and a fundamental part of the travel experience. The country is vast, the infrastructure is limited, and the terrain is challenging, making getting around a test of patience, flexibility, and resilience. There are no extensive networks of paved highways, no comprehensive public bus systems, and no passenger railways in the conventional sense. Instead, travel relies on rugged vehicles, experienced local drivers, and a tolerance for long, often uncomfortable journeys. For the adventurous traveler, navigating Mauritania’s transport system is not just a means to an end but a core part of the journey, offering profound insights into the scale of the landscape and the realities of life in the Sahara. Successful travel here depends almost entirely on hiring a reliable local guide with a suitable vehicle.
The undisputed king of Mauritanian transport is the four-wheel-drive (4×4) vehicle, typically a Toyota Land Cruiser or similar model. For any serious travel into the desert interior to visit the ancient cities of Chinguetti and Ouadane or the oases, a 4×4 is not just recommended; it is absolutely essential. The “roads” are often just unmarked sandy tracks or rocky pistes that require considerable skill and local knowledge to navigate. It is standard practice for tourists to hire a vehicle along with a driver and often a guide. This is the safest and most efficient way to travel, as these local experts know the routes, the road conditions, and how to handle the inevitable mechanical issues or situations where the vehicle gets stuck in the sand. This package approach to travel provides security and logistical support in a very challenging environment.
For travel between major towns along the country’s few paved roads (like the main route from Nouakchott to Atar), locals rely on “sept-place” (seven-seater) bush taxis, which are usually older Peugeot station wagons. These vehicles operate on a share basis, leaving only when they are completely full. Journeys can be long, cramped, and uncomfortable, but they are a very cheap and authentic way to travel and interact with local people. For the truly adventurous, Mauritania offers one of the world’s most epic train journeys. The Iron Ore Train runs from the mining town of Zouérat to the port of Nouadhibou, pulling some of the longest and heaviest wagons on earth. While there is a single, rudimentary passenger carriage, the real experience is to ride for free atop the iron ore in one of the open-topped wagons, a dusty, cold, and utterly unforgettable 16-hour journey under the Saharan stars.
Domestic flights do exist but are limited and can be unreliable. Mauritania Airlines operates flights connecting the capital, Nouakchott, with a few key towns, including Zouérat and Nouadhibou. However, schedules can change at short notice, and they do not serve the main tourist destinations in the Adrar region like Atar. Therefore, flying is generally not a practical option for most tourist itineraries. In essence, any traveler planning a trip to Mauritania should budget for and prioritize the hiring of a reputable tour operator with a robust 4×4 vehicle and an experienced driver. This is the key that unlocks the country’s remote and spectacular destinations and ensures a journey that is as safe as it is adventurous.
Back to Top8) Weather & Climate
The weather and climate of Mauritania are overwhelmingly dominated by the Sahara Desert, which covers the vast majority of its territory. The climate is characterized as hot and arid, with extreme temperature variations, very low rainfall, and abundant sunshine year-round. Understanding the nature of this climate is absolutely critical for planning a safe and manageable trip. The intensity of the sun and the heat, particularly during the summer months, can be dangerous and will dictate the pace and feasibility of any travel itinerary. The country generally has two main seasons: a short, often humid, and hot rainy season, and a long, dry season which is further divided into a cooler period and an intensely hot period. Adapting to this climate is not just a matter of comfort but of survival.
The long dry season can be broken into two distinct parts. The cooler dry season, from approximately November to March, is the most favorable time for travel. During these months, daytime temperatures are generally warm to hot but bearable, typically ranging from 20°C to 30°C (68°F to 86°F) in most of the country. However, there is a significant diurnal temperature range, and nights in the desert interior can become very cold, often dropping to near freezing. This period is also characterized by the Harmattan, a dry and often dusty trade wind that blows from the northeast. While it can sometimes reduce visibility, it also helps to keep temperatures from becoming excessively high. This is the peak tourist season for good reason, as it offers the most pleasant conditions for exploration.
The hot dry season, from April to June, sees a dramatic and relentless increase in temperatures. This period is characterized by extreme heat across the entire country. Daytime temperatures in the interior regularly soar above 45°C (113°F) and can even approach 50°C (122°F). The sun is punishingly intense, and any outdoor activity becomes extremely difficult and hazardous, except in the very early morning. Sandstorms are also more frequent during this time. Even along the coast, which is typically moderated by the Atlantic Ocean, temperatures become uncomfortably hot. Travel during this period is not recommended for tourists, as the extreme conditions pose significant health risks and severely limit what can be safely accomplished in a day.
