Saudi Arabia Travel Guide
Table of Contents
1) Destination Overview
Welcome to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, a destination embarking on one of the most remarkable and rapid transformations in modern history. For centuries a mysterious and largely closed kingdom, Saudi Arabia is now opening its doors to the world, inviting travelers to discover its ancient treasures, stunningly diverse landscapes, and ambitious futuristic cities. As the birthplace and spiritual heart of Islam, the country holds a unique place in the world, yet its offerings extend far beyond religious pilgrimage. It is a land of vast, cinematic deserts, from the shifting golden dunes of the Empty Quarter (Rub’ al Khali) to the dramatic sandstone canyons of AlUla. It boasts a pristine Red Sea coastline, which is being developed into a world-class luxury tourism destination, and cool, green mountains in the Asir region. Saudi Arabia is a country where millennia of history and tradition are colliding with a bold and audacious vision for the future, creating a travel experience that is truly unique and unparalleled.
The Kingdom’s ambitious Vision 2030 plan is the driving force behind this new era of tourism, a national strategy to diversify the economy and showcase its rich cultural and natural heritage. This has unlocked access to breathtaking historical sites that were previously unknown to most of the world. The crown jewel of these is Hegra (Al-Hijr), Saudi Arabia’s first UNESCO World Heritage Site, located in the AlUla region. This ancient city, built by the Nabateans (the same civilization that built Petra in Jordan), features over 100 remarkably well-preserved monumental tombs carved into massive sandstone rock formations. Beyond Hegra, the country is dotted with thousands of archaeological sites, from the ancient rock art of Jubbah to the historic mud-brick architecture of Diriyah, the ancestral home of the ruling Al Saud family on the outskirts of Riyadh. For history enthusiasts, Saudi Arabia offers a new and exciting frontier of discovery.
Beyond its historical wonders, the Kingdom is a land of incredible natural diversity. The Red Sea coast, stretching over 1,800 kilometers, is home to vibrant coral reefs, abundant marine life, and a string of pristine islands, making it a future hotspot for diving and luxury beach tourism. Ambitious giga-projects like The Red Sea and NEOM are developing this coastline with a focus on sustainability and eco-luxury. In the southwest, the Asir mountains offer a startling contrast to the desert landscapes, with their terraced fields, juniper forests, and cool, misty climate. This region is perfect for hiking and exploring traditional villages like Rijal Almaa, with its distinctive stone tower houses. The vast deserts are not empty wastelands but landscapes of profound beauty, offering opportunities for dune bashing, stargazing, and experiencing the legendary hospitality of the Bedouin people. This natural heritage is a key focus for attracting a new generation of eco-conscious and adventure-seeking travelers.
The modern face of Saudi Arabia is on full display in its dynamic and rapidly evolving cities. The capital, Riyadh, is a sprawling metropolis of glittering skyscrapers, luxurious shopping malls, and a burgeoning arts and culinary scene. The historic port city of Jeddah, known as the “Bride of the Red Sea,” boasts a beautiful waterfront and a charming old town, Al-Balad (another UNESCO World Heritage Site), with its distinctive coral-stone buildings and bustling souqs. A journey to Saudi Arabia in 2025 is a chance to witness a country in the midst of a historic transformation, a place where you can explore ancient civilizations one day and glimpse the cities of the future the next. It is a destination that will challenge perceptions and reward the curious traveler with experiences that are both deeply authentic and truly groundbreaking. This guide will help you navigate this complex, fascinating, and rapidly opening kingdom.
Back to Top2) Best Time to Visit and Why
Choosing the best time to visit Saudi Arabia is crucial for a comfortable and enjoyable trip, as the country’s climate is predominantly desert, characterized by extreme heat for much of the year. The most ideal and highly recommended time for general tourism across the Kingdom is during the cooler winter months, from November to February. During this period, the weather is pleasantly mild and sunny, making it perfect for exploring both the ancient outdoor archaeological sites and the bustling modern cities. Daytime temperatures in central regions like Riyadh and AlUla are typically very comfortable, ranging from 20°C to 28°C (68°F to 82°F), which is ideal for sightseeing. The cool, crisp evenings are perfect for desert excursions, stargazing, or enjoying the outdoor dining scene that has become popular in major cities. This window represents the absolute peak season for tourism, offering the most favorable conditions for a wide range of activities.
The shoulder seasons of autumn (October) and spring (March and April) can also be good times to visit, offering a compromise between the perfect weather of winter and the intense heat of summer. During these months, the temperatures are warmer than in winter but still generally manageable for most travelers. This can be a great time to visit the Red Sea coast in Jeddah, as the sea temperatures are warm and pleasant for swimming and diving. However, as you move later into the spring, particularly from mid-April onwards, the heat begins to build rapidly across the country, often becoming uncomfortably hot by May. These shoulder months can be a good option for those looking to avoid the peak winter crowds while still enjoying relatively pleasant weather, but it is important to be prepared for warmer conditions, especially in the latter part of spring.
The summer months, from May to September, are characterized by extreme and often scorching heat across almost the entire country. In central regions like Riyadh, and in the Eastern Province, daytime temperatures regularly soar above 45°C (113°F) and can even approach 50°C (122°F). This intense heat makes any outdoor activity during the day extremely challenging and potentially dangerous. For this reason, summer is generally considered the off-season for tourism and is not recommended for first-time visitors or those planning to explore the desert heritage sites. Most daily life shifts to the evenings and the air-conditioned environments of shopping malls and indoor attractions. While hotel prices may be lower during this period, the climatic challenges are significant and will severely limit your ability to experience the country’s main attractions.
An important exception to the general pattern is the Asir region in the southwest of the country. These mountains have a much more temperate and monsoon-influenced climate. During the summer months, while the rest of the country is baking, the Asir region experiences its own “khareef” or monsoon season, which brings cooler temperatures, mist, and rain, turning the landscape a lush green. This makes it a popular summer domestic tourism destination for Saudis seeking to escape the heat. The city of Abha, known as the “Bride of the Mountain,” has a pleasant summer climate and hosts the “Abha Festival” during this time. For international travelers interested in hiking and exploring this unique mountainous region, the summer can be a viable and interesting time to visit this specific part of the Kingdom, offering a completely different experience from the rest of the country.
Back to Top3) Top Destinations and Best Hotel
The undisputed crown jewel of Saudi Arabia’s burgeoning tourism landscape is AlUla, a spectacular and vast desert region in the northwest of the country. This area is a living museum, holding over 200,000 years of human history within its dramatic sandstone canyons and rock formations. The main attraction is Hegra (Al-Hijr), the Kingdom’s first UNESCO World Heritage Site. This was the principal southern city of the Nabatean Kingdom, and it features more than 110 monumental tombs carved with incredible precision into the rock faces, reminiscent of its more famous sister city, Petra. Beyond Hegra, AlUla is also home to the ancient city of Dadan, the former capital of the Dadanite and Lihyanite kingdoms, and Jabal Ikmah, a stunning open-air library of ancient rock inscriptions. The beautifully preserved AlUla Old Town, a labyrinth of mud-brick houses, offers a glimpse into life from the 12th century. The sheer scale of history and the breathtaking natural beauty make AlUla an absolutely essential destination for any visitor to Saudi Arabia.