The hot and rainy season occurs from July to October, primarily affecting the southern Sahelian belt of the country along the Senegal River. While the term “rainy season” can be misleading—rainfall is still very sparse and erratic in most areas—this period brings increased humidity, which can make the high temperatures feel even more oppressive. The north of the country remains mostly dry but intensely hot. This season can also bring the risk of flash floods in wadis and low-lying areas, potentially washing out the unpaved tracks that serve as roads. For these reasons, like the hot dry season, this period is generally considered an unfavorable time for tourism. The cool, dry winter months remain the only sensible and enjoyable window for exploring the wonders of Mauritania.
| Average Monthly Temperatures in Nouakchott, Mauritania (°C / °F) | |
|---|---|
| Season | Average Temperature Range |
| Cool Season (Dec – Feb) | 14°C – 29°C (57°F – 84°F) |
| Hot Season (Mar – Jun) | 19°C – 34°C (66°F – 93°F) |
| Hot, Humid Season (Jul – Oct) | 24°C – 35°C (75°F – 95°F) |
| Transition Season (Nov) | 18°C – 32°C (64°F – 90°F) |
9) Airports, International and Domestic Flight
Mauritania’s aviation infrastructure is modest, reflecting the country’s level of development and the challenging nature of its geography. The primary gateway for all international visitors is Nouakchott–Oumtounsy International Airport (NKC), which serves the capital city. This relatively new airport, opened in 2016 to replace an older facility, is the hub of the country’s air travel network and handles the vast majority of scheduled international flights. While the network of destinations is not extensive, the airport provides crucial air links to key hubs in North Africa, West Africa, and Europe, making the country accessible for determined travelers. The facilities are modern and functional, providing a secure and organized entry point into the nation. Any air travel to Mauritania will almost certainly begin and end here.
International air services to Nouakchott (NKC) are provided by a limited number of carriers. Air France offers one of the most reliable and long-standing connections with a regular service from Paris-Charles de Gaulle, which is a key route for European travelers. Other significant carriers include Turkish Airlines, providing a link to Istanbul, which serves as a major global hub for connecting flights from Asia and the Americas. Regional connectivity is provided by airlines such as Royal Air Maroc (linking to Casablanca), Tunisair (linking to Tunis), and Air Algérie (linking to Algiers). There are also important connections to Sub-Saharan West Africa, with flights to Dakar, Senegal, and other regional capitals. Prospective travelers should be aware that flight schedules can sometimes be infrequent or subject to change, so booking well in advance and reconfirming flights is a prudent strategy.
Beyond the main international airport in Nouakchott, Mauritania has a few other airports and airstrips, but scheduled services are very limited. The most notable of these is Atar International Airport (ATR), which serves the gateway town to the Adrar tourist region. In the past, this airport received seasonal charter flights directly from France during the peak winter tourist season (November to March). These flights were a popular way for package tour groups to directly access the desert’s main attractions. However, these services are highly dependent on the security situation and tourism demand, and they are not always operational every year. It is essential for travelers to check the current status of these charter flights, as they are not part of the regular scheduled network.
Domestic air travel within Mauritania is extremely limited and generally not a practical option for tourist itineraries. The national carrier, Mauritania Airlines, operates a sparse network of domestic flights from Nouakchott to a couple of key economic centers, such as the port city of Nouadhibou and the mining town of Zouérat. These flights are primarily used by business travelers and locals rather than tourists. The schedules are infrequent, and they do not serve the main historical and cultural sites in the Adrar or Tagant regions. Therefore, virtually all tourist travel within the country is conducted overland by 4×4 vehicles. While flying might seem like a way to bypass the long and arduous desert journeys, the current lack of a comprehensive domestic network means that ground travel remains an essential and unavoidable part of the Mauritanian adventure.
Back to Top10) Back Up Plan and Flight Route
Given the limited number of international flights into Mauritania and the potential for schedules to change, having a solid backup plan is not just a good idea—it’s an essential part of responsible trip planning. A flight cancellation or a missed connection could otherwise jeopardize an entire itinerary. Fortunately, Mauritania’s position in West Africa means that there are viable and well-trodden alternative routes, primarily involving overland travel from neighboring countries. These backup plans often rely on flying into a more connected regional hub and then completing the journey by road. This approach requires extra time and a spirit of adventure but can provide a reliable contingency and an opportunity to see more of the region. Knowing these options in advance can turn a potential travel crisis into a manageable logistical challenge.
The most common and reliable backup route into Mauritania is via Dakar, the capital of Senegal. Blaise Diagne International Airport (DSS) in Dakar is a major West African aviation hub with numerous daily flights from Europe, North America, and other African nations. From Dakar, one can travel overland to the Mauritanian border. There are two main crossing points: Rosso and Diama. The Rosso crossing is known for being chaotic and notorious for its requests for bribes and unofficial “fees.” For this reason, most seasoned travelers and tour operators strongly prefer the Diama crossing. The route to Diama passes through the Djoudj National Bird Sanctuary and involves a dam crossing. It is a more tranquil and straightforward, albeit longer, route. From either crossing, it is a further journey by road to Nouakchott.