As the political and economic heart of the Kingdom, Riyadh is a dynamic and futuristic metropolis that offers a compelling look at modern Saudi Arabia. The city’s skyline is dominated by glittering skyscrapers, most notably the iconic Kingdom Centre with its distinctive bottle-opener shape and sky bridge, and the Al Faisaliah Tower. Riyadh is a city of luxurious shopping malls, world-class restaurants, and a rapidly growing arts and culture scene. However, it also holds deep historical significance. A visit to the Al Masmak Fortress, a clay and mud-brick citadel in the heart of the old city, is crucial for understanding the birth of the modern Saudi state. Nearby, the bustling Souq Al Zal offers a traditional shopping experience. The absolute must-see historical site is Ad Diriyah, the ancestral home of the Al Saud royal family and another UNESCO World Heritage Site. Its beautifully restored mud-brick architecture in the Al-Turaif district provides a stunning journey back in time, just a short drive from the modern city center.
Jeddah, the vibrant port city on the Red Sea, offers a more laid-back and cosmopolitan atmosphere than the capital. Known as the “Bride of the Red Sea,” it has for centuries been the gateway for pilgrims heading to the holy cities of Makkah and Madinah. This history of welcoming visitors has given Jeddah a uniquely relaxed and diverse character. Its crowning glory is the historic district of Al-Balad, a UNESCO World Heritage Site that is a mesmerizing labyrinth of narrow alleyways and traditional tower houses built from coral stone, with beautiful and intricate Roshan (wooden latticework) balconies. The city also boasts a stunning modern waterfront, the Jeddah Corniche, which features beautiful mosques, sculptures, and recreational areas. As a coastal city, Jeddah is also the hub for exploring the underwater treasures of the Red Sea, with excellent diving and snorkeling opportunities available.
With the rapid development of tourism, Saudi Arabia now offers a superb range of luxury accommodation. In the heart of AlUla’s breathtaking landscape, the Banyan Tree AlUla provides an unparalleled luxury experience with its stunning tented villas set against the dramatic rock formations of the Ashar Valley. In Riyadh, for ultimate modern luxury and a prime location, the Four Seasons Hotel Riyadh at Kingdom Centre offers impeccable service and incredible city views from its perch in the iconic skyscraper. In Jeddah, combining five-star luxury with a prime waterfront location, the The Ritz-Carlton, Jeddah is a palatial property that provides a perfect base for exploring the city’s historic and modern attractions. These world-class hotels are at the forefront of the Kingdom’s new era of hospitality, ensuring an exceptionally comfortable and luxurious stay.
Back to Top4) Language & Culture
The culture of Saudi Arabia is deeply and inextricably linked to the principles and traditions of Islam. As the birthplace of the faith and the custodian of its two holiest cities, Makkah and Madinah, the Kingdom’s identity, laws, and social fabric are all profoundly shaped by Islamic teachings. The official language of the country is Arabic, the language of the Qur’an. While Modern Standard Arabic is used in official communications and the media, the everyday spoken language is a regional dialect known as Najdi Arabic in the central region and Hejazi Arabic in the west. For visitors, while English is widely spoken in the business and tourism sectors, especially by younger Saudis, learning a few basic Arabic greetings is a powerful and deeply appreciated sign of respect. It demonstrates a willingness to engage with the local culture on its own terms and will be met with great warmth.
One of the most important and cherished pillars of Saudi and Bedouin culture is hospitality. Generosity towards guests is a matter of honor and a fundamental duty. Visitors to the Kingdom are often struck by the incredible warmth and generosity they receive. It is a common experience to be invited for Arabic coffee (“qahwa”) and dates, the ultimate symbols of welcome. This ritual is a central part of social and business life. The coffee, lightly roasted and flavored with cardamom, is served in small, handleless cups (“finjan”). It is customary to accept at least one cup, and you should always use your right hand to both give and receive items, as the left hand is considered unclean. When you have had enough, you simply signal this by gently shaking the cup from side to side before handing it back. This simple act of sharing coffee and dates is a beautiful and meaningful cultural exchange.
The family is the absolute center of Saudi society. It is the primary source of identity, loyalty, and social support. There is a strong emphasis on the collective well-being of the family and the tribe over the individual. Respect for elders is paramount, and their wisdom and authority are highly valued. The traditional social structure is patriarchal, and the concept of honor (“sharaf”) and public reputation is extremely important. While Saudi society is undergoing rapid social change as part of Vision 2030, with women playing an increasingly visible and active role in public life, many traditional values and social norms remain deeply ingrained. Understanding the central importance of family and the hierarchical nature of society is key to navigating social interactions with sensitivity and respect.
Art and tradition hold a special place in the nation’s culture. While Islamic tradition discourages the depiction of human figures, this has led to a flourishing of other art forms, particularly intricate geometric patterns, beautiful calligraphy, and decorative arts. Traditional architecture, with its use of mud-brick and beautifully carved wooden details, can be seen in historic areas like Ad Diriyah and Al-Balad. Poetry has a long and noble history in the Arabian Peninsula, and it remains a highly respected art form. Another key tradition is the “ardah,” a traditional male sword dance, which is often performed at celebrations and festivals and is a powerful expression of communal pride and heritage. For visitors, exploring these rich artistic traditions offers a deeper insight into the aesthetic and cultural soul of the Kingdom.
Back to Top5) Festivals & Events
The landscape of festivals and events in Saudi Arabia is undergoing a dramatic and exciting transformation, mirroring the broader social and cultural changes sweeping the Kingdom. Historically, public celebrations were largely confined to religious holidays and traditional cultural festivals. However, as part of the Vision 2030 initiative, the country has launched an ambitious and fast-growing calendar of modern, large-scale entertainment events, from international music festivals and sporting competitions to art biennials and fashion weeks. This creates a dynamic and dualistic events scene, where ancient traditions coexist with contemporary global entertainment, offering a diverse and fascinating range of experiences for both locals and international visitors. This new focus on entertainment is a key pillar of the country’s tourism strategy and a clear sign of its opening up to the world.
The most important traditional festivals are the two major Islamic holidays: Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha. As these are based on the lunar Islamic calendar, their dates on the Gregorian calendar change each year. Eid al-Fitr marks the end of the holy month of Ramadan and is a joyous three-day celebration filled with prayer, family gatherings, feasting, and the giving of gifts. Eid al-Adha, the “Festival of Sacrifice,” is the other major holiday, commemorating a key story in Islamic tradition. Both Eids are national holidays, and while they are primarily family-focused affairs, visitors in the Kingdom during this time will experience a palpable atmosphere of celebration and generosity. Another significant national celebration is Saudi National Day on September 23rd, which is marked by patriotic parades, fireworks, and public festivities, with green and white decorations adorning cities across the country.
For a deep dive into the rich cultural heritage of the Kingdom, the most important traditional event has historically been the Janadriyah National Heritage and Culture Festival. Held just outside Riyadh, this two-week festival is a massive celebration of all aspects of Saudi tradition. It features pavilions for each region of the country, showcasing their unique handicrafts, folklore, music, and cuisine. Key events include spectacular camel races, traditional sword dancing (“ardah”), and poetry recitals. It is a comprehensive and immersive showcase of the nation’s diverse folk heritage and a fantastic opportunity to see the living traditions of the Arabian Peninsula up close. The festival is a powerful expression of national pride and a key platform for cultural preservation in the face of rapid modernization.