Another overland backup option, though more challenging, is to enter from Morocco and the contested territory of Western Sahara. This involves flying into Dakhla (VIL) in Western Sahara and then undertaking a very long desert drive south to the border. The border crossing is in a remote “no man’s land” and should only be attempted with a robust 4×4 vehicle and considerable preparation. This route is typically used by experienced overlanders with their own vehicles rather than by standard tourists. It requires navigating a complex political situation and a very harsh environment. While it is a possible entry point, it is significantly more arduous and less predictable than entering from Senegal and should be researched thoroughly before being considered as a viable backup plan.
A final, though less common, option is to enter from Mali. However, due to severe and ongoing security issues, including terrorism and banditry, in the Mali-Mauritania border region, this route is strongly discouraged by virtually all government travel advisories. It is not considered a safe or viable backup plan for tourists at the present time. Therefore, for almost all contingency planning, flying into Dakar and arranging for an overland transfer via the Diama border crossing remains the most practical and secure alternative to a direct flight to Nouakchott. This route allows travelers to leverage the superior flight connectivity of Dakar while still reaching the unique destinations that Mauritania has to offer.
| Backup Plan and Route Options | |
|---|---|
| Alternative Airport / Hub | Onward Travel to Mauritania |
| Dakar, Senegal (DSS) | The most reliable backup. Overland travel by road to the border. Use the Diama crossing (preferred) or the Rosso crossing. Requires a visa for Senegal for some nationalities. |
| Dakhla, Western Sahara (VIL) | For experienced overlanders. Very long drive south by 4×4 through a remote desert region to the northern border crossing. Logistically complex. |
| Casablanca, Morocco (CMN) | Fly to Casablanca, then take a connecting flight with Royal Air Maroc to Nouakchott or Nouadhibou. Serves as an alternative flight hub. |
| Bamako, Mali (BKO) | Not Recommended. The land border is located in a high-risk security zone with active threats of terrorism and kidnapping. Avoid this route. |
11) Safety & Health
A discussion of travel to Mauritania must begin with a serious and realistic assessment of the safety and health considerations. It is a destination that carries significant risks, and prospective visitors must consult their home country’s government travel advisories before planning or booking any trip. Many Western governments, including those of the US, UK, France, and Canada, maintain long-standing warnings against travel to large parts of the country, particularly the remote desert regions bordering Mali and Algeria, due to the high threat of terrorism and kidnapping. While the main tourist axis (Nouakchott-Atar-Chinguetti) and the coastal areas are generally considered safer, the overall security situation is volatile and requires constant vigilance. Traveling with a reputable, experienced local guide and tour operator is not just a recommendation; it is an essential security measure.
Beyond the threat of terrorism, general crime is also a concern, especially in the capital, Nouakchott. Petty crime, such as pickpocketing and bag snatching, can occur in crowded markets and public spaces. More serious crimes, including muggings and carjackings, have also been reported, particularly after dark. It is crucial to maintain a low profile, avoid displaying wealth such as expensive cameras or jewelry, and avoid walking alone at night. Always keep vehicle doors locked and windows up when driving. When traveling overland, it is advisable to travel in a convoy of at least two vehicles if possible and to register your travel plans with your country’s embassy in Nouakchott. Adherence to these security protocols can significantly mitigate the risks involved.
Health precautions are another critical aspect of planning a trip to Mauritania. The country has a high prevalence of several tropical and infectious diseases. Proof of a yellow fever vaccination is often required for entry, so it is essential to have a valid International Certificate of Vaccination. Malaria is a significant risk, especially in the southern parts of the country and during the rainy season, and all visitors should take appropriate antimalarial prophylaxis as prescribed by a doctor. Other mosquito-borne illnesses like dengue fever are also a concern. Using insect repellent containing DEET, sleeping under mosquito nets, and wearing long-sleeved clothing are vital preventative measures. It is also highly recommended to be up-to-date on routine vaccinations such as typhoid, hepatitis A, and tetanus.
Access to quality healthcare in Mauritania is extremely limited. Medical facilities, even in the capital, do not meet Western standards, and specialized care is virtually non-existent. For any serious illness or injury, medical evacuation to Europe or a nearby country with better facilities (like Senegal or the Canary Islands) would be necessary. This makes it absolutely imperative for every visitor to have comprehensive travel and health insurance that specifically includes coverage for emergency medical evacuation, which can be prohibitively expensive. Additionally, tap water is not safe to drink, and visitors should only consume bottled, boiled, or properly purified water. By taking these safety and health risks seriously and preparing accordingly, travelers can undertake a journey to Mauritania with a greater degree of confidence.
Back to Top12) Currency, Commodities & Costs
The official currency of Mauritania is the Ouguiya (pronounced ‘oo-gee-yah’), with the currency code MRU. It is important to note that the currency was redenominated in 2018 at a rate of 10 to 1, so some older notes may still be in circulation, which can be confusing. The Ouguiya is a non-convertible currency, meaning it cannot be legally purchased or exchanged outside of Mauritania. Therefore, travelers must bring foreign currency—primarily Euros or US Dollars in clean, new bills—to exchange upon arrival. Euros are generally preferred and often yield a better exchange rate. Understanding the currency situation is the first step to managing your budget in a country where cash is king and modern banking facilities are scarce.
Mauritania is a cash-based society. Credit cards are almost completely useless outside of a few top-end hotels in Nouakchott. You should not expect to be able to use a credit card for any day-to-day purchases, in restaurants, or for paying local guides. ATMs are also extremely rare, and even the few that exist in the capital are notoriously unreliable and may not accept foreign cards. Therefore, it is essential to bring enough hard currency in cash for the entire duration of your trip. Exchanging money should only be done at official banks or licensed exchange bureaus in Nouakchott upon arrival. Exchanging money on the black market, while sometimes offering a slightly better rate, is illegal and carries the risk of scams and counterfeit notes.
In terms of costs, Mauritania can be a surprisingly expensive destination for tourists, primarily due to the logistical challenges of travel. The single largest expense for any trip will be the cost of hiring a 4×4 vehicle with a driver and/or guide, which is essential for any travel outside the capital. This can cost anywhere from 100 to 200 Euros per day, depending on the vehicle, the itinerary, and your negotiating skills. This cost typically includes the driver’s expenses and fuel, but you should always clarify this beforehand. Accommodation in the desert is in basic auberges (guesthouses), which are relatively inexpensive, but hotel prices in Nouakchott can be moderately high for the standard offered.
Day-to-day costs for food and drinks, on the other hand, are quite low. A simple meal of rice and fish at a local restaurant might cost only a few Euros. Bottled water and soft drinks are also affordable and widely available. However, since most tourists travel on a pre-arranged, all-inclusive tour basis, many of these costs are bundled into the overall package price. When purchasing handicrafts or other souvenirs at markets, bargaining is expected and is a part of the culture. A budget-conscious traveler who has pre-paid for their transport and guide might only need an additional 20-30 Euros per day for meals, drinks, and small personal expenses. However, it is crucial to carry a significant emergency cash fund in a safe place in case of any unforeseen circumstances.
| Currency, Commodities & Costs (in MRU) | |
|---|---|
| Item | Average Cost |
| Simple meal at a local restaurant | 150 – 300 MRU |
| Bottle of water (1.5L) | 20 – 30 MRU |
| Glass of tea at a caf̩ | 10 Р20 MRU |
| Short taxi ride in Nouakchott | 100 – 200 MRU |
| 4×4 Vehicle with Driver (Per Day, paid in EUR) | ~ 4,000 – 8,000 MRU (€100-200) |
13) Housing Rental Cost
The housing rental market in Mauritania is primarily centered in the capital city, Nouakchott, and to a lesser extent, in the economic hub of Nouadhibou. For expatriates, aid workers, and diplomats who make up the majority of the long-term foreign community, finding suitable and secure housing is a top priority. The rental market is quite different from what one might expect in a Western country, with a wide range of quality and prices, and a system that often relies on personal connections and negotiation. The concept of large-scale condominium buildings or managed apartment complexes is not well-developed. Instead, the market consists mainly of renting villas (detached houses) or apartments within smaller, privately owned buildings. The quality can vary dramatically, from very basic to relatively luxurious by local standards.
In Nouakchott, rental prices are heavily dependent on the neighborhood. The most desirable and secure areas for expatriates are districts like Tevragh-Zeina and Las Palmas, where many embassies, international organizations, and upscale businesses are located. In these neighborhoods, a modern and secure three-bedroom apartment or a small villa can range from approximately 300,000 to 600,000 MRU per month (roughly 750 to 1,500 EUR). Larger, more luxurious villas with amenities like a garden, a generator for electricity backup, and private security can command significantly higher prices, often exceeding 1,000,000 MRU (2,500 EUR) per month. These properties are the most sought-after and are often rented through specialized real estate agents who cater to the international community.
Outside of these prime districts, rental prices in other parts of Nouakchott are considerably lower. In more middle-class neighborhoods, a simple but functional apartment can be found for a fraction of the price, though the standard of construction, security, and reliability of utilities like water and electricity may be lower. For those on a tighter budget, these areas offer a more local living experience but require a greater degree of cultural adaptation and self-sufficiency. It is common practice for landlords to ask for several months’ rent in advance, sometimes as much as six months to a year, in addition to a security deposit. Rental agreements can be informal, so it is highly advisable to have a formal contract drafted, preferably with the help of a local lawyer or a trusted contact.