The modern entertainment scene is best exemplified by the “Saudi Seasons” initiative, a series of city-specific entertainment festivals. The most prominent of these is Riyadh Season, which typically runs for several months during the cooler winter period. This mega-festival transforms the capital into a vast entertainment hub, with an incredible lineup of international concerts featuring major global music artists, sporting events like professional boxing matches, theatrical shows, art exhibitions, and a host of immersive entertainment zones. Similarly, Jeddah Season offers a calendar of events focused on the city’s waterfront and cultural attractions. These seasons are a clear signal of the new direction the country is taking, aiming to become a major entertainment destination in the Middle East and offering visitors an unprecedented array of world-class events to enjoy.
Back to Top6) Local Cuisine
Saudi Arabian cuisine is a rich and aromatic reflection of the country’s ancient trade routes, its Bedouin traditions, and its deep Islamic cultural heritage. The food is characterized by the use of fragrant spices like cardamom, saffron, cinnamon, and cloves, and staple ingredients such as wheat, rice, lamb, chicken, and dates. Sharing food is a central part of the legendary Saudi hospitality, and meals are often large, communal affairs designed to be enjoyed with family and friends. While regional variations are significant, the national dish and the heart of Saudi culinary identity is Kabsa. This is a flavorful mixed rice dish, where the rice is cooked in a fragrant broth of meat (usually chicken or lamb) and spices, creating a beautifully colored and aromatic base. The tender meat is served on top of the rice, often garnished with raisins, nuts, and fried onions. It is a hearty, delicious, and ubiquitous dish that every visitor to the Kingdom must try.
The cuisine of the central Najd region, the heartland of the country and home to Riyadh, is known for its simple, rustic, and hearty dishes that were developed to sustain life in the harsh desert environment. One of the most traditional Najdi dishes is “Jareesh,” a savory porridge-like dish made from cracked wheat, slow-cooked with meat (often chicken or lamb), onions, and a variety of spices, often with a tangy yogurt or laban base. Another popular dish is “Matazeez,” a type of stew containing meat and vegetables, with small dumplings or discs of whole-wheat dough cooked directly in the flavorful sauce. These dishes are deeply comforting and offer an authentic taste of the traditional food of central Arabia. They are a testament to a culinary tradition that makes clever use of a limited range of desert-hardy ingredients.
In the western Hejaz region, which includes the cities of Jeddah, Makkah, and Madinah, the cuisine is more complex and cosmopolitan, reflecting its history as a major trade and pilgrimage hub with influences from across the Islamic world, particularly from Yemeni, Egyptian, and North African cuisines. Here you will find popular dishes like “Saleeg,” a creamy, risotto-like dish of white rice cooked in milk and broth, typically served with roasted chicken. Another Hejazi favorite is “Mandi,” a Yemeni-inspired dish where meat is slow-cooked in a special underground oven called a tandoor, resulting in incredibly tender and flavorful meat, served over fragrant rice. The proximity to the Red Sea also means that fresh fish and seafood feature more prominently in the cuisine of the Hejaz compared to the landlocked central region.
No discussion of Saudi cuisine would be complete without mentioning the cultural significance of Arabic coffee (“qahwa”) and dates. These are the ultimate symbols of hospitality and are offered to guests in any social or business setting. The coffee is typically a light roast, brewed with cardamom and sometimes other spices like saffron or cloves, and served unsweetened in small, handleless cups. It is served alongside a variety of high-quality dates, which are a major agricultural product of the Kingdom and a source of national pride. This ritual of sharing coffee and dates is the cornerstone of social etiquette and a warm and welcoming introduction to the rich culinary traditions and generous spirit of Saudi Arabia. It is an experience that is as important as any meal.
Back to Top7) Transportation
Navigating the vast distances of Saudi Arabia is made efficient and convenient by a modern and well-developed transportation network, particularly in the aviation sector. Domestic flights are the most practical and widely used method for traveling between the Kingdom’s major cities, which are often separated by hundreds of kilometers of desert. The national carrier, Saudia, along with a number of competitive private and budget airlines like Flynas and Flyadeal, operates a comprehensive network connecting all major and many smaller cities. Key routes, such as between Riyadh, Jeddah, and Dammam, have numerous flights throughout the day. The domestic aviation market is efficient, modern, and relatively affordable, making it an essential tool for any traveler looking to create an itinerary that covers multiple regions of the country. For accessing the remote but popular destination of AlUla, flying is also the most practical option, with direct flights from Riyadh and Jeddah.
For intercity travel on the ground, Saudi Arabia offers a modern and comfortable train system on key routes, operated by Saudi Arabia Railways (SAR). The most established line connects the capital, Riyadh, with the eastern city of Dammam, passing through Hofuf and Abqaiq. More recently, a state-of-the-art high-speed rail line, the Haramain High Speed Railway, was launched to connect the holy cities of Makkah and Madinah with Jeddah and King Abdullah Economic City. This service provides a fast, modern, and efficient way to travel in the western region. There is also a north-south line connecting Riyadh with the northern border near Jordan. The trains are clean, punctual, and offer a comfortable and relaxing alternative to flying or driving on these specific corridors, with different classes of service available.
The most extensive ground transportation network is provided by intercity buses. The main operator is the Saudi Public Transport Company (SAPTCO), which runs a vast network of routes connecting virtually every town and city in the Kingdom. SAPTCO also offers premium “VIP” services on major routes, which use modern, comfortable coaches with extra legroom and on-board amenities. Bus travel is the most economical way to get around the country and is a reliable option for reaching destinations that are not served by air or rail. While the journeys can be long, they offer a chance to see the changing desert landscapes of the Kingdom. Tickets can be booked online or at the bus stations, which are typically located on the outskirts of major cities.
Within the major cities, transportation has been revolutionized by the advent of ride-hailing applications. Services like Uber and the popular regional equivalent, Careem, are ubiquitous in cities like Riyadh, Jeddah, and Dammam. They are the most convenient, safe, and transparent way to get around, offering a reliable alternative to traditional taxis, for which it can sometimes be difficult to negotiate a fair price. For women traveling solo, these apps also provide an extra layer of security. Renting a car is another viable option for visitors, especially for those looking to explore a region in more depth. All major international car rental agencies have a presence at airports and in city centers. The road network in Saudi Arabia is excellent, with modern multi-lane highways connecting the major cities. However, driving habits can be aggressive, so a confident and defensive driving style is required.
Back to Top8) Weather & Climate
The climate of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is overwhelmingly defined by its desert environment, resulting in hot, dry conditions for most of the year across the vast majority of the country. The climate can be broadly categorized as arid, with extremely high daytime temperatures in the summer, a significant drop in temperature at night, and very little annual rainfall. The sheer size of the Kingdom, however, allows for some regional variations. The Red Sea coast in the west experiences high humidity along with the heat, while the southwestern mountains of Asir have a more temperate, semi-arid climate with seasonal monsoons. Understanding these climatic conditions is absolutely essential for planning a trip, as the extreme heat of the summer months can severely limit outdoor activities and make travel very uncomfortable for those not accustomed to it.
The summer season, from roughly May to September, is characterized by scorching and relentless heat. In the central region, where the capital Riyadh is located, and in the Eastern Province, daytime temperatures regularly exceed 45°C (113°F) and can often climb towards 50°C (122°F). The heat is dry and intense, and any outdoor activity during the peak of the day is strongly discouraged. In the coastal city of Jeddah, while the temperatures may be slightly lower, they are combined with very high humidity, which can make the weather feel even more oppressive. During this period, daily life for locals shifts to the cooler evening and night hours, and the air-conditioned environments of homes, offices, and shopping malls become essential refuges. For tourists, the summer is generally considered the off-season and is not recommended for sightseeing.