Finding housing can be a challenge. While some real estate agents exist, much of the market operates through word-of-mouth. The best way to find a property is often through the existing expatriate network, community notice boards at embassies or international clubs, or by hiring a reliable local “fixer” who can make inquiries on your behalf. It is crucial to thoroughly inspect any potential property, paying close attention to the state of the plumbing, the electrical system, water pressure, and security features like gates and window grilles. The cost of utilities is typically not included in the rent, and expatriates often need to budget for additional costs like a private security guard, a generator, and a water tank to ensure a comfortable and secure living situation.
| Average Monthly Rental Cost in Nouakchott (in MRU) | |
|---|---|
| Property Type and Location | Average Cost Range |
| 2-Bedroom Apartment (Standard Area) | 100,000 – 200,000 MRU |
| 3-Bedroom Apartment (Expat Area like Tevragh-Zeina) | 300,000 – 600,000 MRU |
| Villa / House (Standard Area) | 250,000 – 450,000 MRU |
| Large Villa with Garden (Prime Expat Area) | 700,000 – 1,500,000+ MRU |
14) Cost of Living
The cost of living in Mauritania presents a paradox. For the local population, it is a country with very low average incomes and significant poverty. However, for an expatriate or long-term foreign resident aiming to maintain a lifestyle with Western-style comforts and security, Mauritania can be surprisingly expensive. The cost of living is not driven by high prices for local goods and services, which are generally very cheap, but by the high cost of imported goods, secure housing, private transportation, and international-standard education and healthcare. This creates a dual economy where the expenses for a foreigner can quickly accumulate, often exceeding those in other, more developed African nations. A clear understanding of these specific costs is essential for anyone planning a long-term stay.
Daily expenses for locally produced goods are very low. Shopping for fresh produce, meat, and grains at a local market is highly affordable. However, any imported food items, which make up a large portion of an expatriate’s shopping basket, are sold at a significant premium in a few specialized supermarkets in Nouakchott. Items like cheese, breakfast cereal, coffee, and specific toiletries can be two to three times more expensive than in Europe. Similarly, eating at a basic local restaurant is very cheap, but dining at one of the few establishments that cater to an international clientele will come with a much higher price tag. This reliance on expensive imported goods is a major driver of the high cost of living for foreigners.
Housing and transportation are two of the largest and most unavoidable expenses. As detailed previously, renting a secure and comfortable house or apartment in a neighborhood favored by expatriates is a significant monthly cost. Furthermore, owning and running a private vehicle, which is almost a necessity for mobility and safety in Nouakchott, is also very expensive. The cost of purchasing a reliable 4×4 vehicle, plus expenses for fuel, insurance, and the frequent maintenance required due to the harsh conditions, adds a substantial amount to the monthly budget. While local taxis are cheap, they are often in poor condition and may not be suitable for all situations.
For expatriate families, the cost of education is a critical and very high expense. There are only a few private schools in Nouakchott that offer an international curriculum, such as the American International School of Nouakchott or the French Lycée Théodore Monod. Tuition fees at these institutions are very high, often comparable to private school fees in Europe or North America, and can easily become the single largest item in a family’s budget. Similarly, access to international-standard healthcare requires private clinics and comprehensive health insurance with medical evacuation coverage, which is another significant and non-negotiable cost. These “soft infrastructure” costs are what elevate the cost of living for foreigners far above what local prices might suggest.
| Cost of Living Examples for Expatriates (in MRU) | |
|---|---|
| Item/Service | Average Monthly/Annual Cost |
| Monthly Groceries (mix of local & imported) | 15,000 – 30,000 MRU |
| Monthly Membership at a Basic Gym | 8,000 – 15,000 MRU |
| Dinner for Two at an “Expat” Restaurant | 1,500 – 3,000 MRU |
| International School Annual Tuition (per child) | 300,000 – 600,000+ MRU |
| Hiring a Full-Time Security Guard (Monthly) | 30,000 – 50,000 MRU |
15) Shopping & Souvenirs
Shopping in Mauritania offers a unique and authentic experience, far removed from the world of modern malls and high-street brands. The retail landscape is dominated by bustling local markets, known as *marchés*, and small, specialized artisan workshops. It is a treasure hunt for those who appreciate traditional craftsmanship and unique, handmade items that tell a story of the desert and its people. The experience is as much about the interaction—the friendly haggling, the cups of tea offered, and the conversations—as it is about the purchase itself. The best places to shop for souvenirs are the artisan markets in Nouakchott, the historic desert towns of the Adrar region, and the small workshops you may encounter on your travels. Here, you can find a range of beautiful items that serve as a tangible link to Mauritania’s rich cultural heritage.
One of the most popular and beautiful souvenirs to bring home is the traditional Mauritanian handicraft. Look for intricately decorated leather goods, such as camel saddles, bags, wallets, and cushions, often adorned with colorful geometric patterns. Silver jewelry is another specialty, particularly the chunky necklaces, bracelets, and earrings favored by Moorish women. The “Chinguetti cross” and other silver pendants are common motifs. Woodworking is also a traditional craft, with beautifully carved chests, bowls, and Quranic boards. When buying these items, especially silver, it’s important to have a good eye and to negotiate the price, as quality can vary. Buying directly from the artisan when possible ensures a fair price and supports the local craftspeople directly.