The winter, from November to February, is by far the best and most popular time for tourism in Saudi Arabia. This season brings a welcome respite from the heat, with pleasantly mild and sunny weather across most of the country. In Riyadh and AlUla, daytime temperatures are very comfortable, typically ranging from 20°C to 28°C (68°F to 82°F), perfect for exploring archaeological sites and enjoying the outdoors. In the desert, the nights can become quite cold, sometimes dropping into the single digits Celsius, so packing warm layers is essential for evening excursions or overnight camping. In Jeddah, the winter weather is idyllic, with warm days and pleasant humidity levels, making it ideal for enjoying the city’s waterfront and outdoor cafes. The clear skies and comfortable temperatures of winter make it the optimal season for a Saudi Arabian adventure.
The southwestern Asir region stands as a significant climatic exception. Its high-altitude mountains experience a unique monsoon season, known as the “khareef,” during the summer months (roughly June to August). While the rest of the country is enduring extreme heat, the Asir mountains receive rain, which brings cooler temperatures and turns the landscape a vibrant green. This makes the region, particularly the city of Abha, a popular domestic summer resort for Saudis looking to escape the heat. For international visitors, this offers a unique opportunity to experience a completely different side of Saudi Arabia’s climate and geography. The transitional shoulder seasons of spring (March-April) and autumn (October) can also be pleasant, but they are characterized by a rapid warming or cooling of temperatures, respectively, and can sometimes bring strong winds and sandstorms.
| City / Season | Average High/Low Temperature |
|---|---|
| Riyadh (Winter: Dec-Feb) | 21°C / 9°C |
| Riyadh (Summer: Jun-Aug) | 43°C / 28°C |
| Jeddah (Winter: Dec-Feb) | 30°C / 20°C |
| Jeddah (Summer: Jun-Aug) | 38°C / 28°C (with high humidity) |
9) Airports, International and Domestic Flight
Saudi Arabia’s aviation infrastructure is modern, expansive, and serves as a crucial hub for the Middle East, reflecting the country’s economic importance and its new focus on global tourism. The Kingdom has three main international gateways that handle the vast majority of international flights. The busiest is King Abdulaziz International Airport (IATA: JED) in Jeddah, which is not only a major commercial hub but also the primary gateway for millions of pilgrims undertaking the Hajj and Umrah pilgrimages to Makkah. It is famous for its massive and iconic Hajj Terminal. King Khalid International Airport (IATA: RUH) in the capital, Riyadh, is another major hub with extensive connections across the globe. In the Eastern Province, King Fahd International Airport (IATA: DMM) in Dammam is the third major gateway, serving the country’s oil and industrial heartland. These airports are serviced by a vast number of international airlines, offering excellent connectivity from all corners of the world.
The national carrier, Saudia (formerly Saudi Arabian Airlines), and the rapidly expanding budget airline Flynas are the two main Saudi-based airlines. Both have extensive international networks, with Saudia being a member of the SkyTeam airline alliance. They offer direct flights to major cities across North America, Europe, Asia, and Africa. In addition, major global carriers like Emirates, Qatar Airways, Turkish Airlines, British Airways, and Lufthansa have a strong presence, providing numerous one-stop connection options for travelers. This robust competition and connectivity make it relatively easy to find convenient flight routes into the Kingdom. The airports themselves are large and modern, particularly after recent expansions and renovations, offering a full range of services including lounges, restaurants, and duty-free shopping.
The domestic flight network is exceptionally well-developed and is the most efficient way to travel across the country’s vast distances. Saudia and Flynas, along with the low-cost carrier Flyadeal, operate a dense network of flights connecting more than 25 domestic airports. This makes it possible to travel quickly between regions, for example, from the modern capital of Riyadh to the ancient wonders of AlUla or the southern mountains of Abha. The frequency of flights on major routes, such as Riyadh-Jeddah, is very high, almost like a shuttle service. Domestic flights are generally affordable, especially when booked in advance, and the aircraft are modern and comfortable. For any tourist planning a multi-city itinerary, utilizing the domestic flight network is practically essential for managing time effectively.
With the rise of tourism, several smaller regional airports are gaining international importance. Prince Abdul Majeed bin Abdulaziz Domestic Airport (IATA: ULH) in AlUla is a key example, having been upgraded to handle international flights to support the growing number of tourists visiting Hegra and the surrounding heritage sites. Similarly, the new Red Sea International Airport (RSI) is being built to serve the luxury tourism giga-projects along the coast. Upon arrival at any of the major international airports, travelers will find efficient immigration processes (especially with the new tourist e-visa system), and readily available transportation options. Ride-hailing services like Uber and Careem are the most convenient way to get to your hotel, and major car rental agencies are present at all terminals, providing everything needed for a smooth and comfortable start to your journey in the Kingdom.
Back to Top10) Back Up Plan and Flight Route
While Saudi Arabia’s aviation network is modern and generally very reliable, it is always wise for a traveler to have a basic understanding of backup plans and alternative routes. The most likely disruptions to travel are not from airline issues but can be related to weather, such as sandstorms, which can occasionally cause temporary airport closures or flight delays. A solid contingency plan involves having some flexibility in your itinerary, being aware of overland travel options, and having comprehensive travel insurance. For most travelers, disruptions are rare, but in a country of such vast distances, a missed connection can have a significant knock-on effect. A proactive and flexible mindset is the best tool for dealing with any unforeseen changes to your travel plans, ensuring your journey remains a positive experience.
The primary backup plan for a cancelled domestic flight between major hubs (e.g., Riyadh to Jeddah) is to take the next available flight, as services are very frequent. However, if you face a longer delay or need an alternative, the intercity bus and train networks are your main options. The SAPTCO bus service connects all major cities, and while the journey is long, it is a reliable and affordable fallback. For travel between Riyadh and Dammam, or in the western region between Jeddah, Makkah, and Madinah, the modern and efficient train services operated by SAR are an excellent alternative to flying. In the event of a major disruption at one international airport, being aware of the other two main gateways (Riyadh, Jeddah, Dammam) can be useful, as you could potentially book a domestic flight to an alternative airport and continue your journey from there.
Saudi Arabia shares land borders with several countries, including Jordan, Kuwait, Qatar, the UAE, Oman, and Yemen. For tourists, the most practical and commonly used land border crossings are with Jordan in the north and the UAE in the east. The border crossing with Jordan can be a strategic route for travelers looking to combine a visit to Saudi Arabia with a trip to Petra and Wadi Rum. Similarly, the crossing with the UAE provides a direct overland route from the vibrant city of Dubai. Traveling overland by bus or private car is a viable, though very long, alternative to flying into the Kingdom. Companies like SAPTCO operate international bus services to these neighboring countries. This option is typically used by regional travelers or adventurous overlanders rather than short-term tourists, but it remains a key part of the regional transport network.
Ultimately, the most crucial component of any backup plan is robust travel insurance. Ensure that your policy provides comprehensive coverage for trip delays, missed connections, and cancellations. This will provide financial protection for any non-refundable bookings and cover the costs associated with arranging alternative travel or accommodation. It is also wise to keep digital copies of all your important documents—passport, visa, flight tickets, and hotel confirmations—easily accessible on your phone or in cloud storage. Before your trip, save the contact numbers for your airline, hotel, and the local emergency services. By combining a flexible itinerary with an awareness of alternative routes and the safety net of good insurance, you can navigate your journey through the vast Kingdom of Saudi Arabia with confidence and peace of mind, prepared for any eventuality.
| Primary Route | Primary Backup Plan & Route |
|---|---|
| Domestic Flight (e.g., Riyadh to Jeddah) | Take the next available flight (high frequency). Alternatively, use the SAPTCO intercity bus service or, where available, the SAR train network. |
| International Flight to Riyadh (RUH) | Consider alternative international gateways like Jeddah (JED) or Dammam (DMM), or even nearby hubs like Dubai (DXB) or Doha (DOH), followed by a connecting flight. |
11) Safety & Health
Saudi Arabia is known for having a very high level of public safety and a remarkably low crime rate, which is a significant and reassuring aspect for international travelers. The country’s strict laws and extensive security presence contribute to a very secure environment in its cities and tourist areas. Violent crime is extremely rare, and even petty crimes like pickpocketing are uncommon compared to many other major tourist destinations. Visitors can generally feel very safe walking around, even late at night. This high level of security is a point of national pride and is taken very seriously. As a tourist, the main safety considerations are not related to crime but rather to being aware of and respecting the local laws and cultural norms, and to road safety, as driving habits can be aggressive and road accidents are a concern.
The healthcare system in Saudi Arabia is of a very high modern standard, with state-of-the-art hospitals and clinics available in all major cities. The quality of medical care is excellent, with many doctors being internationally trained. While public healthcare is primarily for Saudi citizens, a number of high-quality private hospitals cater to the large expatriate population and visitors. It is absolutely essential for all travelers to have comprehensive travel medical insurance before visiting Saudi Arabia. Medical treatment can be very expensive, and your insurance must cover any potential medical expenses, including emergency evacuation, although the quality of local facilities means this is rarely required for treatment. Pharmacies are widely available and well-stocked with most common medications, but it is always advisable to bring a supply of any personal prescription medication with you, along with a doctor’s letter.
There are no mandatory vaccinations required for entry into Saudi Arabia for most tourists, with the major exception being for pilgrims undertaking the Hajj or Umrah, who have specific requirements, including proof of meningitis vaccination. However, it is always recommended for any traveler to be up-to-date with their routine immunizations, such as Tetanus, Diphtheria, and Polio. It is also advisable to consult with your doctor or a travel medicine clinic before your trip to discuss whether vaccinations for diseases like Hepatitis A and Typhoid are recommended based on your specific travel plans. The standards of food and water hygiene in major hotels and restaurants are generally very high. It is safe to drink tap water in most cities, although many people prefer the taste of bottled water, which is cheap and widely available.
The main health risk for visitors is related to the extreme climate. The heat during the summer months can be intense and poses a serious risk of dehydration, heatstroke, and sunstroke. It is crucial to drink a large amount of water throughout the day to stay hydrated. During the hottest parts of the day, it is essential to limit your time outdoors, seek shade, and wear lightweight, loose-fitting clothing and a hat. The sun is very strong year-round, so a high-SPF sunscreen is a must. Another occasional environmental hazard is sandstorms, which can cause temporary respiratory issues, particularly for those with asthma. By taking sensible precautions against the climate and respecting local laws, visitors can enjoy a very safe and healthy trip in the Kingdom.
Back to Top12) Currency, Commodities & Costs
The official currency of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is the Saudi Riyal (SAR). The Riyal is pegged to the US Dollar at a fixed rate of 3.75 SAR to 1 USD, which provides a stable and predictable exchange rate for international visitors. The Riyal is divided into 100 halalas. Banknotes are available in denominations of 5, 10, 50, 100, and 500 Riyals, while coins are used for smaller values. For travelers, it is best to use the local currency for most transactions to get the best value. While US Dollars might be accepted for large payments at some high-end hotels, using Riyals for everyday purchases like food, transport, and souvenirs is the standard practice. ATMs are ubiquitous in all cities and towns and are the most convenient way to access cash. They are connected to international networks like Visa and Mastercard and are widely available in malls, banks, and petrol stations.
Saudi Arabia can be perceived as an expensive travel destination, but the cost can vary significantly depending on your travel style. The recent development of the tourism sector has seen the opening of many ultra-luxury hotels and resorts, particularly in destinations like AlUla and the Red Sea, which cater to a high-end market and come with a premium price tag. Fine dining in the upscale restaurants of Riyadh and Jeddah can also be costly, on par with major international cities. However, outside of this luxury segment, many aspects of travel in Saudi Arabia can be quite reasonable. The cost of transportation, including domestic flights, ride-hailing services, and gasoline, is relatively low compared to Western countries. A mid-range traveler, staying in good 4-star hotels, eating at a mix of restaurants, and using domestic flights, might budget between $150-250 USD per day.
To provide a more concrete idea of costs, it helps to look at common commodities. A cup of coffee at a specialty cafe might cost between 15 and 25 SAR, while a bottle of water is very cheap, usually only 1 or 2 SAR. A quick and delicious meal at a local eatery, such as a shawarma or a falafel sandwich, can be found for as little as 5-10 SAR. A meal at a mid-range restaurant might cost between 70 and 150 SAR per person. One of the best value items is gasoline, which is heavily subsidized and among the cheapest in the world, making car rental an attractive option. Entrance fees to most historical sites and museums are also generally quite affordable. The most significant expenses for most visitors will be accommodation and any pre-booked, high-end tours or experiences.
Credit and debit cards are widely accepted in Saudi Arabia, especially in urban areas. All major hotels, restaurants, supermarkets, and shopping malls will accept card payments. This reduces the need to carry large amounts of cash. However, it is always wise to have some cash on hand for smaller purchases, for tipping, and for shopping in traditional souqs, where cash is still king. Tipping is not mandatory but is becoming more common, especially in the service industry. A small tip of 10-15% for good service at a restaurant is appreciated. For ride-hailing services, you can tip through the app. By balancing spending between luxury experiences and more local options, and by utilizing the modern banking infrastructure, travelers can manage their budget effectively while enjoying the diverse offerings of the Kingdom.
| Commodity / Service | Estimated Cost (SAR) |
|---|---|
| Cup of Specialty Coffee | 18 – 28 |
| Shawarma Sandwich (Local Eatery) | 7 – 15 |
| Three-Course Meal for Two (Mid-Range) | 250 – 450 |
| Litre of Gasoline | 2.18 – 2.33 |
| Ride-Hailing Service (10km trip) | 30 – 45 |
| Luxury Hotel Room (per night) | 1,000 – 3,000+ |
13) Housing Rental Cost
The housing rental market in Saudi Arabia is large and well-developed, catering primarily to the vast expatriate population that forms a significant part of the country’s workforce. The cost and type of accommodation vary greatly between cities and even between different neighborhoods within the same city. The major hubs for expatriates are the capital, Riyadh, the commercial port city of Jeddah, and the cities of the Eastern Province like Dammam, Khobar, and Dhahran, which are the heart of the oil industry. For many Western expatriates, the most common form of accommodation is renting a property within a purpose-built residential compound. These compounds are gated communities that offer a more liberal and Western-style living environment, with amenities such as swimming pools, gyms, tennis courts, and community centers, and where Western women are not required to wear the abaya within the compound walls.