Textiles are another highlight of Mauritanian craftsmanship. The most iconic textile is the * malahfa*, the long, brightly colored piece of fabric that Mauritanian women traditionally wrap around their body and head. These come in a dazzling array of colors and patterns, from vibrant tie-dyes to more subtle designs, and make for a beautiful and versatile souvenir that can be used as a sarong, a scarf, or a decorative throw. You can also find hand-woven rugs and blankets made from camel or goat hair, which are durable and feature traditional Berber designs. These textiles are not just beautiful objects but are central to the cultural identity and daily life of the Mauritanian people.
For a more unusual and distinctly Saharan souvenir, consider purchasing a *tekhmam*, a small, ornate silver or leather box used for storing tea or sugar. Another unique item is a vial of local perfume or incense, known as *bakhour*, which is made from fragrant wood chips and resins and is used to perfume homes and clothing. You can also find bags of high-quality gum arabic, a major export of the country. When shopping, remember that bargaining is an expected and integral part of the process. It should be done with a smile and a sense of good humor. Start by offering about half of the asking price and work your way to a mutually agreeable figure. This friendly negotiation is part of the cultural exchange that makes shopping in Mauritania such a memorable experience.
Back to Top16) Nightlife & Entertainment
The concepts of nightlife and public entertainment in Mauritania are vastly different from what one might expect in a Western or even a neighboring West African country. As a deeply conservative Islamic republic, Mauritanian society does not have a culture of bars, nightclubs, or public drinking. The sale and consumption of alcohol are officially illegal for Muslim citizens and are heavily restricted for foreign non-Muslims. Consequently, travelers seeking a vibrant, alcohol-fueled nightlife scene will find themselves in the wrong destination. Instead, evening entertainment and socializing are centered around more traditional, intimate, and family-oriented activities that reflect the country’s cultural and religious values. Understanding and respecting these norms is crucial for any visitor.
For Mauritanians, the evening is a time for family, friends, and community. The primary form of social entertainment revolves around visiting one another’s homes. Here, the centerpiece of the evening is conversation, storytelling, and, most importantly, the elaborate tea ceremony. An evening can be spent over several hours, slowly sipping the three traditional glasses of sweet mint tea while discussing news, business, or family matters. These gatherings are the bedrock of social life. For a traveler, being invited to a local’s home to share in this ritual is a great honor and offers the most authentic and meaningful “nightlife” experience possible. It is a window into the heart of Mauritanian culture, where hospitality and social connection are prized above all else.
In the capital, Nouakchott, there is a semblance of a public evening scene, albeit a very tame one. The social life for locals and the expatriate community often revolves around restaurants. There are a number of good quality restaurants in the city, offering Mauritanian, Lebanese, French, and other international cuisines. Groups of friends and families will gather for a late dinner, enjoying the food and conversation in a relaxed atmosphere. Some of these establishments, particularly those attached to the major international hotels, may discreetly serve alcoholic beverages to foreign patrons in designated areas, but this is the exception rather than the rule. These venues provide a safe and comfortable space for an evening out, but they are far from being boisterous party spots.
Beyond dining, other forms of public entertainment are very limited. There are no public cinemas showing international films or large concert venues. Live music performances are typically reserved for private events like weddings or special cultural festivals. The entertainment landscape is not designed for public commercial consumption but is integrated into the private and communal fabric of society. Therefore, a visitor’s evening entertainment will most likely consist of a quiet dinner, a long and engaging conversation over tea with a guide or a new local friend, or simply enjoying the profound peace and spectacular stargazing that the desert offers. It is a nightlife of tranquility and human connection rather than one of loud music and bright lights.
Back to Top17) Insider Travel Tips
Traveling in Mauritania is an experience that rewards preparation, flexibility, and a deep sense of cultural curiosity. To move beyond a surface-level tour and truly connect with this enigmatic country, it helps to have a few insider tips. These insights, gleaned from the experience of seasoned travelers and local guides, can help you navigate the country’s unique challenges, foster more meaningful interactions, and gain a richer appreciation for its stark beauty and profound culture. From practical logistics to social etiquette, these tips can make the difference between a trip that is merely challenging and one that is genuinely transformative, allowing you to access the true heart of this Saharan nation.
The single most important insider tip for Mauritania is to invest in a good guide. This is not a country for independent, off-the-cuff travel. A reputable, experienced local guide and driver are your lifeline. They are not just a logistical necessity for navigating the unmarked desert tracks; they are your cultural interpreter, your negotiator, your mechanic, and your key to accessing local hospitality. A good guide will know which wells have water, where to find the best viewpoints, and how to respectfully approach a nomadic encampment. Do thorough research beforehand, seek recommendations from trusted travel forums, and communicate extensively with a potential guide before committing. Their expertise and connections will fundamentally shape your entire experience, ensuring your safety and providing unparalleled insights that you could never find on your own.