Renting within a compound is the most expensive housing option but is highly sought after for the lifestyle and security it provides. These compounds offer a range of properties, from small one-bedroom apartments to large, multi-bedroom villas with private gardens. The rental prices for these properties are high and are often quoted annually, with payment required in one or two large installments upfront. The cost will depend on the size and quality of the property, the age of the compound, and the range of facilities it offers. The demand for high-quality compound housing often exceeds supply, particularly in Riyadh, which can lead to waiting lists and very competitive pricing. These communities provide a soft landing for many new arrivals to the Kingdom, offering a ready-made social network and a familiar living environment.
An alternative to compound living is to rent a property on the local market. This can be a significantly more affordable option and offers a more immersive local experience. The most common type of property available is an apartment (“shagga”) in one of the many residential buildings that populate the cities. These can range from basic, older buildings to modern, new-build towers with some shared facilities. It is also possible to rent an independent villa (“dublex” or “villa”), which offers more space and privacy. Renting on the local market requires more navigating of local bureaucracy and cultural norms, but it provides greater freedom and can be a very comfortable and cost-effective solution for many expatriates. Real estate agents are the primary channel for finding these properties.
The rental process typically involves signing a one-year lease agreement (“aqd”). It is standard practice for landlords to require the full year’s rent to be paid in advance, or in two six-monthly installments. A security deposit is also required. When budgeting for rent, it is important to factor in the cost of utilities, such as electricity, water, and internet, which are almost always separate. The table below provides a general estimate of the annual rental costs for standard properties in the major expatriate cities, highlighting the difference between compound and non-compound living. These prices are indicative and can fluctuate based on the specific location, market demand, and the quality of the property.
| Property Type & City | Estimated Annual Rent (SAR) |
|---|---|
| Two-Bedroom Apartment (Non-Compound, Riyadh/Jeddah) | 40,000 – 80,000 |
| Three-Bedroom Villa (Non-Compound, Riyadh/Jeddah) | 80,000 – 150,000 |
| Two-Bedroom Apartment (Western Compound) | 120,000 – 200,000+ |
| Three-Bedroom Villa (Western Compound) | 200,000 – 400,000+ |
14) Cost of Living
The cost of living in Saudi Arabia presents a mixed and varied picture for expatriates and residents. While the country is known for its immense oil wealth and luxury lifestyle, certain aspects of daily life can be surprisingly affordable, particularly due to government subsidies and the absence of personal income tax. However, other costs, especially those associated with a Western expatriate lifestyle, can be very high. The overall cost will largely depend on the individual’s or family’s choices regarding housing, education, and lifestyle. The major cities of Riyadh and Jeddah are generally the most expensive places to live, while costs in smaller cities and towns are significantly lower. A key financial benefit for all residents is the low cost of gasoline, which is among the cheapest in the world, making personal transportation very affordable.
For expatriate families, the single largest expense after housing is often education. The public school system is generally not an option for non-Arabic speaking children, which means most expatriates enroll their children in private international schools. These schools, found in all major cities, offer various international curricula, such as American, British, or the International Baccalaureate (IB). They provide a high standard of education and excellent facilities but come with very high tuition fees. These fees are a major financial commitment and can range from moderately expensive to extremely high, depending on the prestige and reputation of the school. This cost is a critical factor that families must incorporate into their financial planning before relocating to the Kingdom.
Day-to-day living expenses, such as groceries, can vary. Large, modern supermarkets like Carrefour, Danube, and Tamimi Markets are ubiquitous and stock a vast range of both local and imported products. Locally produced goods, such as dairy products, chicken, and seasonal vegetables, are very reasonably priced. However, imported goods, including many Western brands of breakfast cereals, cheeses, and specialty items, are significantly more expensive due to import duties and shipping costs. An expatriate family aiming to maintain a diet similar to their home country will find their grocery bills to be quite high, while those who adapt to more local products and cooking styles can save a considerable amount of money. The cost of eating out also varies widely, from very cheap and delicious local eateries to incredibly expensive fine-dining restaurants.
Healthcare is another key consideration. The private healthcare system in Saudi Arabia is of a very high standard, with modern hospitals and clinics staffed by well-trained medical professionals. However, this care comes at a high cost. It is a legal requirement for all expatriates and their dependents to have private health insurance, which is typically provided by their employer as part of the employment package. The quality of this insurance can vary, and many expatriates choose to top up their policy for more comprehensive coverage. Utilities such as electricity and water are subsidized but can still be a significant expense, especially during the summer months when air conditioning is run almost continuously. Overall, while the lack of income tax provides a major financial advantage, a comfortable expatriate lifestyle in Saudi Arabia requires a substantial income to cover the high costs of housing, education, and imported goods.
| Expense Category | Estimated Annual/Monthly Cost (SAR) |
|---|---|
| International School Annual Tuition Fees (per child) | 40,000 – 100,000+ |
| Comprehensive Private Health Insurance (Annual Premium) | 10,000 – 30,000+ (per person) |
| Monthly Utilities (Electricity, Water) for a Villa | 800 – 2,500+ (highly seasonal) |
| High-End Gym/Compound Membership (Monthly) | 500 – 1,500+ |
15) Shopping & Souvenirs
Shopping in Saudi Arabia is a tale of two worlds, a fascinating blend of ultra-modern, luxurious shopping malls and traditional, bustling souqs. The country’s cities are home to some of the most impressive and opulent shopping malls in the Middle East, which serve as central hubs for retail, dining, and social life. Malls like the Kingdom Centre and Riyadh Park Mall in Riyadh, or the Red Sea Mall and Mall of Arabia in Jeddah, are vast, air-conditioned complexes that house a full spectrum of international brands, from high-street fashion to the most exclusive luxury designers. These malls are more than just shopping centers; they are family destinations, particularly on weekends, offering a comfortable and climate-controlled environment to escape the desert heat. For visitors seeking international brands and a modern retail experience, these malls offer a world-class shopping environment.
In stark contrast to the gleaming malls are the traditional markets, or “souqs,” which offer a more authentic and sensory shopping experience. The most famous of these is the Souq Al Zal in Riyadh, one of the oldest and most traditional markets in the city. Here, you can wander through narrow alleyways and find stalls selling traditional daggers (“khanjars”), antique coffee pots (“dallahs”), incense burners (“mabkharas”), and beautiful hand-woven Bedouin rugs. It is a place to find unique, historical items and to witness the art of bargaining. Similarly, the souqs in Jeddah’s Al-Balad district are a treasure trove of spices, perfumes, textiles, and gold. A visit to a souq is an essential cultural experience, a chance to engage with local vendors and to find souvenirs that are deeply rooted in the heritage of the Arabian Peninsula.
For visitors looking to take home a piece of Arabian culture, there are several iconic souvenirs to seek out. One of the most quintessential is “oud,” a deeply aromatic and highly prized resin derived from the aquilaria tree. Oud is used as a perfume in both its pure oil form and as incense chips (“bakhoor”) that are burned to perfume homes and clothing. You can find a vast range of oud and other traditional perfumes (“attar”) in the souqs and specialty perfume shops. Another classic Saudi souvenir is a beautiful Arabic coffee pot (“dallah”) and a set of small cups (“finjan”). These are not just decorative items but are central to the culture of Saudi hospitality. High-quality dates are another excellent and delicious souvenir, with a vast number of varieties available, often beautifully packaged and perfect for gifting.