Embrace the Mauritanian concept of time and be prepared to be flexible. Schedules are often seen as a general suggestion rather than a strict itinerary. Delays are inevitable, whether due to a vehicle breakdown, a sandstorm, a washed-out track, or an impromptu invitation for tea that cannot be refused. Getting frustrated by these delays is pointless and counterproductive. The key is to build plenty of buffer time into your travel plans and to see these interruptions not as problems but as part of the authentic adventure. This relaxed approach to time, often referred to as “Inshallah” (God willing), is a fundamental part of the culture. Letting go of rigid expectations will allow you to better appreciate the journey and the spontaneous moments that often become the most cherished memories.
Learn to love the tea ceremony. It is the social lubricant and the heart of all human interaction in Mauritania. You will be offered tea countless times a day, by your guide, by shopkeepers, by people you meet on the street. Always accept. The ritual is slow and deliberate for a reason; it is a way to build rapport and trust before any business or serious conversation takes place. Rushing the process or refusing a cup is considered rude. Use this time to relax, observe, and engage in conversation. A final practical tip: carry a “cheche” or Tagelmust (a long turban-like scarf). It is an incredibly versatile piece of desert equipment. It will protect you from the sun, the wind, and the sand, can be used as a towel or a pillow, and wearing it also shows a respect for the local culture.
Back to Top18) Etiquette & Customs
Observing and respecting the local etiquette and customs is paramount for any traveler wishing to have a positive and meaningful experience in Mauritania. As a deeply conservative Islamic nation with a complex social structure, Mauritanian society operates on a set of norms and traditions that can be very different from those in the West. Making a genuine effort to understand and adhere to these customs is not just a matter of politeness; it is a fundamental sign of respect that will determine how you are perceived and received by the local population. A culturally sensitive approach will open doors to genuine hospitality and prevent you from causing unintentional offense, allowing for a much richer and more rewarding journey.
Islam permeates every aspect of daily life, and respecting its customs is crucial. This is most visibly expressed through modest dress. Both men and women should dress conservatively, covering their shoulders, arms, and legs. For women, this means wearing loose-fitting long-sleeved shirts, long skirts, or trousers. A headscarf is not mandatory for foreign women but carrying one is highly recommended and can be a welcome sign of respect, especially when visiting a mosque or a more traditional home. Public displays of affection are not acceptable. During the holy month of Ramadan, it is important to be discreet and refrain from eating, drinking, or smoking in public during fasting hours, as a sign of respect for those who are fasting.
Greetings are an important social ritual. When meeting someone, a gentle, lingering handshake is common among men. Direct and prolonged eye contact may be less common than in the West. When interacting between genders, it is best for a foreign man to wait for a Mauritanian woman to extend her hand first; if she does not, a simple nod and a verbal greeting are appropriate. The right hand should be used for everything, especially for eating, giving, and receiving items. The left hand is traditionally considered unclean. It is also customary to inquire about someone’s health, family, and well-being as part of the greeting process before moving on to the main topic of conversation.
The culture of hospitality is sacred, but it comes with its own set of rules. If invited for a meal, it is polite to accept. You will likely eat from a large communal dish, using only your right hand. Your hosts will go to great lengths to make you feel welcome, and it is important to show gratitude. As mentioned, the tea ceremony is a central social institution. Accepting the three traditional glasses of tea is essential. Photography is another sensitive area. Always ask for permission before taking a picture of someone, particularly women and older people. Photographing military installations, government buildings, and airports is strictly forbidden. By navigating these customs with humility and respect, you will earn the trust and friendship of the Mauritanian people.
Back to Top19) Basic Language Tips
Navigating the linguistic landscape of Mauritania can be an interesting challenge, but learning a few key phrases can dramatically improve your travel experience. While the official language is Arabic, the spoken dialect is Hassaniya. However, due to the country’s colonial history, French remains a vital lingua franca, especially in business, government, and among educated people. For most travelers, having a basic command of French will be the most useful tool for communication. It will allow you to interact with guides, hotel staff, and officials more effectively. Making an effort to learn a few words in either French or Hassaniya Arabic is a powerful sign of respect and will be greatly appreciated by the locals you encounter, often leading to warmer and more welcoming interactions.
For general travel purposes, focusing on French is the most practical approach. Simple greetings are a great place to start. “Bonjour” (bon-zhoor) for “Hello” or “Good day” is universally understood. “Bonsoir” (bon-swahr) is used for “Good evening.” A polite way to get someone’s attention is “Excusez-moi” (ex-kew-zay mwah). The essential words for “please” and “thank you” are “s’il vous plaît” (seel voo play) and “merci” (mehr-see). To say “thank you very much,” you can use “merci beaucoup” (mehr-see bo-koo). Responding with “de rien” (duh ree-en) for “you’re welcome” completes the polite exchange. These basic French pleasantries will be invaluable in almost any situation you encounter.