Gold is also a very popular item to buy in Saudi Arabia, and the gold souqs in Jeddah and Riyadh are famous for their dazzling displays. Here you can find intricate jewelry sold by weight, with designs ranging from traditional Bedouin styles to modern Italian creations. The price of the gold is based on the daily market rate, with a smaller, negotiable fee added for the craftsmanship. For something more portable, traditional clothing, such as a man’s “thobe” (the white robe) and “ghutra” (headdress) or a woman’s decorative “abaya” (the black cloak), can make for a unique and memorable souvenir. Whether you are browsing for luxury watches in a high-end mall or haggling for an antique silver bracelet in a dusty souq, shopping in Saudi Arabia offers a diverse and fascinating glimpse into both its traditional past and its modern, globalized present.
Back to Top16) Nightlife & Entertainment
The concept of nightlife and entertainment in Saudi Arabia is undergoing a revolutionary transformation, rapidly evolving from a traditionally quiet and private affair into a more public and diverse scene. It is crucial for visitors to understand that “nightlife” in the Western sense, which typically revolves around bars, nightclubs, and the consumption of alcohol, does not exist in Saudi Arabia. The sale, purchase, and consumption of alcohol are strictly illegal throughout the Kingdom. Therefore, evening entertainment has historically been centered on family, food, and socializing in private homes or cafes. However, as part of the Vision 2030 social and economic reforms, the country is now hosting an unprecedented number of public entertainment events, from international music concerts to film festivals, creating a new and dynamic landscape for evening activities that was unimaginable just a few years ago.
The cornerstone of social life after dark in Saudi Arabia is its vibrant dining and cafe culture. Saudis are passionate about food, and the cities come alive in the evening as people head out for dinner. Restaurants, particularly in Riyadh and Jeddah, are often open and bustling until well after midnight. The scene ranges from high-end, celebrity-chef-driven fine dining establishments to casual eateries and traditional restaurants serving authentic Saudi cuisine. This late-night dining culture is the primary form of social entertainment. Equally important is the specialty coffee scene, which has exploded in popularity. Numerous trendy, beautifully designed coffee shops have become sophisticated social hubs, where young Saudis gather to socialize, work, and enjoy expertly crafted coffees. These cafes, along with traditional shisha (hookah) lounges, are central to the modern Saudi social experience.
The most significant change in the entertainment landscape has been the advent of large-scale public events and festivals, particularly under the “Saudi Seasons” initiative. Riyadh Season, for example, has become a massive annual festival that transforms the capital for several months with an incredible array of entertainment options. This includes concerts by major international music stars, large-scale theatrical productions, sporting events, and the creation of vast entertainment zones with rides, games, and themed attractions. These events have introduced a new form of public, communal entertainment and have been enthusiastically embraced by the local population. For visitors, checking the calendars for Riyadh Season or Jeddah Season is now an essential part of travel planning, as these festivals offer world-class entertainment options that simply did not exist before.
Family-friendly entertainment is another key aspect of the evening scene. The country’s numerous large and modern shopping malls are major social destinations in the evenings, offering not just shopping but also cinemas, a wide variety of restaurants and food courts, and children’s play areas. In coastal cities like Jeddah and Khobar, the waterfront promenades, or “corniches,” are popular places for families to walk, relax, and socialize in the cooler evening air. While the nightlife in Saudi Arabia may lack the bars and clubs of other countries, it is rich in other ways. It is a social, food-focused, and increasingly dynamic scene that offers a unique and evolving blend of traditional pastimes and modern, global entertainment, providing a fascinating window into the changes shaping the Kingdom today.
Back to Top17) Insider Travel Tips
To truly get the most out of your journey to the newly opened Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, a few insider tips can help you navigate its unique culture and logistics. One of the most important is to rent a car. While ride-hailing apps are excellent for getting around within cities, Saudi Arabia is a country built for driving, with vast distances and excellent modern highways connecting its attractions. Renting a vehicle gives you the ultimate freedom and flexibility to explore at your own pace, especially for destinations like AlUla where the historical sites are spread out over a large area. Gasoline is incredibly cheap, and major international rental agencies are present at all airports. An International Driving Permit is recommended. Having your own transport allows you to discover hidden gems and stop for photos whenever you wish, transforming your trip into a true road-trip adventure across the Arabian desert.
A crucial tip for planning your itinerary is to be aware of prayer times. As the heartland of Islam, life in Saudi Arabia is structured around the five daily prayers. During these prayer times, which change slightly each day based on the sun’s position, most shops, cafes, and even some petrol stations will close for a short period of around 20 to 30 minutes. This is a fundamental part of the daily rhythm of the country. While the enforcement of these closures has become more relaxed in recent years, especially in major malls, it is still a common practice. It is wise to download a prayer time app on your phone so you can be aware of the schedule. This allows you to plan your shopping trips and errands around these short breaks, avoiding the inconvenience of arriving at a closed shop. It is a small but essential piece of practical knowledge for smooth daily logistics.
Embrace the local culture of hospitality by learning and using a few basic Arabic greetings. While English is widely spoken in the tourism sector, a simple “Assalam-o-Alaikum” (hello) and “Shukran” (thank you) will be met with genuine warmth and appreciation. The culture of sharing Arabic coffee and dates is a cornerstone of Saudi hospitality. If you are offered coffee in a shop, hotel lobby, or as part of a tour, it is polite to accept at least one small cup. This simple act of sharing is a powerful symbol of welcome and respect. Similarly, don’t be surprised if locals, curious about the new influx of tourists, strike up a conversation with you. Engaging with politeness and a friendly smile can lead to some of the most memorable and authentic interactions of your trip.
Finally, for a deeper and more comfortable cultural experience, especially for female travelers, it is advisable to dress conservatively. While the strict requirement for foreign women to wear an abaya (the black cloak) has been officially lifted for tourists, dressing modestly is still a crucial sign of respect for the local culture and will help you to blend in and feel more comfortable. This means wearing loose-fitting clothing that covers your arms and legs. For women, carrying a scarf or head covering is also a good idea, as it is still required to enter mosques. By adopting a conservative dress code, you show that you are a respectful guest, which will in turn lead to more positive and welcoming interactions with the Saudi people you meet along your journey.
Back to Top18) Etiquette & Customs
Navigating the social landscape of Saudi Arabia requires a keen understanding and deep respect for its conservative customs, which are rooted in Islamic tradition and Bedouin culture. Politeness, respect, and modesty are the cornerstones of all social interactions. The standard greeting is the Islamic salutation “Assalam-o-Alaikum” (Peace be upon you), with the reply “Wa-Alaikum-Assalam” (And upon you be peace). It is crucial to always use your right hand when shaking hands, offering or receiving something, and eating, as the left hand is traditionally considered unclean. Respect for elders is paramount; you should greet them first and give them your full attention when they are speaking. Public displays of affection are not acceptable, and it is important to maintain a respectful and somewhat formal demeanor in all public interactions, avoiding loud conversations or boisterous behavior.
One of the most significant cultural norms to be aware of is the traditional separation of genders in many public spaces. While this is changing rapidly as part of the country’s social reforms, you may still encounter separate entrances or seating areas for “Families” (which includes women and their male relatives) and “Singles” (for men on their own) in some older, more traditional restaurants. As a foreign tourist, you will often be guided to the family section. Physical contact between unrelated men and women is generally avoided in public. A foreign man should never initiate a handshake with a Saudi woman; he should wait for her to extend her hand first. If she does not, a polite nod and a hand placed on the heart is the appropriate and respectful gesture of greeting.