If you wish to show an even deeper level of cultural respect, learning a few greetings in Hassaniya Arabic will be very impressive to locals. The most common greeting is the universal Islamic “As-salamu alaykum” (as-sa-la-moo a-lai-koom), which means “Peace be upon you.” The correct response is “Wa alaykumu s-salam” (wa a-lai-koo-moo sa-laam). To say thank you in Hassaniya, you can say “shukran” (shook-ran). While your conversations will likely continue in French or through a guide, starting with these traditional greetings demonstrates a significant and appreciated effort to connect with the local culture on its own terms, especially in more rural and traditional desert settings.
Knowing a few practical phrases can also be very helpful for navigating daily situations. In French, you can ask “Combien ça coûte?” (kom-byen sa koot?) for “How much does it cost?”. “Je ne comprends pas” (zhuh nuh kom-pron pah) means “I don’t understand.” A very useful phrase is “Où sont les toilettes?” (oo son lay twah-let?) for “Where is the toilet?”. In a market, you can simply point and say “ça, s’il vous plaît” (sa, seel voo play) for “this one, please.” Even if you have a guide to translate for you, being able to use these simple phrases yourself can make for a more independent and engaging experience, empowering you to interact directly with the people and culture around you.
| 20 Basic Language Tips (French & Hassaniya) | |
|---|---|
| English | French / Hassaniya Arabic (Pronunciation) |
| Hello | Bonjour (bon-zhoor) / As-salamu alaykum |
| Goodbye | Au revoir (o ruh-vwahr) |
| Please | S’il vous plaît (seel voo play) |
| Thank you | Merci (mehr-see) / Shukran (shook-ran) |
| You’re welcome | De rien (duh ree-en) |
| Yes | Oui (wee) |
| No | Non (non) |
| Excuse me / Sorry | Excusez-moi / Pardon (ex-kew-zay mwah / par-don) |
| My name is… | Je m’appelle… (zhuh ma-pell…) |
| How are you? | Comment ça va? (kom-mon sa va?) |
| I don’t understand | Je ne comprends pas (zhuh nuh kom-pron pah) |
| Water | Eau (oh) |
| Tea | Thé (tay) |
| How much is it? | Combien ça coûte? (kom-byen sa koot?) |
| The bill, please | L’addition, s’il vous plaît (la-dee-syon, seel voo play) |
| One | Un (uhn) |
| Two | Deux (duh) |
| Three | Trois (trwah) |
| Good | Bien / Bon (byan / bon) |
| No problem | Pas de problème (pah duh prob-lem) |
20) Useful Resources
Preparing for a journey to Mauritania requires diligent research and reliance on credible and up-to-date sources of information. Given the country’s unique challenges and limited tourist infrastructure, being well-informed is not just a matter of convenience—it is essential for your safety and the success of your trip. The right resources can provide critical security updates, practical logistical advice, and valuable cultural insights. From official government advisories to the shared wisdom of seasoned travelers, leveraging these tools will allow you to plan a responsible, safe, and deeply rewarding adventure in this extraordinary Saharan nation. It is crucial to consult these resources both well in advance of your trip and right up until your departure.
The single most important resource for any prospective traveler to Mauritania is their own government’s foreign travel advisory service. Websites such as the U.S. Department of State’s travel advisories, the UK’s Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office (FCDO) travel advice, and France’s Conseils aux voyageurs are indispensable. These sites provide the most current information on the security situation, including specific details on terrorism risks, crime rates, and areas to avoid. They also contain practical information on visa requirements, health recommendations, and local laws and customs. Reading these advisories thoroughly and signing up for travel alerts is a non-negotiable first step in planning a trip to Mauritania.
Once you have assessed the security situation, online travel forums can be a valuable source of on-the-ground information and personal experiences. Platforms like the Lonely Planet Thorn Tree forum (though now read-only, its archives are vast), the TripAdvisor Mauritania forum, and various specialized overlanding and adventure travel forums on Facebook can provide firsthand accounts from recent travelers. These forums are excellent places to ask specific questions and to find recommendations for reputable local tour operators and guides, which is one of the most critical decisions you will make. Reading trip reports can give you a realistic sense of the challenges and rewards of the journey, helping you to set appropriate expectations.
For logistical planning, there are a few key online tools. While general booking sites may have limited use, they can be helpful for researching flights into Nouakchott (NKC). For accommodation, especially in the capital, platforms like Booking.com have a small but useful selection of hotels. However, for auberges and guesthouses in the desert, direct contact, usually facilitated by your chosen guide, is the standard method. Detailed maps are essential, and while online maps have improved, a good quality physical map of the country is a wise backup. Finally, establishing contact with your country’s embassy in Nouakchott before you go, and potentially registering your travel plans with them, is a crucial safety step that provides a vital point of contact in case of an emergency.
Back to Top