The dress code is one of the most visible aspects of Saudi custom and an important area for visitors to observe. For men, the standard is to wear long trousers and shirts with sleeves. Shorts are generally only worn in resort areas or for sports. For women, while the mandatory abaya (the long, black cloak) requirement has been lifted for foreign tourists, it is still essential to dress modestly to show respect for the culture and to avoid unwanted attention. This means wearing loose-fitting clothing that covers the shoulders, arms, and legs. A long dress or loose trousers with a long-sleeved tunic are excellent choices. It is also highly advisable for women to carry a scarf or head covering with them, as it is still mandatory to cover your hair when entering any mosque.
Hospitality is a sacred duty in Saudi culture. You will likely be offered Arabic coffee and dates as a sign of welcome wherever you go, from hotels to shops and offices. It is considered polite to accept at least one cup. If you are invited to a Saudi home for a meal, it is a great honor. You should remove your shoes before entering the home and accept the generous portions of food you will be served. It is also considered poor form to photograph people, especially women, without asking for their explicit permission first. By being mindful of these key customs—related to greetings, gender interaction, dress, and hospitality—you can navigate the Kingdom with grace and respect, ensuring a positive and culturally immersive experience.
Back to Top19) Basic Language Tips
While English is widely spoken in the business community and in the rapidly growing tourism and hospitality sectors in Saudi Arabia, making an effort to learn and use some basic Arabic phrases will profoundly enhance your travel experience. Arabic is the official language of the Kingdom and the language of the Qur’an, holding immense cultural and religious significance. Using a few words of Arabic is a powerful gesture of respect and shows a genuine interest in the local culture. It will be met with great warmth, appreciation, and often surprise, transforming simple transactions into friendly and memorable interactions. You do not need to be fluent; mastering a few key phrases will break down cultural barriers and open the door to the legendary Saudi hospitality, making you feel less like a tourist and more like a welcome guest.
Greetings are the most fundamental and important part of any interaction. The universal Islamic greeting “Assalam-o-Alaikum” (Peace be upon you) is the most respectful and appropriate way to greet anyone, at any time of day. The correct response is “Wa-Alaikum-Assalam” (And upon you be peace). For a more casual “Hello,” you can use “Marhaba.” To say good morning, you would say “Sabah al-khair,” and the response is “Sabah al-nur.” Similarly, “Masa’ al-khair” is good evening, with the response “Masa’ al-nur.” Learning to say “please,” which is “Min fadlak” (to a man) or “Min fadlik” (to a woman), and “thank you,” which is “Shukran,” is absolutely essential. These simple pleasantries are the cornerstone of polite communication in the Arab world.
Knowing a few practical phrases will help you navigate daily situations with greater ease and confidence. If you need to ask for something, you can use the phrase “Ateeni…” (Give me…), followed by what you need, for example, “Ateeni mai, min fadlak” (Give me water, please). When shopping in a souq, asking “Bikam hada?” (How much is this?) is crucial for bargaining. If you don’t understand something, a polite “Ma afham” (I don’t understand) is very useful. To ask if someone speaks English, you can say “Tatukallam ingilizi?” A key phrase for getting around is “Wayn…?” (Where is…?), for example, “Wayn al-hammam?” (Where is the bathroom?). These functional phrases will make your interactions much smoother.
Don’t be afraid to try speaking, even if your pronunciation is not perfect. Saudis are generally very encouraging and will appreciate your effort. The sounds of Arabic can be challenging for English speakers, particularly the guttural consonants, but a good-natured attempt is what truly matters. You can use a translation app on your phone to assist you, but having a few phrases memorized for quick use is much more effective. The table below provides a list of 20 essential Arabic phrases that will serve as a fantastic starting point for your linguistic journey in the Kingdom. Practice them, use them with a smile, and enjoy the warmer connections and deeper cultural understanding that will surely follow.
| English Phrase | Arabic Translation (Romanized) |
|---|---|
| Hello (Peace be upon you) | Assalam-o-Alaikum |
| Hello (And upon you be peace) | Wa-Alaikum-Assalam |
| Welcome / Hello | Marhaba / Ahlan |
| How are you? | Kaif halak? (to a man) / Kaif halik? (to a woman) |
| I am fine, thank you | Ana bikhayr, shukran |
| Thank you | Shukran |
| You’re welcome | Afwan |
| Yes | Na’am / Aywa |
| No | La |
| Please | Min fadlak / Min fadlik |
| Excuse me / Sorry | Afwan / Asif |
| What is your name? | Ma ismak? / Ma ismik? |
| My name is… | Ismi… |
| I don’t understand | Ma afham |
| How much is this? | Bikam hada? |
| Goodbye | Ma’a salama |
| Water | Mai / Moya |
| Coffee | Qahwa |
| Okay / Good | Tayeb / Hasanan |
| God willing | Inshallah |
20) Useful Resources
To plan a seamless and well-informed trip to the rapidly evolving Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, utilizing the correct official and practical resources is paramount. The single most important resource for any prospective tourist is the official Saudi tourism visa portal, “Visit Saudi.” This website (visitsaudi.com) is the government’s official platform for tourism and is the channel through which citizens of eligible countries can apply for a tourist e-visa. Beyond the crucial visa application process, the site has been developed into a comprehensive travel guide. It features a wealth of inspirational content on destinations, experiences, and events across the Kingdom. It is the most authoritative and up-to-date source for official tourism information and should be the first stop for anyone beginning their research into a trip to Saudi Arabia.
For critical information regarding the laws, customs, and safety of the country, it is essential to consult your home country’s government travel advisory service. Reputable sources like the U.S. Department of State, the UK’s Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office (FCDO), and the Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (DFAT) provide detailed and regularly updated advice. These sites offer crucial information on entry requirements, local laws that visitors must adhere to (including those related to dress code and social conduct), and any specific security considerations for different regions of the Kingdom. Reading these advisories thoroughly is a fundamental step in responsible travel planning and ensures you are fully aware of the legal and cultural framework you will be entering.
To stay up-to-date with the dynamic and fast-growing entertainment and events calendar, several specific resources are very useful. The websites for the major “Saudi Seasons” festivals, such as Riyadh Season and Jeddah Season, are the best places to find information on schedules, ticket sales, and lineups for major concerts, sporting events, and attractions. For booking specific experiences, especially in AlUla, the “Experience AlUla” website is the official portal for booking tickets to heritage sites like Hegra, as well as concerts at the Maraya venue and other local tours and activities. Many of these high-demand events and tours sell out in advance, so consulting these official booking platforms is a key part of building a successful itinerary.
Finally, for logistical planning, the websites of the national carriers, Saudia and Flynas, are the best places to check domestic flight schedules and book tickets. For ground transport, the Saudi Arabia Railways (SAR) and SAPTCO bus company websites provide route maps and booking information. For on-the-ground navigation and transport within cities, downloading ride-hailing apps like Careem and Uber before you arrive is essential. By combining the official information from Visit Saudi, the crucial safety and legal advice from government advisories, and the practical booking tools for events and transport, you can create a comprehensive and well-structured plan for an incredible and trouble-free adventure in the new and exciting destination of Saudi Arabia.
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